Unit 7重点知识梳理+练习 2025-2026学年沪教版英语七年级下册

该初中英语讲义以“Role models of our time”为主题，通过分类表格系统梳理重点词汇（含名词、动词、形容词等19类）、短语（25个核心短语）及衍生词，用对比表格呈现易混点（如receive/accept、cost/spend等），构建清晰知识脉络，突出重难点内在联系。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计，基础词汇练习（如“receive a letter”辨析）、语法专项（感叹句“What a cold day!”）等题型，培养语言能力与思维品质。书面表达提供写作框架及范文，助力学生提升表达能力，支持教师实施分层教学，满足不同学生复习需求。

【沪教】七下英语·Unit 7重点知识梳理+练习 ( Unit 7 Role models of our time ) 一、重点词汇梳理 1. 名词 单词 中文释义 contribution 贡献 hero 英雄 pioneer 先锋；先驱 technology 科技 engineering 工程学 education 教育 research 研究；调查 mission 使命 honour 荣誉；名誉 public 百姓； 民众 approval 赞成； 同意 praise 赞扬；称赞；赞美 society 社会 smokejumper 空降消防员 tool 工具 achievement 成就；功绩 survival 幸存 survivor 幸存者 founder 创建者 2. 动词 单词 中文释义 receive 拿到；接到；收到 award 授予；奖励 / 奖（名词） spend 花（时间） ；度过 achieve （凭长期努力）达到（某目标、地位、标准） found 建立 raise 增加；提高 admire 钦佩；仰慕 inspire 激励；鼓舞 feed 养活；提供食物 kill 杀死；导致死亡 survive 生存；存活 contribute 贡献；捐献 devote 奉献；致力于 educate 教育 3. 形容词 单词 中文释义 well-respected 受尊敬的 eager 热切的；渴望的 female 女的；女性的 regular 通常的；平常的 thick 茂密的 certain 某个；特定的 dead 失去生命的；枯萎的 brave 勇敢的；无畏的 tough 健壮的；坚韧不拔的 fit 健壮的；健康的 proud 骄傲的； 自豪的 devoted 热忱奉献的 educational 有教育意义的 admirable 令人钦佩的 social 社会的；社交的 4. 副词 单词 中文释义 otherwise 否则；不然 词汇衍生 原词 衍生词 词性/含义 ( contribute contribution n. 贡献；奉献 devote devoted / devotion adj . 热忱奉献的 / n. 奉献 achieve achievement n. 成就；成绩 education educational / educate adj . 有教育意义的 / v. 教育 admire admiration / admirable n. 钦佩；赞赏 / adj . 令人钦佩的 society social adj . 社会的；社交的 dead die / death v. 死亡 / n. 死亡 survive survivor / survival n. 幸存者 / n. 幸存 found founder n. 创建者 ) 巳 基础词汇练习 ( 1. She ______ a letter from her friend yesterday . A. received B . accepted C . get D . took 2. He ______ five years working on this project . A. spent B. took C. cost D. paid 3. Qian Xuesen ______ his life to his country . A. devoted B . gave C . spent D . took 4. We should ______ to protecting the environment . A. make a contribution B . do a contribution C . take a contribution D . have a contribution 5. The teacher ______ him for his hard work . A. praised B. prize C. price D. proud ) ( ✅ 参考答案 1. A 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. A ) 二、重点短语 英文短语 中文释义 role model 楷模；行为榜样 in the field of 在 ……领域 devote yourself to 献身；致力 college entrance examination 大学入学考试 look up to 敬仰；钦佩 sugar pill 糖丸 chief engineer 总工程师 put out 熄灭；扑灭 be able to 能够 be proud of 为 ……而自豪 hear of 听说 stop...from doing 阻止 ……做某事 further one's education 深造 do research 做研究 be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事 be eager for sth. 渴望某事（物） live a ... life 过着 ……生活 be interested in 对 ……感兴趣 make a contribution to 对 ……做出贡献 contribute to 有助于；促成 win high praise 获得高度赞扬 achieve one's dream 实现某人的梦想 put away 收拾；放妥 put off 推迟；延期 put on 穿上；上演 put down 放下；写下 put up 举起；张贴 take pride in 为 ……而自豪 θ receive vs accept 辨析： receive：客观上"收到" ，但不一定接受 accept：主观上"接受" ，反义词是refuse例句： I received an invitation to the party, but I refused to accept it. ( 例句： · In 1999, he received the " Two Bombs and One Satellite " merit award . · He studied engineering at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. · He devoted himself to his country. · She lived a simple life . · Once we land , we race to put out the fire . ) 巳 短语练习 ( 1. We all ______ our country . A. are proud of B . take pride in C . are proud at D . are proud with 2. He ______ his life to helping others . A. devoted B . gave C . spent D . took 3. We should ______ the fire quickly . A. put away B . put out C . put on D . put off 4. She ______ becoming a teacher . A. is eager to B . is eager for C . is eager at D . is eager in 5. He ______ working hard . A. devoted himself to B . is eager to C . is proud of D . is interested in ) ( ✅ 参考答案 1. A 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. A ) 三、核心考点精讲 考点1： receive vs accept 辨析 单词 含义 例句 receive 客观上收到 ，但不一定接受 I received an invitation, but didn.t accept it. accept 主观上接受 She accepted the invitation gladly. 