UNIT 3 Section IV 写作指导-【成才之路·练案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步新课程学习指导(人教版)

练案[12] UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Section IV 写作指导 I.阅读理解 agreed to buy millions of gallons of its fuel in the (2025·昭通市高二年级开学考) coming years."The company manager says, In 2019,Air Company gained public attention"However,to get to those large industrial markets when it produced vodka()from carbon in like aircraft fuel,traditionally known as the hottest the air,in order to reduce the amount of the industry to get green,is a long way to go.It's going harmful greenhouse gas in the atmosphere.Today,to take time,money and effort." the company has begun using the same process to1.What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? make fuel for airplanes. A.Air Company only focuses on vodka production. Air Company's clean aircraft fuel,which was B.The airline industry has already achieved net recently tested,could someday help the airline zero carbon emissions. industry achieve its goal of net zero carbon C.Air Company's clean fuel might help the emissions()by 2050.Currently,the airline airline industry cut carbon emissions. industry accounts for about 3%of total global D.The airline industry causes most of the global carbon emissions each year,and mainly uses carbon emissions. traditional,fossil-based fuels. 2.What does the underlined word“harvests”in A number of producers of clean aircraft fuel Paragraph 4 mean? have come out in recent years,many of whom use A.Plants. B.Collects. something like plant material and cooking oil.But C.Destroys. D.Burns. Air Company's production process starts by pulling 3.How does Air Company's fuel contribute to the harmful carbon emissions out of the air. carbon cycle when used in airplanes? The company first harvests carbon,mostly A.It releases more CO2 than it captures. from industrial settings.It then takes water, B.It eliminates all carbon emissions from separates the hydrogen from the oxygen,and puts airplanes. the carbon together with the hydrogen and other C.It increases the overall carbon footprint of the mixtures.After that,it distills()that solution airline industry. down.The final products are ethyl alcohol()D.It balances out the CO,taken from the to make the company's vodka and other products atmosphere to produce the fuel. such as perfume,as well as paraffin,which forms 4.What is the main challenge for Air Company in the basis of its aircraft fuel. the large industrial aircraft fuel market? By the time a plane has flown using Air A.Lack of technical knowledge. Company's fuel,it will have given off the same B.Over-saturation of the clean fuel market. amount of carbon dioxide (CO2)back into the C.The high cost and time-consuming process to atmosphere as was acquired to make the fuel. meet market demands. "Already,some of the world's biggest airlines D.Rejection from the traditional airline industry. are supporting Air Company's dream.They have Ⅱ.语法填空 Scientists believe there could be life on the planet Venus,or at least in the clouds above it.They have discovered a mysterious gas there,but they have not been able to provide an 1. (explain) for it.This gas,2 is commonly found where there is life,can also 3. (produce)in factories.However,there are no factories on Venus.So why is this gas there,50 kilometers up from the planet's surface? 149 Prof.Jane Greaves from Cardiff University,UK,together with other scientists,4. (try)to solve this mystery at present.They have published a paper 5. (outline)their findings and done some work 6. (determine)the gas doesn't originate from life.Despite their efforts,they have not reached a conclusion. No one has yet been able to say how the gas can be there without living things to create it."I have devoted my entire career 7. searching for extraterrestrial(地球外的)life,”said Prof.Greaves, “s08. idea that we might have found a sign of life on Venus is exciting.But we are encouraging others to contribute their ideas and help us identify 9. we may have missed. The scientists are also investigating the possibility that the gas could be a byproduct of geological processes,but 10. (far)research is needed to confirm this. Ⅲ.