现在完成时系统用法-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册语法重难点精讲（沪教版）

8下沪教上海版 【语法专版】 重难点精讲 语法专版 【语法专题】现在完成时系统用法专项突破 初中沪教上海版八年级下册 语法精讲 语法概述：现在完成时系统用法=表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或 从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，常与already,.yet,ever,never,.just,for+时间段，since+ 时间点等词连用，在句中由“have/has+动词过去分词”构成。 重难点讲解 重难点一：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别讲解： 现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响或结果，常与already,yet,ever,never,.just,recently,so far, for+时间段，since+时间点等状语连用，谓语结构为“have/has+过去分词”。 I have finished my homework,so I can watch TV now.(过去完成作业对现在的影响是能看电视) He has lived here since2010.(从2010年住到现在，持续到现在) 般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在无关，常与yesterday,.last week n2019,just now等具体过去时间状语连用，谓语用动词过去式。 I finished my homework yesterday.(只说明昨天完成作y业，与现在无关) He lived here in20l0.(2010年住过这里，现在是否住不确定) 真题再现： 1.(2024上海浦东期中，沪教上海版)一_you_the film before?一Yes,I一it last month. A.Did;see;saw B.Have;seen;saw C.Have;seen;have seen D.Did;see;have seen 答案：B解析：第一句有before强调过去动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时Have,seen;第 二句有last month具体过去时间，用一般过去时saw。 2.(2023上海徐汇月考，沪教上海版)My father_in this factory for20 years and he_here when he was 25. A.worked;came B.has worked;has come 8下沪教上海版 【语法专版】 重难点精讲 C.has worked;came D.worked;has come 答案：C解析：第一句for20 years表示从过去持续到现在的动作，用现在完成时has worked: 第二句when he was25是具体过去时间，用一般过去时came。 重难点二：have/has been to,have/has gone to与have/has been in的用法区别讲解： have/has been to表示“去过某地（已回来）”，可与once,twice,.ever,never等连用。 She has been to Beijing three times.(她去过北京三次，现在不在北京) have/has gone to表示“去了某地（未回来）”，主语为第三人称时使用，不能用于第一、二人称。 My brother has gone to Shanghai.(我哥哥去上海了，现在不在这儿) have/has been in表示“在某地待了多久”，常与for+时间段或since+-时间点连用。 They have been in London for two weeks.(他们在伦敦待了两周了，现在仍在伦敦) 真题再现： 1.(2024上海静安期末，沪教上海版)-Where is Lucy?Icam't find her.一Shethe library. She will be back in an hour. A.has been to B.has gone to C.has been in D.went to 答案：B解析：Lucy现在不在说话现场，去了图书馆还没回来，用has gone to。. 2.(2023上海闵行月考，沪教上海版)Mr.Green our school for5 years and he_many places in China since he came here. A.has been in;has been to B.has gone to;has been to C.has been to;has been in D.has gone to;has been in 答案：A解析：第一句for5 years表示在某地待的时间，用has been in;第二句many places 表示去过的地方，用has been to。 重难点三：现在完成时的时间状语讲解： 现在完成时常与以下时间状语连用： 。不确定的过去时间：already(肯定句)，yet(否定句/疑问句)，ever,never,just(位于have/has 后) I have already cleaned my room.(肯定句用already) 8下沪教上海版 【语法专版】 重难点精讲 Have you finished your work yet?(疑问句用yet) He has just left the office.(just位于has后) 。从过去持续到现在的时间：for+时间段(for two days),since+-时间点(since2018/since he came) We have studied English for three years.(for+时间段) They have lived here since2ol5.(since+时间点) ●表示“到目前为止”：so far,up to now,recently So far,,I have learned 1000 English words.(到目前为止) 注意：现在完成时不能与具体过去时间状语（如yesterday,,last week,in2020)连用。 真题再现： 1.(2024 上海虹口期中，沪教上海版)一How long your uncle一in this city?一For about10 years. A.has;arrived B.has;been C.did;arrive D.will;be 答案：B解析：How long提问时间段，谓语动词需用延续性动词，arrive是非延续性动词， 转化为bein,现在完成时结构为has been。 2.(2023上海杨浦期末，沪教上海版)My mother never to the Great Wal,so we plan to go there this summer A.has;gone B.is;going C.has;been D.was;going 答案：C解析：never是现在完成时标志词，“去过某地（已回来）”用has been to,句中to 被省略(the Great Wall前有介词to时，此处完整为has been to,因空格后无to,直接填has, been)。 重难点四：现在完成时的被动语态讲解： 现在完成时被动语态结构：主语+have/has+been+过去分词 主动句：We have finished the project. 