词法 语法综合运用-2025-2026学年初中英语语法重难点精讲（全国版）

全国版 【词法专题】 初中语法精讲 语法专版 【语法专题】时态/语态/从句混合辨析与长 难句翻译 初中全国版词法专题 语法精讲 语法概述：语法综合运用：时态/语态/从句混合辨析、长难句拆分与翻译=对英语中不同时态（表 示动作发生时间和状态)、语态（主动和被动形式)、从句（名词性、定语、状语等从句）的综合 区别与运用，以及对结构复杂句子进行拆解分析并翻译成中文的能力，在语言运用中用于准确理 解和表达复杂意义。 一、重难点讲解 重难点一：时态、语态与从句的混合辨析讲解： 1.时态与语态结合：需同时判断动作的时间状态（如现在完成时、过去进行时)和主被动关系 (主动语态强调主语执行动作，被动语态强调动作承受者)。 ~主动语态：主语+时态助动词+动词原形/过去分词现在分词 -被动语态：主语+时态助动词+be+动词过去分词 2.从句与主句的时态呼应：宾语从句、定语从句等需根据主句时态调整从句时态（如主句为过去 时，从句常用过去相关时态：客观真理用一般现在时)。 例句： -时态+语态：The project has been completed by the team(现在完成时被动，强调动作已完成且 主语是动作承受者)。 -从句时态：She said she would visit the museum the next day(主句一般过去时，宾语从句用过去 将来时)。 真题再现 l.(2024全国卷I,全国版)By the time we arrived at the theater,.the movie for ten minutes A.has begun B.had been on C.began D.was beginning 全国版 【词法专题】 初中语法精讲 答案：B解析：by the time+过去时从句”主句用过去完成时，begin为瞬间动词，需转换 为延续性动词beon,且无被动意义，故选B。 2.(2023江苏苏州期中，全国版教辅)The novel._by Mo Yan is widely read,and it_Linto several languages since 2012. A.written;has been translated B.writing;translated C.wrote;was translated D.to write;is translated 答案：A解析：第一空过去分词短语作定语（表被动），第二空since2012提示用现在完成 时被动，故选A。 重难点二：长难句的拆分与翻译技巧讲解： 1.拆分步骤： -找主干（主谓宾/主系表），忽略修饰成分（定语、状语、插入语）。 识别从句标志（如that/which/when/if等），判断从句类型（定语从句、状语从句等）。 理清逻辑关系（因果、让步、条件等），按中文表达习惯调整语序。 2.翻译原则：先译主干，再译修饰成分：长定语可后置，状语按逻辑顺序调整。 例句： -原句：The girl who is wearing a red dress(定语从句)will attend the party which will be held in the park（定语从句)tomorrow(状语)。 -拆分：主干The girl will attend the party':修饰成分”who is wearing a red dress”(穿红裙子的)、 "which will be held in the park”(将在公园举办的)、tomorrow”(明天)。 -翻译：明天穿红裙子的女孩将参加在公园举办的派对。 真题再现 1.(2024 浙江杭州期末，全国版)We should protect the environment,.without which human beings _survive in the future. A.can't B.mustn't C.needn't D.shouldn't 答案：A解析：拆分句子：主句We should protect the environment'',定语从句”without which human beings.survive'”(没有环境，人类将来不能生存)，故选A。 2.(2023湖北武汉月考，全国版教辅)The teacher told us that the earth_around the sun,which all of us_already known A.moves;have 2 全国版 【词法专题】 初中语法精讲 B.moved:had C.moves;had D.moved;have 答案：C解析：第一空宾语从句表客观真理，用一般现在时moves;第二空定语从句which all of us.known'中”already提示用过去完成时（主句told为过去时），故选C。 重难点三：时态与时间状语的搭配规律讲解： 不同时态需搭配特定时间状语，常见对应关系： -一般过去时：yesterday,.last week,in2020,ago -现在完成时：already,yet,since+时间点，for+时间段，recently 过去进行时：at8o'clock last night,this time yesterday 将来完成时：byr将来时间（如by next year) 例句： -He has lived in Beijing for five years..(for+时间段→现在完成时) -They were playing basketball at4p.m.yesterday..(at+具体过去时间→过去进行时) 真题再现 1.(2024 四川成都期中，全国版)一ow longyou_this book?一For two weeks..I'll return it next Monday. A.have;borrowed B.did;borrow C.have;kept D.do;keep 答案：C解析：”for two weeks”提示用现在完成时，borTow为瞬间动词，需转换为延续性 动词keep,故选C。 2.(2023广东广州期末，全国版)By the end of next month,we_the project and_a report to the manager A.will finish:will send B.will have finished:will send C.will finish;will have sent D.will have finished;will have sent 答案：B,解析：by the end of next month''提示主句用将来完成时(will have finished),and 连接并列动作，后一动作表将来计划，用一般将来时(will send),故选B。 全国版 【词法专题】 初中语法精讲 易错点综合演练 L单项选择（直击重难点》 1.When I got to the classroom,my classmates_already-the test papers. A.have;received B.had,received C.will;receive D.are;receiving 2.The storybook by my uncle last year has been translated into three languages. A.writes B.wrote C.written D.writing 3.-How long_your brotherin this company? -For five years.He started working here in 2021. A.has;worked B.did;work C.does;work D.will;work 4.By the time we finish dinner,the moviefor ten minutes. A.will begin B.has begun C.will have been on D.is beginning Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化句型结构） 1.The letter_(write)by my pen pal last month arrived yesterday. 2.They(watch)TV when I (come)into the room last night. 3.Our teacher told us that the sun(rise)in the east and(set)in the west. 4.By next summer,we(study)English for six years. Ⅲ短文填空（综合运用语法点） 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。 全国版 【词法专题】 初中语法精讲 Last Sunday,I(go)to the library with my friend Tom.When we_(arrive),many people-(read) quietly.I-(find)a book about history,which(write)by a famous historian.While I(read),Tom (borrow)a science magazine.We_(stay)there for two hours.By the time we_(leave),it_(start) to rain. V.按要求改写句子（巩固句式转换） l.They have built a new bridge over the river.(改为被动语态) -A new bridgeover the river by them 2.She said,I will finish my homework tonight..”(改为宾语从句) -She said that she her homework that night 3.He has lived in this city since20l8.(对划线部分提问) → he in this city? 4.The girl is reading a novel.The novel was written by Lu Xun.(合并为含有定语从句的句子) -The girl is reading a novel_written by Lu Xun. 参考答案 I.单项选择：1B2.C3.A4.C Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空：1.written2.were watching;came3.rises,.sets4.will have studied Ⅲ短文填空： went;arrived;were reading;found;was written;was reading;borrowed;stayed;left;had started V.按要求改写句子： 1.has been built 2.would finish 3.How long has;lived 4.which/that was 5