Unit 4重点知识梳理+练习 2025-2026学年沪教版英语七年级下册

该初中英语讲义以Unit 4 "Our animal friends"为主题，通过分类表格系统梳理重点词汇（分名词、动词、形容词、副词）、核心短语及语法（反身代词、方位介词），结合对比辨析表格（如arrive/reach/get to、asleep/sleepy）呈现知识脉络，突出重难点的内在逻辑联系。 讲义亮点在于分层练习体系，从基础词汇练习（如形容词辨析题）、短语专项（如arrive相关用法选择）到语法应用（反身代词填空），逐步提升语言能力。易混点辨析（如somewhere/anywhere）和书面表达范文（含写作要点与常用句型），培养思维品质与学习策略，助力不同层次学生巩固基础或深化理解，为教师精准教学提供系统支持。

【新沪教】七下英语·Unit 4重点知识梳理+练习 ( Unit 4 Our animal friends ) 一、重点词汇梳理 1. 名词 单词 音标 词性 中文释义 dolphin /'dD lfɪn/ n. 海豚 hen /hen/ n. 母鸡 wool /wul/ n. （羊等的）毛 sir /s3:(r)/ n. 先生 receptionist /rɪ 'sepʃΘnɪst/ n. 接待员 smoke /smΘuk/ n. 烟 fireman /'faɪΘmΘn/ n. 消防队员 type /taɪp/ n. 类型；种类 search-and-rescue /'s3:tʃ ænd 'reskju:/ n. 搜索救援 service /'s3:vɪs/ n. 服务 disaster /dɪ 'zɑ:stΘ(r)/ n. 灾难；灾害 guest /ɡest/ n. 旅客；房客 team /ti:m/ n. 组；班 honey /'hΛni/ n. 蜂蜜 material /mΘ 'tɪΘriΘl/ n. 材料；原料 source /s0:s/ n. 来源； 出处 effort /'efΘt/ n. 艰难的尝试；试图 2. 动词 单词 音标 中文释义 allow /Θ'lau/ 允许进入（或出去、通过） apologize /Θ 'pD lΘd3aɪz/ 道歉 transport /træn 'sp0:t/ 运输；运送 guard /ɡɑ:d/ 守卫；保卫 3. 形容词 单词 音标 中文释义 blind /blaɪnd/ 瞎的；失明的 asleep /ə 's li:p/ 睡着的 scared /skeəd/ 害怕；恐惧 grey /ɡ reɪ/ 灰色的 extinct /ɪk'stɪŋkt/ 已灭绝的；绝种的 4. 副词 单词 音标 中文释义 either /'aɪðə(r)/ 也 somewhere /'sΛmweə(r)/ 在某处；到某处 probably /'prɒbəbli/ 很可能；大概 sometime /'sΛmtaɪm/ 在某时 巳 基础词汇练习 ( 1. He is ______ and needs help . A. blind B . blindness C . blindly D . blinding 2. The baby is ______ in the bed . A. asleep B . sleeping C . sleep D . slept 3. The girl is ______ of the dark . A. scare B . scared C . scary D . scares 4. Some animals are ______ now . A. extinct B . extinction C . extinguished D . extincing 5. The ______ saved the people from the fire . A. firemans B . firemen C . fire man D . fire ' s men 6. I ______ to the teacher for my mistake . A. apologize B . apologizing C . apologized D . apologizes 7. We need to ______ the injured to hospital . A. transport B . transporting C . transportation D . transported 8. The dog ______ the house . A. guard B . guards C . guarded D . guarding ) ( 9. There are many ______ of birds . A. types B . type C . typing D . typed 10. We should ______ smoking . A. give up B . give out C . give off D . give in ✅ 参考答案 1. A 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. A 9 . A 10. A ) 二、重点短语 英文短语 中文释义 lead (somebody) to 带着（某人）到 fall asleep 入睡； 睡着 wake up 醒来 by oneself 独自；靠自己 get around 四处走动 with one's help 在某人的帮助下 arrive at 到达 either... or... 或者...或者 get down 俯身；趴下；跪下 fire engine 消防车 put out 扑灭 find out 发现 ，查明 catch one's attention 引起某人注意 before long 不久之后 turn into 变成 used to 过去常常 as soon as 一...就... after a while 一会儿后 allow s b. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 climb out of... 爬出 … … an important source of... ……的重要来源 choose to do sth. 选择做某事 θ 重点辨析： arrive, reach, get to 辨析： • arrive（不及物动词） + in（大地点）/at（小地点） • reach（及物动词） + 直接宾语 • get to + 地点副词（here, there, home等不用介词） θ 重点辨析： asleep vs sleepy 辨析： • asleep（睡着的 ，表语）fall asleep 入睡 • sleepy（困倦的 ，表语）feel sleepy 犯困 例句： • The receptionist apologized and led John to his room. • I'm blind, and it's hard for me to get around by myself. • He fell asleep soon after he went to bed. • John woke up and smelt smoke. • With Charlie's help, John put some wet clothes along the door. 