读后续写 At first we didn't know how to respond.We 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头had long since forgotten about the model fire trucks 语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 at the fire hall!Apparently Henry had not.His dad It was October and we were attending the fire cleared his throat."Well,that is a good idea,but hall's open house with our five-year-old son Henry.they don't really have time to play with toys because He was especially drawn to the collection of model they are too busy keeping us safe during the fire trucks in the large glass display case.The holiday,just like those policemen and doctors. firefighters were more than happy to answer his Henry became very serious.He knew his dad many questions about each piece of equipment.was right.Being a firefighter was a very "When do you get to play with those?"Henry important job. asked the accompanying firefighter. 注意： The firefighter hid his amusement and 1.续写词数应为150左右； pretended to be serious as he answered."We don't 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 get to play with them.The chief keeps them locked "Or maybe we can bring them something away in that box. else..."Henry murmured to himself. Henry was lost in thought as we walked home that evening. With colder weather setting in,our thoughts turned to the upcoming New Year's Day.It was important to us to educate Henry about the true spirit of New Year celebration.The last thing we wanted was our kid seeing the festival as merely a time to receive love and gifts. We sat Henry down and explained that there were many children that didn't have toys to play I posted those photos online. with.Some children didn't have their mommy or dad for company during the festival because their parents were busy doing their jobs when we were on holiday.We explained that every one of us can be of some help to those in need. Henry's eyes shone！“Can we take presents to the firefighters?They aren't allowed to play with all those fire trucks!We can take them toys to play with on New Year's Day!" 1509.A考查名词词义辨析。句意：她不尊重我的隐私。A.privacy 隐私；B.performance表现；C.work工作；D.idea想法。根据上 文“with her for taking my picture'”以及“She had no respect for y”可知，女人给作者拍了照，是不尊重隐私的表现。故选A。 10.C考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是很快我就平静下来了， 因为我知道她并不是完全错误的。A.tough艰难的；B.polite 礼貌的；C.wong不正确的；D.capable能够的。根据后文“I made no decision to drive away without leaving a note,but that idea did flash across my mind.(我没有决定不留下字条就开 车离开，但这个想法确实在我脑海中闪过。)”可知，女人拍下 作者撞到别人车的做法并不是完全不正确的，因为作者确实 想过不负责就离开。故选C。 11.A考查介词短语辨析。句意：天很黑，除了她没有人在看 A.apart from除了…之外；B.in addition to此外，除…之 外（还）；C.instead of作为…的替代；D.in spite of尽管。根 据后文“her no one was watching'”指除了女人，没有其他人看 到发生了什么。故选A。 12.C考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们都有自私的欲望。A. talents才能；B.energies精力；C.desires欲望，渴望；D. approaches方法。根据上文“I made no decision to drive away without leaving a note,but that idea did flash across my mind. (我没有决定不留下字条就开车离开，但这个想法确实在我 脑海中闪过。)”指每个人都有自私的欲望。故选C。 13.A考查动词词义辨析。句意：重要的不是思想，而是我们用 思想做了什么。A.counts重要；B.agrees同意；C.responds回 答；D.happens发生。根据上文“It is not the thought but what we do with it that”可知，真正重要的是用思想做了什么事情。 故选A。 14.B考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一种承担责任的承诺，一 种相互关怀的承诺，一种为使这个世界变得更美好而考虑更 大利益的承诺。A.time时间；B.responsibility责任；C.part部 分；D.chances机会。根据上文“It is the commitment to take'” 以及后文“Eventually,I left a/anl5 with my name and phone number under the wiper blade of the Jeep.”