注意： receive是被动接收；accept是主动接受 ( 考点2： spend 的用法 spend ... doing sth . 花（时间）做某事 He spent many years teaching and doing research. spend ... on sth . 在某事上花（时间/金钱） ) He spent much time on his homework. 考点3： 四大花费用法辨析 动词 主语 结构 例句 cost 物 sth. cost(s) sb. some money The bike cost me 200 yuan. spend 人 sb. spend(s) time/money on sth./doing sth. I spent an hour doing homework. pay 人 sb. pay(s) money for sth. He paid 200 yuan for the coat. take it It takes sb. some time to do sth. It took us an hour to finish the work. 考点4： hear of vs hear from 辨析 短语 含义 例句 hear of 听说；得悉 I heard of the accident yesterday. hear from 收到某人的来信 I heard from my friend last week. 考点5：found 的用法 found v. 建立 → founded（过去式）→ founded（过去分词） The People.s Republic of China was founded in 1949. founder n. 创建者 He is the founder of this company. 考点6：achieve 的用法 achieve v. 达到；实现 → achievement n. 成就；功绩 achieve one.s dream = realize one.s dream = make one.s dream come true 实现某人的梦想In order to achieve your dream, you must work harder than ever. 考点7：devote 的用法 devote oneself to ... 致力于；献身于 注意：to 是介词 ，后面加名词、代词或 v-ing Qian devoted himself to his country. devote sth. to ... 把（时间、金钱、生命等）奉献给…… She devoted five years to researching climate change. 考点8： live a ... life live a ... life 过着……生活 · live a happy/ better/ hard life 过幸福的/更好的/艰苦的生活 Qian lived a simple life. 考点9： be interested in be interested in ... 对……感兴趣 interest n. 兴趣 v. 使感兴趣 · interested adj. 感兴趣的（修饰人） · interesting adj. 有趣的（修饰物）例句： He is interested in the interesting story. 考点10：contribute 的用法 contribute v. 贡献；捐献 → contribution n. 贡献make a contribution to ... 对……做出贡献 contribute to ... 有助于；促成；对……做贡献contribute ... to ... 把……贡献给…… Even a small action can make a contribution to saving the planet. 考点11： put 相关短语辨析 短语 含义 例句 put out 熄灭；扑灭 put out the fire put away 收拾；放妥 put away your toys put off 推迟；延期 put off the meeting put on 穿上；上演 put on a drama put down 放下；写下 put down your pen put up 举起；张贴 put up a picture 考点12： stop ... from doing stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 = keep sb. from doing sth. = prevent sb. (from) doing sth. Trees can stop the wind from blowing away the earth. 考点13： be proud of vs take pride in be proud of ... 为……而自豪 take pride in ... 为……而自豪 两者可以互换 ，都表示"以……为荣" He is proud of his country. He takes pride in his country. 巳 考点专项练习 ( 1. I ______ the invitation , but I didn .t ______ it because I was busy . A. received ; accept B . accepted ; receive C . received ; receive D . accepted ; accept 2. It ______ me 15 minutes to listen to English every morning . — That . s good . It . s necessary for you to ______ some time improving your English . A. cost ; take B . spends ; take C . takes ; spend D . take ; spend 3. After ______ the Free Lunch Activity , we planned to buy fifty cartons of milk a week for this school. A. hear of B . hearing of C . hear from D . hearing from 4. You . d better ______ your cigarette . It . s non - smoking area here . A. put down B . put off C . put on D . put out ) ( ✅ 参考答案 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. B ) 5. — Are you ______ of our school? — Of course. I take ______ in the beautiful environment and the study atmosphere. A. pride; pride B. proud; pride C. pride; proud D. proud; proud 四、语法：感叹句和祈使句 1. 