动词时态 一般过去时-2025-2026学年初中英语语法重难点精讲（全国版）

7年级全国版 【动词时态专版】 重难点精讲 语法专版 【语法专题】动词时态专项突破 初中全国版七年级 语法精讲 语法概述：一般过去时=表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，规则动词过去式一般在词 尾加d,不规则动词过去式需特殊记忆，在句中常与表示过去的时间状语连用。 重难点讲解 重难点一：规则动词过去式的构成与发音讲解： 规则动词过去式一般在词尾加-ed,具体规则如下： 。一般情况直接加-ed,如work-worked,play-played。 。以不发音的e结尾的动词加-d,如live-Iived,like-liked。 。以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y为i加-ed,如study-studied,cay-carried。 。以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写该辅音字母加-ed,如stop-stopped, plan-planned。 发音规则：清辅音后读/（如worked /w3kt/),浊辅音和元音后读/dW(如played /pleId/),/dW后 读/idW（如wanted/'wDntid/)。 例句： ·She worked in a hospital last year.(她去年在一家医院工作。) ·They planned a trip to Beijing yesterday..(他们昨天计划了一次北京之旅。) 真题再现： 1.(2024全国版七年级上册期中)My mother(cook)dinner for us an hour ago. 答案：cooked解析：cook是规则动词，根据“an hour ago”可知用一般过去时，直接加-ed, 故填cooked。. 2.(2023全国版七年级下册月考)He_(study)English very hard when he was young. 答案：studied解析：study以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i加-ed,根据“when he was young” 可知用一般过去时，故填studied。. 7年级全国版 【动词时态专版】 重难点精讲 重难点二：不规则动词过去式的记忆与运用讲解： 不规则动词过去式没有统一规则，需要特殊记忆，常见类型如下： 。原形与过去式相同，如cut-cut,put-put,read-read(读音变为red)。 ●元音字母发生变化，如eat-ate,see-saw,drink-drank。 。辅音字母发生变化，如make-made,send-sent,build-built。. ·完全不规则，如go-went,do-did,have-had。 需重点掌握教材中出现的高频不规则动词，如be(am/is-was,are-were),come-came,go-went,take took等。 例句： ·I saw a big dog in the street yesterday..(我昨天在街上看见一条大狗。) 。They went to the Great Wall last summer.(他们去年夏天去了长城。) 真题再现： 1.(2024全国版七年级上册期末)一What_you_(do)last weekend?I_(go)shopping with my friends. 答案：did do went解析：问句中last weekend提示用一般过去时，实义动词do的疑问句 需借助助动词did,后面动词用原形：答句go的过去式是不规则变化went,故依次填did do went. 2.(2023 全国版七年级上册月考)My father一(buy)a new bike for me on my birthday last month, 答案：bought解析：buy是不规则动词，过去式为bought,,根据“last month”可知用一般 过去时，故填bought。 重难点三：一般过去时表示过去发生的动作及其时间状语讲解： 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如ys terday(昨天)，last night(昨晚)，last week（上周)，two days ago(两天前)，in2020（在2020年) ,just now(刚才)等。谓语动词用过去式，be动词的过去式为was/were(第一、三人称单数用was, 第二人称及复数用were),实义动词用过去式。 例句： 。We were at home yesterday.(我们昨天在家。) ·Tom visited his uncle last Sunday.(汤姆上周日拜访了他的叔叔。) 真题再现： 1.(2024全国版七年级下册期中)-When_you(arrive)here?-I_(arrive)here an hour ago. 答案：did arrive arrived解析：答句中“an hour ago”是过去时间状语，问句用一般过去时， arrive是实义动词，疑问句借助助动词did,后面动词用原形；答句用arrive的过去式arrived,. 故依次填did arrive arrived。 7年级全国版 【动词时态专版】 重难点精讲 2.(2023全国版七年级上册期末)They_have)a good time at the party last night 答案：had解析：have的过去式是不规则变化had,根据“1 last night”可知用一般过去时，故 填had。 重难点四：一般过去时与现在完成时的区别（初步感知）讲解： 般过去时强调动作发生在过去某个具体时间，与现在无关，常带过去时间状语：现在完成时强 调过去动作对现在的影响或结果，常与already,.yet,ever,never,.since,.for等连用。在七年级阶段， 需初步区分两者标志性时间状语的不同。 例句： ·He finished his homework yesterday.(一般过去时，强调昨天完成作业的动作，与现在无关) 。