可知，最后作 者选择留下自己的信息给车主，说明了承担责任。故选B。 15.D考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，我在吉普车的雨刮器下 留下了我的名字和电话号码。A.bag包；B.coin硬币；C. picture图片；D.note便条。根据后文“with my name and phone number under the wiper blade of the Jeep”可知，f作者最 后还是给车主留了便条，留下了自己的信息。故选D。 V.语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了河流对人们 的生活有重要作用，随着城市规模的扩大，河流受到了严重的污 染，所有国家应该行动起来保护河流。 l.are located考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语Many of the world's great cities和locate之间是被动关系，句子描述客 观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语是复数。故填are located。 2.flowing考查非谓语动词。river和flow之间是主动关系，应 用现在分词作后置定语。故填flowing。 3.an考查冠词。play a part in表示“在…中起作用”， important的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。 4.have used考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语 Since the beginning of history可知，应用现在完成时，主语 people是复数，助动词用have。故填have used。. 5.longest考查形容词的最高级。句意：密西西比河是美国最 长的河流，在历史上对美国人民产生了巨大的影响。根据设 空前的the可知，此处应用形容词的最高级longest,表示“最长 的”。故填longest。 6.great山y考查副词。设空处应用副词修饰动词influenced, greatly意为“极大地”。故填greatly。 19 7.to drink考查非谓语动词。句意：河流为沿岸居民提供淡水 饮用、种植作物、发电和娱乐的机会。设空处应用不定式作后 置定语。故填to drink。 8.who考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，从句中缺少主 语，先行词those指人，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 9.With考查介词。根据the cites growing in size可知，此处是 with的复合结构，位于句首，单词首字母应大写。故填With。 10.decisions考查名词复数。decision是可数名词，其前无限定 词修饰，应用复数。故填decisions。 VI.One possible version: NOTICE With the purpose of raising the awareness of taking physical exercise and protecting the environment,a plogging activity will be held by Students'Union. As scheduled,the activity is to be held at Xihu Park at 9 a.m.on October Ist,lasting approximately two hours.Whoever has a passion for it is warmly welcome to participate in.While you are jogging,not only can it build up your body but also helps to pick up the rubbish around,which will definitely contribute to low-carbon lifestyle.It is suggested that you wear a pair of comfortable sneakers,and it is convenient to have a garbage bag with you. Looking forward to your participation.Your effort really counts！ Students'Union 练案[12] 语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Ar Company开发清洁航空燃料以减少航空业碳排放的相关情况。 l.C细节理解题。根据第一段“n2019,Air Company gained public attention when it produced vodka(伏特加)from carbon in the air,in order to reduce the amount of the harmful greenhouse gas in the atmosphere.Today,the company has begun using the same process to make fuel for airplanes.(2019 Air Company 从空气中的碳中生产出伏特加，以减少大气中有害温室气体 的含量，从而引起了公众的关注。如今，该公司已经开始使用 同样的工艺来制造飞机燃料。)”和第二段“Air Company's clean aircraft fuel,which was recently tested,could someday help the airline industry achieve its goal of net zero carbon emissions (排放)by2O50.(Air Company最近测试的清洁航空燃料有朝 一日可以帮助航空业实现到2050年碳净零排放的目标。)”可 知，Air Company不仅生产伏特加，还开始生产清洁航空燃料， 且其清洁燃料可能有助于航空业减少碳排放。故选C。 2.B词义猜测题。根据下文“It then takes water,separates the hydrogen from the oxygen,and puts the carbon together with the hydrogen and other mixtures.(然后，它取水，将氢从氧中分离出 来，并将碳与氢以及其他物质混合。)”可知，该公司首先从工 业环境中收集碳。由此可知，harvests意为“收集”。故选B。 3.D细节理解题。根据第五段“By the time a plane has flown using Air Company's fuel,it will have given off the same amount of carbon dioxide(CO,)back into the atmosphere as was acquired to make the fuel..(当飞机使用Air Company的燃料飞行时，它 向大气中排放的二氧化碳量与制造燃料时所获取的二氧化碳 量相同。)”可知，Air Company的燃料在使用时，会平衡为生产 燃料而从大气中吸收的二氧化碳。故选D。 4.C细节理解题。根据最后一段“However,to get to those large industrial markets like aircraft fuel,traditionally known as the hottest industry to get green,is a long way to go.It's going to take time,money and effort.(然而，要进人像飞机燃料这样的大型 工业市场（传统上被认为是实现绿色化的最热门行业）还有 很长的路要走。这需要时间、金钱和努力。)”可知，在大型工 业航空燃料市场，Air Company面临的主要挑战是满足市场需 求的高成本和耗时的过程。故选C。 Ⅱ. 语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家 们在金星上发现了神秘气体，并对其来源进行了初步推测和研 究，但尚未得出结论，鼓励其他科学家贡献想法，帮助确认可能 遗漏的信息。 