动词不定式的进阶用法-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册语法重难点精讲（译林版）

8下译林版 【寒假专版】 动词不定式进阶用法精讲 寒假专版 【语法专题】动词不定式进阶用法专项突破 初中译林版八年级下册 语法精讲 语法概述：动词不定式的进阶用法(to+动词原形，有时to可省略)=在基础用法上扩展的功能， 在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语或宾语补足语。 重难点讲解 重难点一：动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法及省略o的情况讲解： 动词不定式作宾语补足语时，基本结构为”动词+宾语+to do sthi”,表示宾语发出的动作。常见接 不定式作宾补的动词有ask、tell、want、teach、invite等。 My mother asks me to clean my room every day. He wants his son to be a doctor in the future. 但部分使役动词(make、let、have)和感官动词(see、hear、watch、notice、feel)在主动语态中 接不定式作宾补时，要省略to,即”动词+宾语+dosh”。被动语态中需还原to。 The teacher made him stand in the corner.-He was made to stand in the corner by the teacher. I saw her run towards the bus stop.->She was seen to run towards the bus stop by me. 真题再现： l.(2024江苏南京期中，译林版)My parents often tell me_too much time playing computer games,. A.not to spend B.to not spend C.don't spend D.not spend 答案：A解析：tell sb not to do sth为固定结构，意为”告诉某人不要做某事”，动词不定式 的否定形式是在to前加not。 2.(2023江苏苏州月考，译林版)We heard the girl in the next room when we passed by.. A.sings B.sang C.to sing D.sing 8下译林版 【寒假专版】 动词不定式进阶用法精讲 答案：D解析：hear为感官动词，主动语态中接不带to的不定式作宾补，hear sb do sth表 示”听到某人做某事（全过程）”，故选D。 重难点二：动词不定式作状语的用法讲解： 动词不定式可作目的状语、结果状语和原因状语。 1.作目的状语：常位于句首或句末，可译为”为了”，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。 To catch the early bus,he got up at five o'clock.He got up at five o'clock to catch the early bus. 2.作结果状语：常位于句末，常与oly连用，表示”意外的结果”。 He hurried to the station,only to find the train had left. 3.作原因状语：常位于表语形容词后，说明产生某种情绪或状态的原因。 I'm glad to see you here. She was sad to hear the bad news. 真题再现： 1.（2024江苏无锡期末，译林版)_improve his English,he joined an English club last month, A.So that B.In order to C.Because D.Thanks to 答案：B解析：根据句意”为了提高他的英语水平，他上个月加入了一个英语俱乐部”，此 处需用不定式作目的状语，In order to后接动词原形，符合语境：So that后接从句，Because 和Thanks to后接名词或名词短语，故选B。 2.(2023江苏常州期中，译林版)The little girl was so happy_her mother a present on Mother's Day. A.give B.giving C.to give D.gave 答案：C 解析：be+形容词+to do sth”中，不定式作原因状语，说明产生某种情绪的原因， 故选C。 重难点三：动词不定式的省略及t作形式主语/宾语的用法讲解： 1.不定式的省略：当不定式在句中再次出现，且与前面的不定式结构一致时，为避免重复，可省 略to后的动词原形，只保留to。 -Would you like to go shopping with me?-I'd love to,but I have to finish my homework. He didn't come,but he promised to. 2.t作形式主语/宾语：当不定式作主语或宾语时，为避免句子头重脚轻，常用t作形式主语或形 8下译林版 【寒假专版】 动词不定式进阶用法精讲 式宾语，而将真正的不定式（短语）放在句末。 (I)it作形式主语：It+be+形容词/名词+(for/of sb)+to do sth It is important for us to learn English well. It is kind of you to help me. (2)it作形式宾语：主语+动词+it+形容词/名词+to do sth(常见动词有find、think、feel、make 等) I find it easy to learn swimming. He thinks it his duty to help the poor. 真题再现： 1.(2024江苏扬州期末，译林版)It is necessary_us_hands before meals.. A.for;to wash B.of,to wash C.for;washing D.of,washing 答案：A:解析：”Itis+形容词+for sb to do sth”为固定句型，necessary描述事物性质，用 for引出逻辑主语us,故选A。 2.