He has finished his homework.(现在完成时，强调现在作业已完成的结果) 真题再现： 1.(2024全国版七年级下册月考)一you(see)the film before?-No,butI_(see)it last week, 答案：Have seen saw解析：第一句中“before”是现在完成时标志词，用Have提问，see 用过去分词seen;第二句“last week”是过去时间状语，用一般过去时saw,故依次填Have seen saw。 2.(2023全国版七年级下册期末)My brother(come)back from Shanghai yesterday.He(be) there for three years. 答案：came has been解析：“yesterday”提示第一空用一般过去时，come的过去式是 came;“for three years”是现在完成时标志词，主语是he,用has been,故依次填came has been。. 易错点综合演练 I单项选择（直击重难点） 1.My brother football with his friends yesterday afternoon. A.plays B.played C.will play D.is playing 2.-What you last night? -I watched a movie at home. A.do:do B.did;do C.will;do D.are;doing 3 7年级全国版 【动词时态专版】 重难点精讲 3.There a heavy rain in our city last weekend. A.is B.was C.are D.were 4.She to the Great Wall with her parents last summer vacation. A.go B.goes C.went D.will go Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化句型结构） 1.He (study)for the math test last night. 2.They(not watch)TV yesterday evening because the TV didn't work. 3.your father(work)in a factory two years ago? 4.My grandparents(live)in the countryside when they were young. 5.We (visit)the museum last Saturday and saw many interesting things. Ⅱ短文填空（综合运用过去时） 用所给动词的适当过去式填空，使短文完整通顺。 Last Sunday,I 1.(have)a busy but happy day.In the morning,I 2.(get)up early and 3.(help) my mom clean the house.After that,my family and I 4.(go)to a park.We 5.(take)many photos there.In the afternoon,I 6.(read)a storybook.In the evening,I 7.(watch)a funny movie with my brother.I 8.(go)to bed at 9:30 p.m.I really 9.(enjoy)my Sunday. V.连词成句（聚焦句型结构） 1.yesterday,she,to,school,walked,(. 2.they,last,week,a,picnic,had,(. 3.did,what,he,night,do,last,(? 4.I,English,studied,for,the,test,yesterday,morning,(. 5.my,bought,a,new,dress,mother,me,last,month,( V.按要求改写句子（巩固否定、疑问句式） l.Tom played basketball with his friends yesterday.(改为否定句) 4 7年级全国版 【动词时态专版】 重难点精讲 2.She visited her grandparents last weekend.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) 3.They went to Shanghai by plane last summer.(对划线部分提间) 4.We were in the library at3p.m.yesterday.(对划线部分提问) 综合演练参考答案 L单项选择：1B2.B3.B4.C Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空：l.studied2.didn't watch3.Did,work4.lived5.visited Ⅱ.短文填空： 1.had 2.got 3.helped 4.went 5.took 6.read 7.watched 8.went 9.enjoyed V.连词成句： 1.She walked to school yesterday. 2.They had a picnic last week 3.What did he do last night? 4.I studied for the English test yesterday morning 5.My mother bought me a new dress last month. V.按要求改写句子： 1.Tom didn't play basketball with his friends yesterday. 2.Did she visit her grandparents last weekend?Yes,she did. 3.How did they go to Shanghai last summer? 4.Where were you at 3 p.m.yesterday? 5