巳 短语练习 ( 1. When will you ______ Beijing ? A. arrive B . reach C . get to D . arriving 2. We ______ school one hour ago . A. arrived B . reached C . got to D . get 3. When I ______ home yesterday , I called my mom . A. arrived B . got C . reached D . arrive 4. The boy is ______ in the bed . A. sleep B . asleep C . sleeping D . slept 5. I feel ______ because I stayed up late . A. asleep B . sleepy C . sleep D . sleeping 6. The baby ______ soon after drinking milk . A. fell asleep B . felt sleepy C . went sleep D . slept 7. Please don .t ______ me . I didn . t sleep well last night . A. wake up B . wake C . waking up D . woke up 8. We should ______ to our parents when we do something wrong . A. apologize B . say sorry C . apology D . apologizes 9. The teacher ______ us to the museum . ) ( A. led B. leaded C. leading D . leads 10. You can ______ contact him by phone or by email . A. neither ; nor B . either ; or C . both ; and D . all ; and ✅ 参考答案 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. A 9 . A 10. B ) 三、核心考点精讲 考点1：arrive in(at)/reach/get to 辨析 动词 含义与用法 例句 arrive 不及物动词 ，后接地点名词时用介词in（大地点）或at（小地点） He arrived at the station. reach 及物动词 ，后接地点名词（不用介词） Finally we reached the top. get to 相当于arrive in/at或reach ，后接地点名词 We got to school one hour ago. 注意：arrive, get后接地点副词（here, there, home等）不用介词 考点2：allow 的用法 allow doing sth. 允许做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 be (not) allowed to do sth. （不）被允许做某事例句： · The library doesn.t allow talking too loud. · Do your parents allow you to go out at midnight? · I am allowed to play games after I finish my homework. 考点3： by oneself 的用法 by oneself 独自；靠自己（alone or independently） 例句： · I.m blind, and it.s hard for me to get around by myself. · My sister can cook different kinds of food by herself. · We enjoy cooking so much that we always make food by ourselves. 考点4：apologize 的用法 apologize to sb. 向某人道歉 = make an apology to sb. apologize for sth./doing sth. 因（做）某事而道歉 apologize to sb. for sth./doing sth. 因（做）某事向某人道歉例句： · You should apologize to that old man. · He apologized for his rude behavior. · I must apologize to you for the delay. 考点5： lead...to 的用法 lead sb. to sp. 带某人去某地 = take sb. to sp. lead to 导致 例句： · The receptionist led John and Charlie to their room. · The guide led us to the Great Wall. · His carelessness led to the traffic accident. 考点6：asleep vs sleepy 辨析 单词 含义 用法 asleep 睡着的 用作表语。例 ：fall asleep 入睡 sleepy 昏昏欲睡的； 困倦的 用作表语。例 ：feel sleepy 犯困 拓展：go to bed / go(get) to sleep / fall asleep · go to bed：去睡觉（动作） · go/get to sleep：入睡（动作） · fall asleep： 刚入睡（动作） 考点7：wake up 的用法 wake（过去式：woke）v. 醒来（不及物） ； 叫醒（及物） 例句： · I woke up at dawn. · Can you wake me up at 6 AM? 考点8： both...and... / either...or... / neither...nor... 短语 含义 用法 both...and... 两者都；既…又… 连接两个并列成分 ，主语用复数形式 either...or... 或者 在两个选项中做出选择 ，就近原则 neither...nor... 既不…也不… 就近原则 考点9： somewhere / anywhere / everywhere / nowhere 单词 含义 用法 somewhere 在某处；在某处 用于肯定句 anywhere 在任何地方 用于疑问、否定句中 everywhere 各个地方；各处 到处 ，处处 nowhere 无处； 哪里都不 任何地方都找不到 考点10： sometime / sometimes / some time / some times 单词 含义 用法 sometime 在某个时候 副词 ，可与将来/过去时连用 sometimes 有时； 时不时 频度副词 ( some time 一段时间 名词词组 some times 几次；几倍 名词词组 ) 巳 考点专项练习 ( 1. When ______ you arrive in Yangzhou ? A. will B . do C . did D . are 2. We ______ the top of the mountain finally . A. arrived B . reached C . got to D . arrive 3. The library doesn . t allow ______ too loud . A. talk B . to talk C . talking D . talks 4. My parents don . t allow me ______ computer games on weekdays . A. play B . to play C . playing D . plays 5. I should not be allowed ______ here . A. smoke B . to smoke C . smoking D . smokes 6. You should ______ to your teacher when you make mistakes . A. apologize B . say sorry C . apologizes D . apology 7. He apologized ______ breaking the glass . A. for B. at C. as D. of 8. I. m very ______. I want to go to bed . A. asleep B . sleepy C . sleep D . sleeping 9. He ______ asleep when there was a loud knock . A. fell B . fall C . felt D . feels 10. ______ you or he will join the match . A. Either B . Both C . Neither D . Neither or ) ( ✅ 参考答案 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. A ) 四、语法：反身代词和方位介词 语法一：反身代词 一、定义 反身代词是一种表示反射或强调的代词。 它与所指代的名词或代词在人称、性质、数上保持一致。 二、构成 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 myself ourselves 第二人称 yourself yourselves 第三人称 himself/herself/itself themselves 三、用法 用法 例句 作宾语 We should learn to look after ourselves. 作主语或宾语的同位语 Mr. Li himself is a doctor. 作表语 I'm not myself today. 用于固定短语 enjoy oneself / help oneself to... / by oneself 语法二：方位介词 介词 意义或用法 例句 in 在某地（大地方） China is in Asia. at 在某地（小地点） He arrived at the station. on 在...上面（接触） There are some bananas on the table. over 在...上面（不接触 ，正上方） A bird is flying over the river. above 在...上方、高于 My office is above the bank. under 在...下面（正下方） There is a cat under the bed. below 在...下面（低于） The temperature drops below 0°C. beside/next to 在...旁边 Who is sitting beside you? between 在两者之间 He sits between Jack and me. among 在三者或以上之间 It's hard to find him among so many people. through 穿过（从内部穿过） Go through the park. across 横过（从表面跨过） Walk across the street. behind 在...后面 There is a dog behind the door. in front of 在...前面（外部） There is a tree in front of my house. in the front of 在...前面（内部） He sits in the front of the classroom. towards 向 ，朝着 She pushed the cup towards me. θ 辨析： in/on/to ( in ：在区域内 Beijing is in the north of China . on ：接壤 Canada is on the north of America . to ：相隔 Japan is to the east of China . ) 巳 语法专项练习 ( 1. My boy , you should make your bed by ______. A. myself B . yourself C . himself D . herself 2. David is happy because his little daughter can brush her teeth ______. A. she B . hers C . her D . herself 3. Those kids used some wooden sticks to build a castle ______. A. they B . them C . their D . themselves 4. Girls , help ______ to some fish because it . s good for you . A. yourself B . yourselves C . herself D . ourselves 5. — Did Kangkang enjoy ______ with his friends at the party ? — Of course . A. himself B . yourself C . themselves D . ourselves 6. I can . t see the words on the blackboard because there is a tall boy ______ me . A. next to B . across C . in front of D . behind 7. Look ! There is a bridge ______ the river . A. across ; cross B . over ; cross C . across ; across D . over ; across 8. The monkey is ______ the tree . A. on B. in C. at D. to 9. — What a beautiful day ! Why not take a walk ______ the beach ? — Sounds great ! A. through B . across C . along D . past 10. Shanghai is ______ the east of China and ____ __ the west of Japan . A. in; in B. to; to C. in; to D. to; in ) ( ✅ 参考答案 1. B 2. D 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. C ) 五、易混点辨析 易混点 用法区别 例句 arrive, reach, get to arrive（不及物） + in(at) He arrived at the station. reach（及物） + 宾语 Finally we reached the top. get to + 地点名词 We got to school. asleep / sleepy asleep（睡着的 ，表语） He fell asleep. sleepy（困倦的 ，表语） I feel sleepy. both...and / either...or / neither...nor both...and（两者都 ，谓语用复数） Both she and I are good. either...or（或者 ，就近原则） Either you or he is right. neither...nor（既不...