词法 代词-2025-2026学年初中英语语法重难点精讲（全国版）

初中全国版 【词法专版】 代词专项精讲 词法专版 【语法专题】代词用法精讲 初中全国版词法专项 语法精讲 语法概述：人称代词主格(I,you,he,she,it,we,they)在句中作主语；宾格(me,you,him,her,it, us,them)在句中作宾语。形容词性物主代词(my,your,his,her,its,our,their)后需接名词，在句中 作定语；名词性物主代词(mine,yours,,his,hers,its,ors,theirs)=形容词性物主代词+名词，在句 中可作主语、宾语、表语。指示代词(this,that,these,.those)用来指代人或事物，this/these指代近 处的，that/hose指代远处的。不定代词some一般用于肯定句，any一般用于否定句和疑问句，都 可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词。 一、 重难点讲解 重难点一：人称代词主格与宾格的用法区别讲解： 人称代词主格在句中作主语，位于动词前，常用主格有I,you,he,she,it,we,they。 人称代词宾格在句中作宾语，位于动词或介词后，常用宾格有me,you,him,her,it,us,then。 例句： 。I am a student.(I作主语) ●She likes reading books.(She作主语) ●My mother often helps me with my homework.(me作动词helps的宾语) 。There is a gift for her.(her作介词for的宾语) 真题再现： 1.(2024 全国版期中，人教版)一Who is singing in the room?- is my sister. A.Her B.She C.Him D.He 答案：B解析：问句询问谁在唱歌，答句中缺少主语，指代女性“我的姐姐”，应用主格She。 2.(2023 全国版月考，外研版)My father bought a new bike for I like very much A.me;it 初中全国版 【词法专版】 代词专项精讲 B.I;it C.me;them D.I;them 答案：A解析：第一空位于介词for后作宾语，应用宾格me;第二空指代前面提到的anew bike,是单数，应用it。 重难点二：形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的用法区别讲解： 形容词性物主代词具有形容词性质，后必须接名词，不能单独使用，常用的有my,your,his,her,its, our,their。 名词性物主代词具有名词性质，后不能接名词，可单独使用，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”， 常用的有mine,yours,.his,hers,its,ours,theirs。 例句： 。This is my book.(my后接名词book) ·Their classroom is big and bright.(their后接名词classroom) 。The red pen is mine.(mine相当于my pen) ·一Whose bags are these?-They are theirs.(theirs相当于their bags). 真题再现： 1.(2024全国版期末，苏教版)一Is this ruler?-No,it isn't is blue. A.your;my,Mine B.your;mine;My C.your;mine;Mine D.you;my;My 答案：C解析：第一空后有名词uler,应用形容词性物主代词your;第二空后没有名词，应 用名词性物主代词mine;第三空在句中作主语，后无名词，应用名词性物主代词Mine。 2.(2023全国版单元测，人教版)These books are Those are A.ours;theirs B.our;their C.ours;their D.our;theirs 答案：A解析：两空后均无名词，都应用名词性物主代词，ours和theirs符合要求。 重难点三：指示代词的用法及近指远指区别讲解： 指示代词this(这个)、these(这些)表示近指，指时间或空间上较近的人或事物；that(那个)、 those（那些)表示远指，指时间或空间上较远的人或事物。 当指代上文提到的事物时，常用that:指代下文将要提到的事物时，常用his。 例句： 2 初中全国版 【词法专版】 代词专项精讲 。This is a cat..(this指近处的猫) ·These apples are sweet.(these指近处的一些苹果) 。That is a dog.(that指远处的狗) ●Those flowers are beautiful.(those指远处的一些花) 。He told me a story.That was very interesting.(that指代上文提到的a story) 。Listen!This is what I want to say.(this指代下文将要讲的内容) 真题再现： 1.(2024 全国版月考，北师大版)一What's over there?-It's a playground. A.this B.that C.these D.those 答案：B 解析：over there表示“在那边”，指远处的事物，且谓语动词是is,应用单数指示 代词that。 2.(2023全国版期中，人教版) are my friends. are my brothers. A.This;That B.These;Those C.This;Those D.These;That 答案：B解析：第一空后谓语动词是are,应用复数指示代词，结合语境指近处的朋友，用 These:第二空后谓语动词是are,应用复数指示代词，指远处的兄弟，用Those。 