动词专项 情态动词-2025-2026学年初中英语语法重难点精讲（全国版）

全国版动词专项 【寒假专版】 情态动词精讲 寒假专版 【语法专题】情态动词专项突破 初中全国版动词专项 语法精讲 语法概述：情态动词：can/could(能力/请求)、may/might(许可/推测)、must/should(义务/建议)、 情态动词+have done(表过去推测/责备)-表示说话人的语气或态度（如能力、请求、许可、推 测、义务、建议等)的动词，在句中不能单独作谓语，需与动词原形或have done连用。 一、重难点讲解 重难点一：cam/could的用法区别（能力/请求）讲解： cn表示现在的能力或客观可能性，could表示过去的能力或委婉请求（语气比can更客气）。在请 求时，could可用于现在时，但回答需用can。 She can speak three languages.(现在能力) My grandfather could swim across the river when he was young.(过去能力) Could you please pass me the book?(委婉请求，回答用Sure,Ican.) 真题再现： 1.(2024全国版八年级期末)一you play the piano?一Yes,Ican,but虹_play it well when I was SIX. A.Can;couldn't B.Could;can't C.Can;can't D.Could;couldn't 答案：A解析：问句询问现在能力用can:答句“六岁时”表过去，根据转折关系用couldn't。 2.(2023 全国版七年级月考)一Could I borrow your dictionary?一一 A.Yes,you could B.No,you couldn't C.Yes,you can D.No,I can't 答案：C解析：could表委婉请求时，肯定回答用can,不用could. 1 全国版动词专项 【寒假专版】 情态动词精讲 重难点二：1 nay/might的用法区别（许可/推测），讲解： may表示“许可”（较正式）或“可能”（把握较大），might表示“许可”（更委婉)或“可能”（把 握较小)。may not表“不允许”，might not表“可能性小”。 You may leave the classroom now.(许可) She may be at home.(推测，把握较大) It might rain tomorrow.(推测，把握较小) 真题再现： 1.(2024全国版九年级期中)一_I use your phone?I need to call my mom.一Sure,here you are. A.Must B.Should C.May D.Will 答案：C 解析：请求许可用may,符合语境“使用手机”。 2.(2023全国版八年级期末)The story_be true,.butI'm not sure A.must B.may C.should D.need 答案：B解析：“我不确定”表明推测把握小，用may。 重难点三：nust/should的用法区别（义务/建议）讲解： must表示“必须”（主观义务，语气强烈），否定形式mustn't表“禁止”；should表示“应该”（建 议或责任，语气较委婉)，否定形式shouldn't表“不应该”。 You must wear a seatbelt when driving.(必须) You mustn't smoke in the hospital.(禁止) You should listen to your parents'advice.( 真题再现： 1.(2024 全国版七年级期末)Students_be on time for class.It's one of the school rules. A.must B.may C.could D.might 答案：A解析：“校规”表必须遵守的义务，用must。 2.(2023全国版九年级月考)You_eat too much junk food.It's bad for your health A.must B.mustn't C.should D.shouldn't 2 全国版动词专项 【寒假专版】 情态动词精讲 答案：D解析：“对健康不好”表建议不要做，用shouldn't。 重难点四：情态动词+have done的用法（过去推测/责备）讲解： must have done表示“过去一定做了某事”（肯定推测）：can't/couldn't have done表示“过去不可 能做了某事”（否定推测）：should have done表示“过去本应该做但没做”（责备）：could have done 表示“过去本可以做但没做”（遗憾）。 He must have finished his homework,because he's watching TV.(肯定推测) You can't have seen her yesterday,she was abroad.(否定推测) You should have told me the truth earlier.(责备) 真题再现： l.(2024全国版九年级期末)一Why didn't you answer my call?一I'm sorry..I_have been asleep A.must B.should C.can D.need 答案：A 解析：对过去未接电话的原因进行肯定推测，用must have been。 2.(2023 全国版八年级期中)You_have arrived on time,but you were late again. A.must B.should C.could D.might 答案：B 解析：“本应该按时到但迟到”表责备，用should have arrived。 易错点综合演练 I单项选择（直击重难点） 1.-you swim across the river when you were young? A.Can B.Could C.May D.Must 2.-Could I use your pen? A.Yes,you could B.No,you can't C.Yes,you can D.No,you needn't 3 全国版动词专项 【寒假专版】 情态动词精讲 3.You wear a helmet when riding a bike.It's the traffic rule. A.must B.may C.could D.might 4.The moviebe interesting,but I'm not sure. A.must B.may C.should D.need Ⅱ用所给词的适当形式填空（强化句型结构） 1.She(can)speak French fluently when she was in college. 2.You(should)tell him the news yesterday,but you forgot. 3.He (must)have finished the work,because the office is empty. 4.It(might)rain later,so take an umbrella. Ⅲ，短文填空（综合运用情态动词） 用can/could/may/might//must/should的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。 Tom:Hi,Lily.I borrow your math notebook?I missed the class yesterday. Lily:Sure,you But youreturn it tomorrow.I need it for homework. Tom:Thanks!I finish copying it today.By the way,you go to the library with me this afternoon? Lily:I'm not sure.I have to help my mom with housework.But I call you if I'm free. V.连词成句（聚焦句型结构） 1.you,could,pass,the salt,me,please,(? 2.smoke,in,public,mustn't,you,places,(. 3.she,may,at,home,be,now,(. 4.should,have,you,studied,harder,exam,for,the,(. .按要求改写句子（巩固情态动词用法） 1.HIe can play the guitar now.(用when he was five改写) 4 全国版动词专项 【寒假专版】 情态动词精讲 2.You must finish your homework before dinner.(改为否定句) 3.May I open the window?(作肯定回答) 4.She might be late for school..(对划线部分提问) 参考答案 I.单项选择：1B2.C3.A4.B Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空：1.could2.should 3.must 4.might 皿短文填空： 1.May 2.can 3.must 4.can 5.Could 6.might 7.will V.连词成句： 1.Could you please pass me the salt? 2.You mustn't smoke in public places. 3.She may be at home now. 4.You should have studied harder for the exam. V.按要求改写句子： 1.He could play the guitar when he was five 2.You mustn't finish your homework before dinner. 3.Yes,you may. 4.What might be late for school? 5