被动句：The project has been finished.(项目已被完成) 注意：不及物动词（如happen,appear,die)无被动语态。 The accident has happened.(正确，happen无被动) The accident has been happened.(错误) 3 8下沪教上海版 【语法专版】 重难点精讲 真题再现： 1.(2024 上海黄浦期中，沪教上海版)Many new schools_in our city in the past five years. A.build B.built C.have built D.have been built 答案：D,解析：in the past five years是现在完成时标志词，schools与build是被动关系，用 现在完成时被动语态have been built。. 2.(2023上海长宁月考，沪教上海版)一the homework yet?-Yes,it by Tom an hour ago. A.Has;been finished;was finished B.Has;finished;finished C.Was;finished;has been finished D.Did;finish;was finished 答案：A解析：第一句有yet用现在完成时，homework与finish是被动关系，用Has,been finished;第二句an hour ago是一般过去时标志词，用was finished。 易错点综合演练 L单项选择（直击重难点) 1.-you the Great Wall before? -Yes,I there with my parents last summer. A.Did;visit;visited B.Have;visited;visited C.Have;visited;have visited D.Did;visit;have visited 2.My brother in this school for three years and he here in 2023. A.studied;came B.has studied,has come C.has studied came D.studied;has come 3.-Where is Tom?I need to talk to him. -He the teachers'office.He will be back in ten minutes. A.has been to 8下沪教上海版 【语法专版】 重难点精讲 B.has gone to C.has been in D.went to 4.How long your grandparents in the countryside? -For about five years. A.have:lived B.did;live C.will;live D.do;live Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化句型结构） 1.She(never be)to Shanghai,so she is looking forward to the trip. 2.The new library(build)since last year and it will open next month. 3.-you(finish)your homework yet? -Yes,I (just do)it. 4.They(live)in this town since 2018. 5.My father(work)in the factory for 15 years and he(start)to work there when he was 20. Ⅱ.短文填空（综合运用现在完成时） 用have/has been to,have/has gone to,.have/has been in或动词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。 Hello,I'm Lily.I 1.(live)in this city for 10 years.Last month,my cousin Lucy came to visit me. She 2.(never be)to a big city before,so she was very excited.On the first day,we 3.(go)to the museum.Lucy said it was amazing.The next day,my parents 4.(take)us to the park.We 5. (have)a great time there.Now,Lucy 6.(go)back to her hometown,but we often talk on the phone.I 7.(make)many friends here and I love this city very much. V.连词成句（聚焦句型结构) 1.have,yet,you,your,finished,homework,(? 2.for,he,has,years,taught,English,ten,(. 3.the,has,to,she,beach,twice,been,(. 4.since,they,here,2019,have,lived,(. 5.my,gone,to,father,Beijing,has,(. 8下沪教上海版 【语法专版】 重难点精讲 V.按要求改写句子（巩固否定、疑问句式） l.He has lived in Beijing for five years.(改为否定句) 2.They have finished the project.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) 3.I have been to the Great Wall twice.(对划线部分提问) 4.Tom has worked in this company since2020.(对划线部分提问) 参考答案 I.单项选择：1B2.C3.B4.A Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空： 1.has never been 2.has been built 3.Have;finished;have just done 4.have lived 5.has worked;started Ⅲ短文填空： 1.have lived 2.has never been 3.went 4.took 5.had 6.has gone 7.have made V.连词成句： 1.Have you finished your homework yet? 2.He has taught English for ten years. 3.She has been to the beach twice. 4.They have lived here since 2019. 5.My father has gone to Beijing V按要求改写句子： 1.He hasn't lived in Beijing for five years. 2.Have they finished the project?Yes,they have. 6 8下沪教上海版 【语法专版】 重难点精讲 3.How many times have you been to the Great Wall? 4.How long has Tom worked in this company? 7