现在 过去分词作定语-2025-2026学年高中英语必修二语法重难点精讲（沪教版）

必修2沪教牛津版 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 寒假专版 【语法专题】现在/过去分词作定语专项突 破 高中沪教牛津版必修2 语法精讲 语法概述：现在分词（如unning,.exciting)作定语-主动/进行的动作+名词，修饰名词时表示 名词主动发出动作或动作正在进行：过去分词（如broken,interested)作定语=被动/完成的动作+ 名词，修饰名词时表示名词承受动作或动作已完成，两者在句中均用于修饰名词。 重难点讲解 重难点一：现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别讲解： 现在分词(doig)作定语时，与被修饰名词之间是主动关系或表示动作正在进行，单个分词通常 前置，分词短语后置。 a sleeping baby(主动且正在进行) The girl singing on the stage is my sister.(分词短语后置，主动关系) 过去分词(done)作定语时，与被修饰名词之间是被动关系或表示动作已完成，单个分词通常前 置，分词短语后置。 a broken cup(被动且已完成) The novel written by Mo Yan is popular.(分词短语后置，被动关系) 真题再现： 1.(2024 上海浦东区期中)The_leaves fall down from the trees in autumn, A.fall B.falling C.fell D.fallen 答案：B解析：leaves与fall是主动关系，且表示正在进行的动作，用现在分词falling作定 语。 2.(2023上海徐汇区月考)We should help the_people after the earthquake. A.injure 必修2沪教牛津版 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 B.injuring C.injured D.to injure 答案：C解析：people与injure是被动关系，用过去分词injured作定语，表示“受伤的人 们”。 重难点二：分词作定语的位置讲解： 单个分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰名词之前（前置定语）。 a boring story(现在分词) excited children(过去分词) 分词短语作定语时，必须放在被修饰名词之后（后置定语），相当于一个定语从句。 The student reading a book is from Class 3.(=The student who is reading a book...) The building built last year is our library.(=The building which was built last year...) 真题再现： 1.(2024 上海黄浦区期末)Do you know the girl in the playground? A.play B.playing C.played D.to play 答案：B 解析：分词短语playing in the playground后置修饰the girl,.表主动关系，用现在分 词。 2.(2023上海静安区期中)I like the house_by my father ten years ago. A.design B.designing C.designed D.to design 答案：C解析：分词短语designed by my father ten years ago后置修饰the house,表被动关 系，用过去分词。 重难点三：现在分词与过去分词作定语表时间关系讲解： 现在分词作定语可表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作（进行时）。 The man talking on the phone is my uncle.(talk与is同时发生) 过去分词作定语可表示在谓语动词之前完成的动作（完成时）。 The letter written yesterday has been posted.(write在has been posted之前完成) 2 必修2沪教牛津版 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 真题再现： 1.(2024 上海长宁区月考)Look at the boy basketball over there.He is my brother. A.play B.plays C.playing D.played 答案：C解析：“看的时候男孩正在打篮球”，play与look同时发生，用现在分词playing作 定语。 2.(2023上海杨浦区期中)The books_by Lu Xun are still popular today.. A.write B.wrote C.writing D.written 答案：D 解析：“鲁迅写书”发生在“书受欢迎”之前，用过去分词written作定语表完成。 重难点四：易混淆的分词形容词讲解： 部分动词的现在分词(-ig)和过去分词(-ed)可作定语，前者表示事物的性质(“令人…的”)， 后者表示人的感受(“感到…的”)。 an interesting story(令人感兴趣的故事) interested readers(感兴趣的读者) a surprising result(令人惊讶的结果) surprised students（感到惊讶的学生) 真题再现： 1.(2024 上海闵行区期末)The movie was so_that all the audience felt_ A.exciting;excited B.excited;exciting C.exciting;exciting D.excited;excited 答案：A解析：第一空修饰movie用exciting(令人兴奋的)，第二空修饰audience用excited (感到兴奋的)。 2.(2023上海普陀区月考)We had a_trip and everyone was_with it. A.pleased;pleasant B.pleasant;pleased C.pleasing;pleasant D.pleased;pleasing 答案：B解析：第一空修饰trip用pleasant(令人愉快的)，第二空修饰everyone用pleased (感到满意的)。 必修2沪教牛津版 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 易错点综合演练 L单项选择（直击重难点) 1.The child is playing happily in the garden. A.smile B.smiling C.smiled D.to smile 2.The novel by the famous writer has been translated into many languages. A.write B.writing C.written D.to write 3.Look at the girl on the street.She is looking for her mother. A.cry B.crying C.cried D.to cry 4.The news made everyone in the room excited. A.excite B.exciting C.excited D.to excite Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化句型结构）》 1.The(break)window needs to be repaired as soon as possible 2.I met a boy(carry)a heavy box on his way home yesterday. 3.The story_(tell)by my grandmother was very interesting. 4.We should pay attention to the (develop)situation of the project. ⅢⅡ短文填空（综合运用分词作定语) 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。 Last Sunday,I went to the park with my friends.We saw many (interest)things there.A(run)dog caught our attention first.Then we noticed an old man(read)a newspaper under a big tree.Near the lake,there were some children(play)with a(color)ball.We also saw a bridge(build)last year. It was a(relax)day. V.连词成句（聚焦句型结构） 4 必修2沪教牛津版 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 1.the,girl,singing,over there,is,my,best,friend,(. 2.I,like,the,story,written,by,this,author,(. 3.we,should,help,the,people,injured,in,the,accident,(. 4.the,falling,leaves,make,the,ground,very,beautiful,( V.按要求改写句子（巩固分词用法） 1.The boy who is playing football is my brother.(用现在分词作定语改写) 2.The book which was written by Lu Xun is very famous..(用过去分词作定语改写) 3.The girl is very excited.She heard the good news.（合并为一句，用过去分词作定语) 4.The students are listening to the teacher.They are in Class2.(合并为一句，用现在分词作定语) 综合演练参考答案 I.单项选择：1B2.C3.B4.B Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空：1.broken2.carrying3.told4.developing 皿.短文填空： 1.interesting 2.running 3.reading 4.playing 5.colorful 6.built 7.relaxing V.连词成句： 1.The girl singing over there is my best friend. 2.I like the story written by this author. 3.We should help the people injured in the accident. 4.The falling leaves make the ground very beautiful. 必修2沪教牛津版 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 V.按要求改写句子： 1.The boy playing football is my brother. 2.The book written by Lu Xun is very famous. 3.The girl excited by the good news heard it. 4.The students listening to the teacher are in Class 2. 6