l.explanation考查名词。句意：他们在那里发现了一种神秘的 气体，但却无法对其作出解释。空处为名词形式担当宾语，不 定冠词an提示用其单数形式，explain的名词形式是 explanation。故填explanation。 2.which考查定语从句。句意：这种气体通常在有生命存在的 地方被发现，同时也能在工厂中产生。空处为定语从句的关 系词；先行词为“This gas”,在非限制性定语从句中担当主语 用关系代词which引导。故填which。 3.be produced考查动词的语态。句意：这种气体通常在有生 命存在的地方被发现，同时也能在工厂中产生。空处为谓语 动词，情态动词后用动词原形：主语为“This gas”和动词 “produce”之间为被动关系。故填be produced。 4.is trying考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：英国卡迪夫大 学的Jane Greaves教授和其他科学家目前正试图解开这个谜 团。空处为本句谓语动词；根据“at present'”可知，本句时态为 现在进行时；主语为“Pof.Jane Greaves'”单数，和动词“try”之 间为主动关系。故填is tryingo 5.outlining考查非谓语动词。句意：他们发表了一篇阐述其研 究发现的论文，并开展了一些工作来确定这种气体并非源自 生命。空处为非谓语动词担当后置定语；被修饰词“a paper' 和动词“outline”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填 outlining. 6.to determine考查非谓语动词。句意：他们发表了一篇阐述 其研究发现的论文，并开展了一些工作来确定这种气体并非 源自生命。空处为非谓语动词担当目的状语，用动词不定式 形式。故填to determine。 7.o考查固定短语。句意：“我把整个职业生涯都奉献给了对 外星生命的探索，”Greaves教授说，“所以，我们可能已经在金 星上发现了生命迹象的这一想法令人兴奋。但我们也鼓励其 他人贡献出他们的想法，帮助我们找出可能遗漏的东西。”固 定短语：devote..to..,意为“把…投人到…中去”，符合 句意。故填to。 8.the考查冠词。句意：“我把整个职业生涯都奉献给了对外 星生命的探索，”Greaves教授说，“所以，我们可能已经在金星 上发现了生命迹象的这一想法令人兴奋。但我们也鼓励其他 人贡献出他们的想法，帮助我们找出可能遗漏的东西。”“that we might have found a sign of life on Venus”是同位语从句，说 明idea的具体内容，空格处应用定冠词the表特指。故填the。 9.what考查宾语从句。句意：“我把整个职业生涯都奉献给了 对外星生命的探索，”Greaves教授说，“所以，我们可能已经在 金星上发现了生命迹象的这一想法令人兴奋。但我们也鼓励 其他人贡献出他们的想法，帮助我们找出可能遗漏的东西。” 空处为宾语从句的引导词：宾语从句中缺少宾语，指代事情， 用what引导。故填what。 10.further考查形容词的比较级。句意：科学家们也在研究这 种气体可能是地质过程副产品的可能性，但这需要进一步的 研究来证实。根据句意可知，空处为形容词比较级形式，意 为“进一步的”。故填further。 198 Ill.One possible version: "Or maybe we can bring them something else..."Henry murmured to himself.He tilted his head with a frown of concentration as if racking his brain for a good idea.Suddenly his eyes shone again as he exclaimed in excitement,"Let's bring them my favorite lollipops!"My husband exchanged amused glances with me and smilingly nodded his approval.Then following Henry's lead,we started stocking up on lollipops with various flavors.In the process,Henry came up with more gift ideas,with chocolates,hand-made cookies and greeting cards finding their way into our gift list.On New Year's Day,we set off for the fire hall,where Henry was greeted with a warm welcome. Laughter and warmth filling the hall,I took out my cellphone to capture the memorable moment. I posted those photos online.Much to my surprise,the photos soon went viral.Henry was showered with praise for his consideration for others.There were post after post expressing appreciation of our deed and determination to do the same.It didn't take long before we found photos and videos of people carrying out the campaign in their own cities.In one video,a family was sharing lunch with some nurses when an urgent case arose.Despite the unfinished dinner,the nurses dashed without any hesitation to the emergency room.The caption read,"There is no walking on sunshine except someone managing to crack a silver lining in the clouds.Indeed,those with selfless devotion to duty deserve our kindness and gratitude 语篇导读：本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者带儿子 参加消防大厅的开放日活动时，儿子亨利看见大玻璃陈列柜 里的消防车模型，消防员假意说他们不被允许玩那个模型， 这让亨利沉思。在新年来临时，作者告诉亨利还有很多孩子 没有玩具玩儿，亨利想到了消防员不能玩消防车模型，他想 给消防员送玩具，作者的丈夫告诉亨利消防员没有时间玩玩 具，他们要保护人们的安全，这让亨利了解到消防员是很重 要的工作。 写作指导： 1.段落续写： (1)由第一段首句内容“‘或者我们可以给他们带点别 的东西…’亨利喃喃自语。”可知，第一段可描写亨利给消 防员准备了什么礼物和去送礼物的情形。 (2)由第二段首句内容“我把那些照片发到网上了。”可 知，第二段可描写这些照片引起了什么反响以及作者的 感悟。 2.续写线索：想出好主意一一作者赞同儿子的想法 准备礼物—送礼物—照片被疯传—亨利被赞扬一 很多人效仿—感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 (I)大声说：exclaim/shout (2)赞同：nod one's approval/nod in approval (3)出发：set off/set out 情绪类 (I)兴奋：excitement/hrill (2)惊奇：surprise/astonishment/amazement 感激：gratitude/thankfulness 练案[13] I.1.belongings 2.envious 3.perseverance 4.endurance 5.qualified 6.enthusiastically 7.assignment 8.abandoned 9.thoroughly 10.down I.1.It happened that 2.too excited to speak