内容正文:
全国版七年级
【寒假专版】
词法精讲
寒假专版
【语法专题】名词专项突破(单复数、可数
不可数、所有格)
初中全国版七年级词法精讲
语法精讲
语法概述:名词单复数:规则变化一般在词尾加-s(如books)或-s(如boxes):不规则变化需
特殊记忆(如man→men,child-→children)。可数名词可计数,有单复数形式(如apple-→apples):
不可数名词不可直接计数,无复数形式(如water,information)。名词所有格:'s结构用于有生命
的名词(如Tom's book);of结构用于无生命的名词(如the cover of the book)。
一、重难点讲解
重难点一:可数名词与不可数名词的区分及修饰词搭配讲解:
可数名词表示可以计数的人或事物,有单复数形式,可被a/an、数词、many、few等修饰:不可
数名词表示不能直接计数的概念或物质,无复数形式,需用much、little、some、any等修饰,或
借助“数词+量词+of”结构表示数量。
例:There are three books on the desk.(book为可数名词,用数词three修饰)
She needs some water..(water为不可数名词,用some修饰)
A cup of tea,please.(tea为不可数名词,用“a cup of”表示数量)
真题再现:
1.(2024全国版七年级期中)一low many_are there in the fridge?Only two
A.milk
B.egg
C.apples
D.bread
答案:C
解析:how many后接可数名词复数,选项中只有apples为可数名词复数。
2.(2023全国版七年级月考)We don'thave_rice at home.Let's buy some.
A.many
B.a few
C.much
D.a little
1
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词法精讲
答案:C解析:rice为不可数名词,many和afew修饰可数名词,a little表示“少量”与语
境不符,much修饰不可数名词,符合“没有很多米饭”的语境。
重难点二:名词复数的规则变化与不规则变化讲解:
规则变化:
。一般在词尾加-s:book→books,cat→cats
·以s,X,sh,ch结尾加-es:bus一→buses,.box→boxes,bush→brushes,watch-→watches
。以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i加-es:baby-babies,city-cities
。以ffe结尾,变ffe为v加-es:leaf→leaves,knife-knives(部分词直接加-s:roof→roofs,,be
lief→beliefs)
不规则变化:无固定规则,需特殊记忆
例:man→men,woman-→women,child一→children,foot-→feet,tooth-→teeth,mouse-→mice,
sheep→sheep,fish→fish(强调种类时可加-es:fishes)
真题再现:
l.(2024全国版七年级期末)Look!The_are playing games in the park.
A.child
B.childs
C.children
D.childrens
答案:C解析:child的复数为不规则变化children,.无childs或childrens形式。
2.(2023全国版七年级期中)I need two_for the party.
A.knife
B.knifes
C.knives
D.knive
答案:C
解析:aife以fe结尾,复数变fe为v加-es,即knives。.
重难点三:名词所有格的用法('s所有格与of所有格)讲解:
's所有格:用于有生命的名词或某些表示时间、距离、国家等的名词,单数名词直接加'$,复数名
词以s结尾加,不以s结尾加's。
例:Tom'sbag(汤姆的包),the teachers'office(老师们的办公室),today'snewspaper(今天的报
纸)
of所有格:用于无生命的名词,或名词短语较长时,表所属关系。
2
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词法精讲
例:the cover of the book(书的封面),the name of the girl in red(穿红衣服的女孩的名字)
双重所有格:“of+'s所有格”,强调部分与整体的关系。
例:a friend of my father's(我爸爸的一个朋友)
真题再现:
1.(2024
全国版七年级月考)一Whose is this pen?一It's一
A.Lucy
B.Lucys
C.Lucy's
D.Lucys
答案:C
解析:单数名词的所有格直接加's,Lucy的钢笔表达为Lucy's。
2.(2023全国版七年级期中)The_room is on the second floor.
A.students
B.students'
C.student's
D.students's
答案:B,解析:students为复数名词且以s结尾,所有格直接加',students'room表示“学
生们的房间”。
3.(2024全国版七年级期末)This is a photo_my family
A.to
B.of
C.for
D.with
答案:B
解析:表示“…的照片”用of所有格,a photo of my family意为“我的家庭照”。
易错点综合演练
I单项选择(直击重难点)
1.There are many in the forest.They like eating leaves.
A.deer
B.deers
C.deer's
D.deers'
2.We need to buy some for the salad.
A.tomatos
B.tomatoes
C.tomato
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D.tomato's
3.This isroom.It's very clean.
A.Lucy and Lily
B.Lucy's and Lily's
C.Lucy and Lily's
D.Lucy's and Lily
4.How much do we need for the cake?
A.eggs
B.flour
C.apples
D.carrots
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空(强化句型结构)
1.There are two (child)playing in the garden.
2.I have three (knife)in my kitchen
3.The (teacher)office is on the second floor.
4.There is some(bread)on the table
Ⅱ短文填空(综合运用名词知识)
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空,使短文完整通顺。
This is a photo of my family.There are three people in my(family).My father is a doctor.He works
in a big(hospital).My mother is a teacher.She teaches(child)English.I have a pet dog.Its name
is Lucky.It likes playing with(ball).We have a happy(life).
V.连词成句(聚焦句型结构)
1.many,books,how,you,do,have,(?
2.the,of,the,door,room,is,red,(.
3.this,my,father's,is,car,(
4.sheep,on,the,farm,there,are,many,(.
V.按要求改写句子(巩固名词用法)
l.These are my books.(改为单数句)
2.The girl has a red bag.(改为复数句)
4
全国版七年级
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3.This is Tom'spen.(对划线部分提问)
4.There is some milk in the glass..(改为否定句)
综合演练参考答案
I.单项选择:1.A2.B3.C4.B
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空:1.children2.knives3.teachers'4.bread
Ⅲ短文填空:
1.family 2.hospital 3.children 4.balls 5.life
V.连词成句:
1.How many books do you have?
2.The door of the room is red.
3.This is my father's car.
4.There are many sheep on the farm.
V.按要求改写句子:
1.This is my book.
2.The girls have red bags.
3.Whose pen is this?
4.There isn't any milk in the glass.