祈使句的定义及特征 定义： 祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、 叮嘱、邀请、劝告或祝愿等的句子。 它的特点是通常省略主语you ，以动词原形开头 ，末尾可用句号或感叹号。 常见类型： 类型 结构 例句 肯定句 动词原形(+宾语)+其他成分 Go and wash your hands. 肯定句 Be+表语(名词或形容词)+其他成分 Be quiet, please. 肯定句 Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分 Let.s go to the park. 否定句 Don.t+动词原形 Don.t believe him! 否定句 Don.t+be+名词/形容词+其他成分 Don.t be careless! 否定句 Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他成分 Let.s not go there. 否定句 No+名词/动词ing No parking! 2. 祈使句的注意点 ① 在表达请求或劝告时 可在句首或句末加please ，但是如果please加在句末 ，应用逗号将其与前面的部分隔开。 Sit down, please. / Please look after the twins. ② 为了加强语气 可以在动词前使用do Do be careful! 一定要小心！ ③ 祈使句的回答 祈使句的动作通常表示将来发生的动作 ，所以回答祈使句时 ，一般用will或won.t。 —Please remember to bring your homework here tomorrow. —Yes, I will. —Don.t look out of the window. —Sorry, I won.t. ④ 祈使句 ，and/or +结果可以转换为if从句 Hurry up, or you will be late for school. = If you don.t hurry up, you will be late for school. Study hard, and you will catch up with others. = If you study hard, you will catch up with others. 3. 感叹句的定义 定义： 表示喜、怒、乐等强烈感情时用感叹句。感叹句分为两种：一种以what引导 ，一种以how引导。句尾用感叹号"!"通常用感叹号。 转换关系： What a clever boy he is! = How clever the boy is! 4. 感叹句的构成 What型：what修饰名词或名词短语 ① What + a(an) +（形容词） +单数可数名词+主语+谓语！ What a fine day it is! What an apple this is! ② What +（形容词） +可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语！ What beautiful flowers they are! What fine weather it is! 注意： 但有些不可数名词 ，如rain, surprise, breakfast, lunch等 ，当前面有形容词修饰 ，使抽象名词具体化时 ，则要用what a/an What a heavy rain it is! What a great surprise it is! What a rich breakfast it is! How型： how修饰形容词或副词 ① How + 形容词/副词+主语+谓语！ How kind you are! How beautifully you sing! ② How + 主语+谓语！ How I missed you! 注意： 要修饰名词的形容词不能是表数量的many, much, little, few ，遇此情况要用how ，即使它们后面跟有名词How many books he has! How much money he gave her! How little money I have! How few friends he has! 比较：What a little box it is!（该little不表示数量） 5. 感叹句易错点 ① 不可数名词的误用 What exciting news!（正确） What an exciting news!（错误） ② 可数名词复数的误用 What interesting books!（正确） What an interesting books!（错误） ③ 表数量的形容词 How many books he has!（正确） What many books he has!（错误） 巳 语法专项练习 ( 1. Don .t ______ in the classroom . It . s not polite . ) A. talk loudly B. talks loudly C. talking loudly D. to talk loudly 2. ______ carefully, Mike! There.s a school ahead. A. Drive B. To drive C. Drove D. Driving 3. ______ call me Wangwang! It.s my dog.s name! A. Not B. No C. Don.t D. Doesn.t 4. Let.s go and ______ the new baby elephant! A. seeing B. see C. saw D. to see 5. ______ cold day! —Yes, it is. You should wear more clothes. A. What a B. What C. How D. How a 6. ______ beautiful place it is! A. How a B. What C. What a D. How 7. ______ exciting news! We will have a two-month holiday after the final exam. A. What an B. How an C. What D. How 8. ______ bad weather it is! We will have to stay at home. A. How a B. How C. What D. What a 9. ______ interesting this book is! I enjoy reading it very much. A. How an B. What an C. How D. What 10. ______ wonderful the music is! A. What B. How C. What a D. How a ✅ 参考答案 1. A 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. C 8. C 9. C 10. B 五、易混点辨析 易混点 用法区别 例句 receive / accept receive（客观上收到） I received an invitation. accept（主观上接受） I accepted the invitation. cost / spend / pay / take cost（物作主语） The bike cost me 200 yuan. spend（人作主语） I spent an hour