也不 ，就近原则） Neither you nor she is wrong. somewhere / anywhere / everywhere / nowhere somewhere（某处 ，肯定句） It must be somewhere here. anywhere（任何地方 ，疑问/否定句） I can't find it anywhere. everywhere（到处） Technology is everywhere. nowhere（无处） My book is nowhere. sometime / sometimes / some time / some times sometime（某时 ，副词） He was here sometime last year. sometimes（有时 ，频度副词） Sometimes I go to the library. some time（一段时间） I stayed here for some time. some times（几次） I have warned him some times. too / also / as well / either too（也 ，肯定句末 ，有逗号） I like reading, too. also（还 ，句中 ， be动词/助动词后） He is also a writer. as well（也 ，肯定句末 ，无逗号） She loves singing as well. either（也 ，否定句末 ，有逗号） I don't like coffee, either. 六、书面表达：我的动物朋友 ( 写作要点： 1. 介绍你想拥有什么动物朋友 ) ( 2. 说明选择这个动物作为朋友的原因 3. 描述你们可以一起做的事情 4. 表达你与动物朋友的感情 5. 总结全文 ) 常用句型： 开头： · I want to have a...as my animal friend. · Everyone has their own animal friends.描述动物： · It is cute and funny. · It is smart and friendly. · It has...（描述外貌或特点）选择原因： · I choose it because... · The reason why I want...一起做的事： · We can play together. · We can go for a walk. · We can have fun together.表达感情： · I love it very much. · It.s my best friend. · We are happy together.结束： · I hope to have it one day. · It will be great to have an animal friend. 范文示例： My animal friend I want to have a penguin as my animal friend. Penguins are so cute and funny. They walk in a silly way and they are good swimmers. I think it will be very interesting to have a penguin friend. There are many reasons why I want a penguin as my friend. First, penguins are very lovely. They have black and white feathers and look like they are wearing suits. Second, they are smart animals. They can learn things quickly. Third, they are friendly and kind. They always help each other. If I have a penguin friend, we can do many things together. We can play in the snow and go swimming in the cold water. We can also eat fish together. I believe we will have a lot of fun. I love penguins very much. They are not only cute but also smart. I hope someday I can really have a penguin friend. I.m sure it will be the best friendship in the world! 巳 单元综合测试 1. When will you ______ in Paris? A. arrive B. reach C. get to D. arriving 2. The library doesn.t allow ______ books. ( ✅ 参考答案 1. A 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. A 10. B ) A. to take B. taking C. take D. takes ( 3. You should ______ to your teacher . A. apologize B . apologizes C . apologizing D . apology ) ( 4. I. m very ______ now . A. asleep B . sleepy C . sleep D . sleeping ) ( 5. ______ you or she will join the game . A. Either B . Both C . Neither D . Neither or ) ( 6. I put my bag ______ in the bedroom . But now I can . t find it . A. somewhere B . anywhere C . everywhere D . nowhere ) ( 7. We . ll take a holiday ______ in August . A. sometime B . sometimes C . some time D . some times ) ( 8. I ______ to my teacher for not finishing the exercises . A. apologize B . say sorry C . apologize to D . apology ) ( 9. The tour guide ______ tourists to a wonderful place . A. led B . lead C . leads D . leading ) ( 10. He ______ to his mom for breaking the glass cup . A. apologize B . apologized C . apologizes D . apologizing ) 祝同学们学习进步！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $