Unit 4-6定语从句-2025-2026学年高中英语必修一语法重难点精讲（外研版）

高中必修1外研版 【语法精讲】 定语从句专项 语法精讲 【语法专题】定语从句专项突破 高中外研版必修1 语法精讲 语法概述：定语从句=修饰名词或代词的从句，通常跟在被修饰词后，由关系代词(who,whom, whose,.which,.that)或关系副词(when,where,why)引导，“介词+关系代词”结构也可引导，用 于补充说明被修饰词的特征、状态等。 一、 重难点讲解 重难点一：关系代词的选择与用法讲解： 关系代词(that/which/who/whom/whose)用于引导定语从句，指代先行词并在从句中充当主语、 宾语、定语等成分。 -ht既可指人也可指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略：但不能用于非限制性定语从 句或介词后。 ,wich仅指物，可用于限制性和非限制性定语从句，作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。 who/whom指人，who在从句中作主语，whom作宾语（可省略或用who替换）。 whose指人或物，在从句中作定语，后接名词。 例句： -The girl who is standing under the tree is my sister..(who指人，作主语) -This is the book that I bought yesterday.(that指物，作宾语，可省略) -He lives in a house whose windows face south.(whose指物，作定语) 真题再现： 1.(（2024 北京西城期中)The man_spoke at the meeting yesterday is our new teacher A which B who Cwhom D whose 答案：B 解析：先行词the man指人，从句中缺少主语，用关系代词who。 2.(2023上海浦东月考)This is the village_my grandparents lived for50 years.. A that 高中必修1外研版 【语法精讲】 定语从句专项 B which Cwhere D whose 答案：A解析：先行词the village指物，从句中lived后省略了介词im,关系代词hat作宾 语，可省略（此处选项中hat符合语法）。 重难点二：关系副词的用法及与关系代词的区别讲解： 关系副词(where/when/why)在定语从句中作状语，分别表示地点、时间、原因，其先行词通常 为表示地点、时间、原因的名词：而关系代词在从句中作主语或宾语。 -where:先行词为地点名词（如place,.city等），从句中缺少地点状语。 when: 先行词为时间名词（如time,day等），从句中缺少时间状语。 -why:先行词为reason,.从句中缺少原因状语（常用for which替换）。 例句： -This is the school where I studied 10yea'sago.(where表地点，作状语) -I still remember the day when we first met.(when表时间，作状语) -The reason why he was late is not clear.(why表原因，作状语) 真题再现： 1.(2024广东广州期末)Do you know the year the People's Republic of China was founded? A which B that Cwhen Dwhere 答案：C 解析：先行词the year指时间，从句中缺少时间状语，用关系副词when。 2.(2023 江苏南京期中)This is the factory_my father works. A that B which Cwhere D when 答案：C解析：先行词the factory指地点，从句中works缺少地点状语，用关系副词where。 重难点三：“介词+关系代词”结构的用法讲解： “介词+关系代词”结构中，关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人)，不能用hat或who: 介词的选择取决于先行词与介词的搭配或从句中动词的固定搭配。 例句： -This is the house in which my uncle used to live.(=where,live in为固定搭配) 2 高中必修1外研版 【语法精讲】 定语从句专项 The girl with whom I went shopping yesterday is my classmate.(=who/whom,go shopping with 固定搭配) 真题再现： 1.(2024浙江杭州月考)The pen_I write my homework is very expensive. A with which B which C by which D on which 答案：A解析：从句中write后需接介词with,构成write with the pen,“介词+关系代词” 结构中用which指物，故选with which。 2.(2023山东青岛期中)The teacher_we talked just now is very kind A to whom B whom C with who Dthat 答案：A解析：talk后接介词to,构成talk to the teacher,“介词+关系代词”中指人用whom, 故选to whom。 重难点四：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别讲解： -限制性定语从句：无逗号隔开，修饰先行词，不可省略，否则句意不完整：关系代词作宾语时可 省略，that可使用。 ·非限制性定语从句：有逗号隔开，对先行词进行补充说明，可省略，不影响主句意思：不可用 that,关系代词作宾语不可省略。 例句： -My brother who works in Beijing is a doctor.(限制性：特指在北京工作的哥哥，非唯一) -My brother,who works in Beijing,is a doctor..(非限制性：补充说明哥哥在北京工作，只有一个哥哥) 真题再现： 1.(2024 天津河东期末)My mother,._is a teacher,,often tells me to study hard, A which B who Cthat Dwhom 答案：B解析：逗号隔开为非限制性定语从句，先行词my mother指人，从句中作主语，用 关系代词who(不可用that)。 2.(2023湖北武汉月考)She has two sons,both_are doctors. 3 高中必修1外研版 【语法精讲】 定语从句专项 A of whom B of which C of that D of who 答案：A解析：逗号隔开为非限制性定语从句，先行词two sons指人，“both of whom”表 示“两人都”，whom作介词of的宾语。 易错点综合演练 I单项选择（直击重难点） 1.The boy is sitting by the window is my best friend. A which B who Cwhom D whose 2.This is the park we had a picnic last Sunday. A that B which Cwhere Dwhen 3.I still remember the day I first met my English teacher. A which B when Cwhere Dwhy 4.The house windows are red belongs to my uncle. A which B that C whose Dwho Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化句型结构） 1.The book(that/which)I bought yesterday is very interesting 2.Look at the girl(who/whom)is dancing over there 3.This is the reason(why/which)he was absent from school. 4.The pen(with which/by which)I write is made in China. 4 高中必修1外研版 【语法精讲】 定语从句专项 短文填空（综合运用定语从句） 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空，使短文完整通顺。（外研版教材课文改编） I live in a small town 1.is surrounded by mountains.There is a river 2.runs through the town. The people 3.live here are very friendly.I often go to the park 4.I can play with my friends.Last week,I met a girl 5.father is a doctor.She told me about a hospital 6.she volunteered during the summer holiday.I hope I can go there 7.I grow up. V.连词成句（聚焦句型结构) 1.the man,whom,I,talked,to,yesterday,is,our,headmaster,(. 2.this,is,the,school,where,I,studied,five,years,ago,(. 3.the,book,which,my,mother,gave,me,is,very,useful,(. 4.he,is,the,boy,whose,sister,is,a,famous,singer,( 5.we,visited,the,factory,where,my,father,works,last,week,( V.按要求改写句子（巩固定语从句用法） l.The girl is my cousin.She is wearing a red dress.(合并为含有定语从句的句子) 2.This is the room.I lived in the room last year..(合并为含有“介词+关系代词”结构的句子) 3.He gave me a reason.I didn't accept the reason.(合并为含有定语从句的句子) 4.The city is very beautiful.We visited the city last summer..(合并为含有非限制性定语从句的句 子) 参考答案 I.单项选择：1B2.C3.B4.C 5 高中必修1外研版 【语法精讲】 定语从句专项 Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空：1.that/which2.who3.why4.with which Ⅲ.短文填空： 1.which/that 2.which/that 3.who/that 4.where 5.whose 6.where 7.when V.连词成句： 1.The man whom I talked to yesterday is our headmaster. 2.This is the school where I studied five years ago. 3.The book which my mother gave me is very useful. 4.He is the boy whose sister is a famous singer. 5.We visited the factory where my father works last week. V.按要求改写句子： 1.The girl who is wearing a red dress is my cousin. 2.This is the room in which I lived last year. 3.He gave me a reason which I didn't accept. 4.The city,which we visited last summer,is very beautiful 6