分词作状语-2025-2026学年高中英语必修二语法重难点精讲（沪教版）

高中必修2沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 D版重难点精讲 语法专版 【语法专题】分词作状语专项突破 高中沪教牛津版必修2 语法精讲 语法概述：分词作状语-分词（现在分词doing/过去分词done)+其他成分，在句中可修饰谓语 动词，说明动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式或伴随情况等。 重难点讲解 重难点一：现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别讲解： 现在分词(doing)作状语时，与句子主语构成主动关系，或表示动作正在进行；过去分词(done) 作状语时，与句子主语构成被动关系，或表示动作已完成。 ●Walking in the park,she saw a beautiful flower.(现在分词walking与主语she是主动关系) 。Seen from the hill,.the city looks more beautiful.(过去分词seen与主语the city是被动关系) 真题再现： 1.(2024上海浦东区期中)the homework,he went out to play basketball,. A.Finishing B.Finished C.Finish D.To finish 答案：B解析：主语he与finish是被动关系（作业被完成），用过去分词Finished作状语表 完成。 2.(2023 上海徐汇区月考)一along the street,,I met an old friend of mine A.Walk B.Walking C.Walked D.To walk 答案：B解析：主语I与walk是主动关系，用现在分词Walking作状语表伴随动作。 1 高中必修2沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 D版重难点精讲 重难点二：分词作状语的逻辑主语一致性讲解： 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致，否则需用独立主格结构。 ●Hearing the news,tears came to her eyes..(错误：hearing的逻辑主语应为人，而句子主语是tears) ·Hearing the news,.she burst into tears.（正确：hearing的逻辑主语是she,与句子主语一致) 。Weather permitting,.we will have a picnic tomorrow.(独立主格：weather是permitting的逻辑主 语，与句子主语we不一致) 真题再现： l.(2024上海长宁区期末)一the door,a bird flew into the room A.Opening B.Opened C.When I opened D.To open 答案：C解析：分词opening/opene的逻辑主语与句子主语a bird不一致，需用从句When I opened明确主语。 2.(2023上海杨浦区期中)一from the top of the tower,,we can see the whole city. A.Seeing B.Seen C.To see D.See 答案：A:解析：seeing的逻辑主语是we,与句子主语一致，表主动关系，用现在分词作状 语。 重难点三：分词作状语表时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、伴随等讲解： 分词作状语可表示多种逻辑关系，需根据语境判断： 。时间：相当于when引导的从句(Hearing the bell,.the students entered the classroom.=When they heard the bell...) ●原因：相当于because引导的从句(Being ill,he didn't go to school..=Because he was ill.) 。条件：相当于if引导的从句(Given more time,I can finish the work better.=If I am given more time...) 。让步：相当于though引导的从句(Tired as he was,.he kept working.=Though he was tired) 。结果：常位于句末，表自然结果(He ran fast,.reaching the station on time.) 。伴随：表与主句动作同时发生的次要动作(She sat there,reading a book.) 真题再现： 高中必修2沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 D版重难点精讲 1.(2024 上海闵行区月考)late for school,.he was punished by the teacher. A.Being B.Be C.Tobe D.Been 答案：A 解析：现在分词Being late表原因，相当于Because he was late,与主句主语he是 主动关系。 2.(2023 上海普陀区期末)The old man walked slowly,一by his grandson A.supporting B.supported C.to support D.support 答案：B 解析：过去分词supported表伴随，与主语the old man是被动关系（被支持)。 重难点四：分词的完成式(having done/having been done)作状语讲解： 当分词表示的动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，用完成式。现在分词完成式(having done)表主动， 过去分词完成式(having been done)表被动。 。Having finished his homework,.he went to bed.(finish发生在went之前，主动关系) ·Having been told many times,he still made the same mistake.(tell发生在made之前，被动关系) 真题再现： 1.(2024上海虹口区期中)一the project,.they had a two-week holiday. A.Completing B.Completed C.Having completed D.To complete 答案：C解析：complete发生在had之前，用现在分词完成式Having completed表主动完 成。 2.(2023上海静安区月考)一in the factory for many years,he knew the machines well A.Working B.Worked C.Having worked D.To work 答案：C 解析：work发生在knew之前，且与主语he是主动关系，用Having worked表主 动完成。 高中必修2沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 D版重难点精讲 易错点综合演练 L单项选择（直击重难点) 1.the novel,she wrote a review for her school newspaper. A.Reading B.Read C.Having read D.Toread 2.in the street,a wallet was found by him. A.Walking B.Walked C.When walking D.When he walked 3.carefully,the notes can help you review the whole unit A.Taking B.Taken C.To take D.Take 4.the traffic light turning red,the driver stopped the car immediately. A.See B.Seeing C.Seen D.To see Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化句型结构） 1.(not know)his address,I couldn't send him the invitation. 2.The girl sat under the tree,_(listen)to music quietly. 3.(finish)her homework,Mary went to bed early. 4.(show)around the museum,we learned a lot about ancient history. 5.The teacher entered the classroom,_(follow)by several students. 血.短文填空（综合运用分词） 用括号内单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。 -(walk)along the river yesterday,I met my old classmate Tom.He told me he had just finished his project,-(feel)quite relaxed.-(know)that I was interested in photography,he invited me to join his weekend trip.(accept)his invitation happily,I started to prepare my camera.We planned to take 4 高中必修2沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 D版重难点精讲 photos of the sunset,-(hope)to capture the most beautiful moment.-(arrive)at the destination early, we set up our equipment and waited quietly. V.连词成句（聚焦句型结构） 1.the problem,solving,he,spent,two hours,( 2.by,the children,the story,was,deeply,moved,(. 3.the exam,preparing for,she,stayed up late,(. 4.the mountain,reaching the top of,we,felt very excited,(.) 5.his homework,having finished,he,went out to play,(. V.按要求改写句子（巩固分词用法） 1.The boy was sitting on the grass and he was reading a book.(合并为含分词的句子) 2.Because she was ill,she didn't attend the meeting.(改为含分词的句子) 3.She heard the news and burst into tears.(改为含分词的句子) 4.The house was built in1990 and it stands on the hill.(改为含分词的句子) 参考答案 I.单项选择：1.C2.D3.B4.B Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空： 1.Not knowing 2.listening 3.Having finished 4.Shown 5.followed Ⅱ.短文填空： 1.Walking 2.feeling 3.Knowing 4.Having accepted 5.hoping 6.Arriving 5 高中必修2沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 D版重难点精讲 V.连词成句： 1.He spent two hours solving the problem. 2.The children were deeply moved by the story. 3.Preparing for the exam,she stayed up late. 4.Reaching the top of the mountain,we felt very excited. 5.Having finished his homework,he went out to play. V.按要求改写句子： 1.The boy was sitting on the grass reading a book. 2.Being ill,she didn't attend the meeting. 3.Hearing the news,she burst into tears. 4.Built in 1990,the house stands on the hill. 6