词法 数词-2025-2026学年初中英语语法重难点精讲（全国版）

全国版词法 【语法精讲】 数词专项突破 语法专版 【语法专题】数词专项突破 初中全国版词法 语法精讲 语法概述：数词是表示数量、顺序、日期或编号的词，包括基数词（表示数量，如one,two,three)、 序数词（表示顺序，如first,,second,third)和日期编号用法（如2023年5月1日，Room302),在 句中可用于表示数量、顺序、日期或编号。 重难点讲解 重难点一：基数词与序数词的用法区别讲解： 基数词表示数量，如one,two,three..:序数词表示顺序，需在基数词后加-th(特殊变化：first,second, third,.fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth等)，序数词前通常加定冠词the。 基数词例句：There are five books on the desk.(表示数量“五本”) 序数词例句：She won the first prize in the competition..(表示顺序“第一”) 真题再现： 1.(2024全国版七年级期中)My birthday is on the_Lof October. A.twelve B.twelfth C.twelveth D.twelves 答案：B解析：表示日期“十月十二日”需用序数词，twelve的序数词为twelfth,前需加 the。 2.(2023全国版七年级月考)There arestudents in our class,,and I sit in therow. A.thirty,five B.thirty;fifth C.thirtieth;five D.thirtieth;fifth 答案：B解析：第一空表示数量“三十名学生”用基数词hity,第二空表示顺序“第五排” 用序数词fifh。 全国版词法 【语法精讲】 数词专项突破 重难点二：基数词的复数形式与特殊用法讲解： 基数词一般无复数，但hundred,thousand,million等词前有具体数字时不加-s,无具体数字时加-s 且与of连用（如hundreds of):表示“几十年代”或“年龄几十多岁”时，整十基数词用复数（如 in the 1990s,in one's twenties). 例句：Three hundred people attended the meeting.(具体数字后hundred不加-s) Thousands of birds fly to the south in winter.(无具体数字，thousands of表示“成千上万”) She became a doctor in her thirties.(in one's thirties表示“三十多岁”) 真题再现： l.(2024全国版七年级期末)visitors came to the museum last month,and most of them were from A.Two thousand;German B.Two thousands;Germany C.Two thousand;Germany D.Thousands;German 答案：C解析：第一空有具体数字two,thousand不加-s;第二空“德国”用名词Germany, German表示“德国人/德语”。 2.(2023全国版七年级期中)He started his own company in the一，and now he is very successful. A.1990 B.1990s C.1990th D.1990s 答案：B 解析：表示“二十世纪九十年代”用in the1990s,在整十基数词后加-s。 重难点三：日期与编号的表达法讲解： 日期表达：月+日（序数词）+年或日（序数词）+月+年（英式/美式差异），如October1st,2023 或1 st October,2023: 编号表达：可用“基数词+名词”（名词首字母大写）或“序数词+名词”，如Lesson Five--the fifth 1 esson(第五课)，Room302(302房间)。 例句：Her birthday is on March8th(=the eighth of March)·.（日期用序数词) We are going to learn Unit Ten next week.(编号用“基数词+名词”) 真题再现： 1.(2024全国版七年级月考)Our English class begins at_on Monday morning A.8:30 o'clock B.830a.m C.8 hour 30 D.8:30 hour 答案：B解析：时间表达“上午8：30”用8：30a.m.,o'clock仅用于整点，如8o'clock。 2.(2023全国版七年级期末)—Which lesson are we going to study today? 全国版词法 【语法精讲】 数词专项突破 A.Lesson ninth B.The nine lesson C.Ninth lesson D.The ninth lesson 答案：D解析：表示“第九课”可用Lesson Nine或the ninth lesson,序数词前需加the,基 数词+名词时名词首字母大写。 重难点四：分数与倍数的基本表达讲解： 分数：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时分母加-s(如1/3 one third,.2/5 two fifths): 倍数：“A是B的几倍”用“A+be+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B”或“A+be+倍数+比较级 +than+B”,如This room is twice as big as that one..(这间房是那间的两倍大)。 例句：One fifth of the students are girls.(五分之一的学生是女生) The population of this city is three times larger than before.(这个城市的人口是以前的三倍) 真题再现： l.(2024全国版七年级期末)About_of the earth’s surface is covered with water.. A.two third B.two thirds C.second thirds D.two three 答案：B解析：分数表达“三分之二”，分子two（大于l),分母third加-s,即two thirds。 2.(2023全国版七年级期中)This building is_than the old one. A.three times tall B.three time taller C.three times taller D.third times taller 答案：C解析：“倍数+比较级+than”结构，“三倍高”用three times taller,time表示“倍 数”时可数，three后用复数times。 易错点综合演练 L单项选择（直击重难点） 1.There arestudents in Grade Eight,and theclass has the most students. A.forty;ninth B.forty;nine C.fortieth;ninth D.fortieth;nine 3 全国版词法 【语法精讲】 数词专项突破 2.people took part in the marathon last year,and it was a great success. A.Two hundred B.Two hundreds C.Hundred of D.Hundreds 3.My grandparents got married in the and they have lived happily for over 50 years. A.1970 B.1970s C.1970th D.1970s 4.About_of the students in our class like playing basketball after school. A.three fifth B.three fifths C.third five D.third fifths Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化句型结构） 1.December is the_(twelve)month of the year. 2.There are(hundred)of books in our school library. 3.She lives on the(five)floor of this building 4.My brother will be in his(thirty)next year. Ⅲ.短文填空（综合运用数词） 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。 Our school is holding a sports meeting this week.There are 1.-(eighty)classes in total,and each class has 2.(twenty)students.The 3.(one)event is the 100-meter race,and my friend Tom will take part in it.He won the 4.-(three)place in last year's race.After the sports meeting,we will have a party on the 5.(twenty-five)of October. V.连词成句（聚焦句型结构） 1.the/on is/my/birthday/first/January/(.) 2.students/in our two there/hundred/are/school /(. 3.she/in/wrote/her /first/novel /twenties/her/(.) 4.of/the/surface/is earth/water covered three/with/fourths/() V.按要求改写句子（巩固数词用法） 全国版词法 【语法精讲】 数词专项突破 l.There are thirty desks in the classroom.（对划线部分提间) Ldesks are there in the classroom? 2.He was born on July8th,2010.(改为同义句) His birthday is on the of,2010. 3.This tree is twice as tall as that one.(改为同义句) This tree is than that one. 4.There are two thousand books in the library.(改为同义句) There are books in the library. 参考答案 I.单项选择：1.A2.A3.B4.B Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空：l.twelfth2.hundreds3.fifh4.thirties Ⅲ短文填空： 1.eighty 2.twenty 3.first 4.third 5.twenty-fifth V.连词成句： 1.My birthday is on January first. 2.There are two hundred students in our school. 3.She wrote her first novel in her twenties. 4.Three fourths of the earth's surface is covered with water. V.按要求改写句子： 1.How many 2.eighth;July 3.twice taller 4.two thousand 5