doing homework. pay（人作主语） I paid 200 yuan for the coat. take（it作主语） It took me an hour to finish the work. hear of / hear from hear of（听说） I heard of the accident. hear from（收到来信） I heard from my friend. achieve one's dream / realize one's dream / make one's dream come true 三个短语意思相同 实现某人的梦想 用法一致 achieve your dream devote oneself to / devote sth. to devote oneself to（致力于） devote himself to his country devote sth. to（奉献） devote five years to research be interested in / interesting interested（修饰人） He is interested in the story. interesting（修饰物） It's an interesting story. put out / put away / put off / put on / put down / put up put out（熄灭） put out the fire put away（收拾） put away toys put off（推迟） put off the meeting put on（穿上） put on a coat put down（放下） put down your pen put up（张贴） put up a picture stop...from doing / keep...from doing / prevent...from doing 三者意思相同 阻止某人做某事 用法一致 stop the wind from blowing be proud of / take pride in be proud of I am proud of my country. take pride in I take pride in my country. 六、书面表达：写一篇关于你最钦佩的人的文章 写作要点： 1. Who is he/she? What does he/she do? 2. What makes him/her respectable? 3. How has he/she inspired you? 常用句型： 开头： · Good morning, everyone! Today, I would like to share with you the most inspiring person in my heart. · The person I admire most is... 主体： · He/She is a dedicated/ perseverant/ selfless person. · He/She devoted his/her life to... · Despite limited resources, he/she overcame countless difficulties. · His/Her selflessness and determination inspire me deeply. · He/She taught me that challenges can be overcome with hard work and courage.结尾： · He/She is my role model. · His/Her spirit encourages me to pursue my dreams. · Let.s take action and make his/her spirit live on! 范文示例： Good morning, everyone! Today, I would like to share with you the most inspiring person in my heart — Huang Xuhua, father of China.s nuclear submarines. Huang Xuhua was a dedicated scientist who devoted his life to developing China.s first nuclear submarine. Despite limited resources, he and his team overcame countless difficulties through perseverance and independent research. Even after success, he continued working to improve technology, winning "Medal of the Republic" in 2019. His selflessness and determination inspire me deeply. He taught me that challenges can be overcome with hard work and courage. Whenever I face difficulties, I remember his story and push forward. Huang Xuhua is my role model. His spirit encourages me to pursue my dreams and contribute to our country.s future. Let.s take action and make his spirit live on! That.s all. Thank you for listening! 巳 单元综合测试 1. At last, the poor old man was ______. But people didn.t know the reason of his ______. A. died, death B. dead, death C. dead, die D. death, dead 2. What ______ useful advice you gave me yesterday! A. a B. an C. the D. / 3. — Peter always wins ______ praise from all the teachers and classmates, but he never shows off. — I agree. He is so modest. ( ✅ 参考答案 1. B 2. D 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. A ) A. low B. expensive C. cheap D. high ( 4. — What ______ we were having at the party ! A. wonderful time B . a wonderful time C . wonderful times D . a wonderful times ) ( 5. ______ unforgettable the summer camp on Lucky Island is ! A. How B . What C . What a D . What an ) ( 6. Please ______ your homework first after school . A. do B . does C . did D . doing ) 祝同学们学习进步！榜样力量，激励成长！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $