被动语态-2025-2026学年九年级英语下册语法重难点精讲（译林版）

9年级译林版 【语法专版】 被动语态精讲 9年级 【语法专题】被动语态专项突破 初中译林版9年级 语法精讲 语法概述：被动语态=动作的承受者作主语的句子结构，强调动作被谁执行或动作本身，由b 动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成。 重难点讲解 重难点一：被动语态的构成及基本用法讲解： 被动语态由be动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成，时态通过be动词的变化来体现。基本用法包 括：动作的执行者不明确或不重要时：强调动作的承受者时：出于礼貌或客观陈述时。 主动句：They built this bridge last year.. 被动句：This bridge was built last year.(强调桥被建造) 主动句：People speak English in many countries. 被动句：English is spoken in many countries.(执行者不明确) 真题再现： 1.(2024江苏南京期中，译林版)A new hospital._in our city last year. A.build B.built C.was built D.is built 答案：C解析：last year表明用一般过去时，hospital与build是被动关系，一般过去时被动 语态结构为"was/were+过去分词”，主语是单数，所以用was built。 2.(2023江苏苏州月考，译林版)Many trees.一on the hills every spring A.plant B.are planted C.planted D.were planted 答案：B解析：every spring表明用一般现在时，trees与plant是被动关系，一般现在时被动 语态结构为”am/is/arc+过去分词'，主语是复数，所以用are planted。 1 9年级译林版 【语法专版】 被动语态精讲 重难点二：不同时态的被动语态构成讲解： 一般现在时：主语+am/is/are+过去分词 Water is needed by all living things. 一般过去时：主语+was/were+过去分词 The letter was written yesterday. 一般将来时：主语+will be+过去分词/主语+am/is/are going to be+过去分词 A new park will be built here next year. 现在进行时：主语+am/is/arc+being+过去分词 The problem is being discussed now. 现在完成时：主语+have/has been+过去分词 The work has been finished. 真题再现： 1.(2024江苏无锡期末，译林版)一How clean the classroom is!一Yes,it_just now A.has cleaned B.was cleaned C.is cleaned D.cleaned 答案：B解析：just now表明用一般过去时，classroom与clean是被动关系，所以用一般过 去时被动语态was cleaned。. 2.(2023江苏常州期中，译林版)A lot of clothes_by my mother since last week. A.have washed B.have been washed C.were washed D.are washed 答案：B解析：since last week表明用现在完成时，clothes与wash是被动关系，现在完成 时被动语态结构为have/has been-+过去分词”，主语是复数，所以用have been washed。 重难点三：主动语态变被动语态的方法讲解： 步骤：1.找出主动句的宾语，作为被动句的主语；2.把主动句的谓语动词变为b+过去分词”形 式，时态与主动句一致：3.把主动句的主语变为by的宾语，放在句末（有时可省略）。 主动句：She invited me to the party, 被动句：I was invited to the party by her. 注意：若主动句的宾语是代词，变被动句时要变为相应的主格形式：带双宾语的主动句变被动时， 可将其中一个宾语作主语，另一个保留不变。 主动句：He gave me a book, a被动句：I was given a book by him./A book was given to me by him, 真题再现： 1.(2024江苏扬州月考，译林版)They will hold a meeting tomorrow.(改为被动语态) 2 9年级译林版 【语法专版】 被动语态精讲 a meeting by them tomorrow 答案：A will be held解析：主动句宾语a meeting作被动句主语，一般将来时被动语态结构 为”will be+过去分词'，hold的过去分词是held,所以填A will be held。 2.(2023江苏镇江期末，译林版)My father bought me a new bike.（改为被动语态) 1 a new bike by my father. 答案：was given解析：主动句间接宾语me作被动句主语，一般过去时被动语态结构 为"was/were+过去分词'，give的过去分词是given,主语是I,所以填was given 重难点四：被动语态的特殊情况讲解： 1.感官动词(see,hear,watch等)和使役动词(make,let,have等)在主动语态中接不带to的不定 式，变为被动语态时要加上o。 主动句：We saw him enter the room 被动句：He was seen to enter the room 主动句：The teacher made us read the text. 被动句：We were made to read the text by the teacher. 2.有些动词短语（如take care of,look after,,cut down等）作谓语时，变为被动语态时要保留短语 中的介词或副词。 主动句：They take good care of the children. 被动句：The children are taken good care of by them. 真题再现： 1.(2024江苏泰州期中，译林版)We heard her sing in the next room just now.(改为被动语态) She sing in the next room just now. 答案：was heard to解析：感官动词hear在主动语态中接不带to的不定式，变为被动语态时 要加上to,一般过去时被动语态结构为'was/were+过去分词'，主语是she,所以填was heard to。 2.(2023江苏准安期末，译林版)We should look after the old well..(改为被动语态) The old well by us. 答案：should be looked after解析：动词短语look after作谓语，变为被动语态时保留after, 含有情态动词should的被动语态结构为”should be+过去分词”，所以填should be looked after。 易错点综合演练 I单项选择（直击重难点)》 1.The old house down last month to build a new park A.pull B.pulled C.was pulled 3 9年级译林版 【语法专版】 被动语态精讲 D.is pulled 2.Many students to take part in the English speech contest every year. A.invite B.are invited C.invited D.were invited 3.A new bridge over the river now.It will be finished next year. A.builds B.is building C.is being built D.built 4.The problemby the teacher already,so we understand it now. A.has explained B.was explained C.has been explained D.will be explained Ⅱ用所给词的适当形式填空（强化句型结构） 1.The room(clean)by my mother every day. 2.This story(translate)into Chinese last year 3.A meeting (hold)in our school next Monday afternoon. 4.Look!The letters (deliver)by the postman now. 5.All the homework(finish)by the students before the bell rang. 皿，短文填空（综合运用被动语态） 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。 A new library 1.(build)in our school last year.Now it 2.(visit)by many students every day.The books 3.(keep)in good order by the librarians.Last week,some new computers 4.(buy)for the library.Students 5.(allow)to use them to look up information.A reading competition 6.(hold) here next month.I hope more students 7.(encourage)to read more books. V.连词成句（聚焦句型结构） 1.English,in many countries,is,spoken,( 2.The letter,by my brother,was,yesterday,posted,(.) 3.A new school,be,will,built,our town,in,next year,(. 9年级译林版 【语法专版】 被动语态精讲 4.The children,were,to,seen,the park,enter,(. 5.This song,often,is,by the students,sung,(. V.按要求改写句子（巩固被动语态） l.They grow rice in the south of China.(改为被动语态) 2.My father will repair the car tomorrow.(改为被动语态) 3.The workers are building a new road now.(改为被动语态) 4.We have finished the project.(改为被动语态) 参考答案 I.单项选择：1.C2.B3.C4.C Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空：l.is cleaned2.was translated3.will beheld4.arebeing delivered 5.had been finished Ⅲ.短文填空： 1.was built 2.is visited 3.are kept 4.were bought 5.are allowed 6.will be held 7.will be encouraged V.连词成句： 1.English is spoken in many countries. 2.The letter was posted by my brother yesterday. 3.A new school will be built in our town next year. 4.The children were seen to enter the park. 5.This song is often sung by the students. 9年级译林版 【语法专版】 被动语态精讲 V.按要求改写句子： 1.Rice is grown in the south of China. 2.The car will be repaired by my father tomorrow. 3.A new road is being built by the workers now. 4.The project has been finished by us. 6