(2023 江苏南通月考，译林版)She feels_hard to finish the work in such a short time. A.this B.that C.it D.its 答案：C解析：feel后接it作形式宾语，真正宾语是to finish the work in such a short time,形 容词hard作宾语补足语，故选C。 重难点四：动词不定式作定语的用法讲解： 动词不定式作定语时，通常位于被修饰词之后，与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的主谓、动宾或同位 关系。 1.主谓关系：被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语。 He is always the first to come to school. 2.动宾关系：被修饰词是不定式的逻辑宾语，此时不定式中的动词必须是及物动词，如果不定式 为不及物动词，后面需加上适当的介词。 I have a lot of homework to do. There is a small room to live in. 真题再现： 3 8下译林版 【寒假专版】 动词不定式进阶用法精讲 l.(2023江苏镇江期中，译林版)Do you have anything_for your parents? A.to buy B.buying C.buy D.bought 答案：A 解析：此处用动词不定式to buy作后置定语修饰anything,anything与to buy构成 动宾关系，意为”要买给父母的东西”，故选A。 2.(2024江苏泰州月考，译林版)We need a pen_ A.to write B.writing C.to write with D.written with 答案：C解析：write为不及物动词，pen是to write的逻辑宾语，需加介词with,构成to write with a pen,故选C。 易错点综合演练 I单项选择（直击重难点） 1.The teacher told us noise in the library. A.not make B.to not make C.not to make D.don't make 2.I saw Tom basketball on the playground when I walked past A.plays B.played C.to play D.play 3 get good grades,Lily studies very hard every day. A.So that B.In order to C.Because D.Thanks to 4.It is easy English well if you practice every day. A.for us learn B.of us to learn C.for us to learn 8下译林版 【寒假专版】 动词不定式进阶用法精讲 D.of us learning Ⅱ用所给词的适当形式填空（强化句型结构） 1.My parents want me(be)a scientist in the future. 2.He was made (stand)outside the classroom for being late. 3.I'm happy(meet)you at the party yesterday. 4.She found it difficult (finish)the work alone. 血.短文填空（综合运用不定式） 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。 Jane is a kind girl.She likes(help)others.Last week,she saw an oldman fall down on the street.She stopped(help)him stand up.The old man was very grateful and asked Jane(leave)her name and address,but she refused.Jane thinks it is happy(do)something good for people.Her parents often tell her(be)helpful to others.She promises(keep)doing good deeds. V.连词成句（聚焦句型结构） 1.to,the,we,early,get up,catch,bus,( 2.hear,I,her,sing,in the room,now,(.) 3.is,important,for,it,us,exercise,every day,to,(. 4.my mother,me,told,not,computer games,play,too much,(. V.按要求改写句子（巩固不定式用法） l.Ie asked me to clean the room.(改为否定句) 一 2.We saw him run into the building.(改为被动语态) 3.To learn English well is necessary.(用it作形式主语改写句子) 4.She is glad to receive the gift.（对划线部分提间) 综合演练参考答案 5 8下译林版 【寒假专版】 动词不定式进阶用法精讲 L单项选择：1.C2.D3.B4.C Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空：l.tobe2.to stand3.to meet 4.to finish Ⅲ.短文填空： 1.helping 2.to help 3.to leave 4.to do 5.to be 6.to keep V.连词成句： 1.We get up early to catch the bus. 2.I hear her sing in the room now. 3.It is important for us to exercise every day. 4.My mother told me not to play too much computer games. V按要求改写句子： 1.He asked me not to clean the room. 2.He was seen to run into the building by us. 3.It is necessary to learn English well. 4.Why is she glad? 6