重难点四：不定代词some与any的用法区别讲解： soe一般用于肯定句中，表示“一些”，后可接可数名词复数或不可数名词。 soe也可用于表示请求、建议或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中。 any一般用于否定句和疑问句中，表示“一些”或“任何”，后可接可数名词复数或不可数名词。 例句： ·I have some books on the desk.(books是可数名词复数) ·There is some water in the glass.(water是不可数名词) 。Would you like some coffee??(表示请求) ·Can I have some apples?（希望得到肯定回答) ·I don't have any pens.(否定句，pens是可数名词复数) ●Is there any milk in the fridge?(疑问句，nilk是不可数名词) 3 初中全国版 【词法专版】 代词专项精讲 真题再现： 1.(2024全国版期末，冀教版)一Would you like bananas?-Yes,please.I want A.some;some B.any;any C.some;any D.any,some 答案：A解析：第一空是表示请求的疑问句，用some;第二空是肯定句，用some。 2.(2023全国版同步练，人教版)There isn't bread in the basket.Could you buy for me? A.some;any B.any,some C.some;some D.any,any 答案：B解析：第一空是否定句，用any:第二空是表示请求的疑问句，用some。 易错点综合演练 1单项选择（直击重难点》 1.-Who helped you with your math homework yesterday? did.I finished it by myself. A.Him B.Her C.Me D.I 2.My parents often tell stories before bedtime when I was little A.me B.I C.my D.mine 3.-Is this blue coat -No,it's not is black A.your;my,Mine B.yours;mine;My C.yours;mine;Mine D.your;mine;My 初中全国版 【词法专版】 代词专项精讲 are my new shoes and are my sister's socks over there. A.This;that B.These;those C.This;those D.These;that 5.Would you like juice?There isn't left in the fridge. A.some;any B.any,some C.some;some D.any;any Ⅱ亚.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化句型结构） 1.My brother often shares his toys with (I).We are good friends. 2.-Whose books are these? -They are(they).(we)are on the desk 3.(he)favorite sport is basketball.He plays it every day with(he)classmates. 4.-Is this (you)pencil case? -No,it isn't(I).Maybe it's(she). 5.There are two dogs in the park.(this)are very cute and(that)are running after a cat. 血短文填空（综合运用代词） 用括号内所给代词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。 Hello,everyone!I'm Lucy.Look at the photo!The girl in the red dress is(I).(I)hair is long and black.The boy next to me is my brother,Tom.(he)eyes are big.The woman behind us is(we) mother.(she)is a teacher.The man is(we)father.(he)car is black.These are(we)pets. The dog is(our)and the cat is(their).We love(they)very much. V.句型转换（巩固代词用法) 1.This is her umbrella.(改为同义句) __is_ 2.My books are on the desk.(改为一般疑问句) on the desk? 3.Those are their toys..(对划线部分提问) 4.He gave me a pen.(改为否定句) He」 a pen. J 初中全国版 【词法专版】 代词专项精讲 5.Is this your ruler?(作肯定回答) 参考答案 I单项选择：1D2.A3.C4.B5.A Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空：1.me2.theirs,Ours3.His,his4.your,mine,hers5.These: those Ⅱ.短文填空： 1.me 2.My 3.His 4.our 5.She 6.our 7.His 8.our 9.ours 10.theirs 11.them V.句型转换： 1.This umbrella;hers 2.Are your books 3.Whose toys are those 4.didn't give me 5.Yes,it is 6