介词短语搭配-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册语法重难点精讲（沪教版）

8下沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 寒假专版 【语法专题】介词短语搭配专项突破 初中沪教上海版八年级下册 语法精讲 语法概述：介词短语搭配（由介词和名词、代词或相当于名词的词构成）=介词+宾语，在句中 可作状语、定语、表语。 重难点讲解 重难点一：常用介词与动词的固定搭配讲解： 介词与动词的搭配是介词短语的核心，需重点记忆固定组合，常见的有look at(看)、1 isten to(听)、wait for（等待)、depend on(依靠)、agree with(同意)等。这些搭配中的介词不 可随意替换，需通过语境理解和机械记忆结合掌握。 例句： 。Please look at the blackboard and read after me.(请看黑板并跟我读。) ·She always listens to music while doing homework.(她做作业时总听音乐。) 。We are waiting for the bus at the bus stop.(我们在公交站等公交车。) 真题再现： 1.(2024上海浦东期末，沪教上海版)一What are you looking._? -My lost key.I can't find it anywhere. A.at B.for C.after D.up 答案：B解析：根据答句“找丢失的钥匙”，固定搭配1 ook for表示“寻找”，故选B。 2.(2023上海徐汇月考，沪教上海版)The little girl is afraid_dogs because she was bitten before. A.of B.with C.to D.at 答案：A解析：be afraid of为固定搭配，意为“害怕…”，后接名词或动名词，故选A。 8下沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 重难点二：介词与时间、地点的搭配区别讲解： 1.时间搭配： 。at用于具体时刻（如at7:00)、节日（如at Christmas) ·on用于具体日期（如on Monday、on June1st)、特定某天的早/中/晚（如on a cold morning) 。n用于年/月/季节（如in2023、in summer)、泛指的早/中/晚（如in the morning) 2.地点搭配： 。at用于小地点（如at the park、at the door) 。on用于平面或线上（如on the table、on the street) ·n用于大地点或空间内部（如in Shanghai、in the room) 例句： ·We will have a party on New Year'sEve.(我们将在除夕举办派对。) ●My father usually goes to work at8:00 in the morning.(我爸爸通常早上8点上班。) 。There is a book on the desk and a pen in the pencil case.(桌上有本书，铅笔盒里有支笔。) 真题再现： 1.(2024上海静安期末，沪教上海版)We usually have a long holiday July and August. A.on B.at C.in D.between 答案：C 解析：月份前用介词in,“在七月和八月”用in July and August,故选C。 2.(2023 上海杨浦期中，沪教上海版)The Smiths live_No.123 Garden Street,.Shanghai. A.at B.on C.in D.to 答案：A解析：具体门牌号前用介词at,表示“在…地址”，故选A。 重难点三：介词短语在句中的语法功能讲解： 介词短语在句中可作定语、状语或表语，需根据位置和语境判断其作用： 。定语：修饰名词，置于名词后，如the book on the shelf(书架上的书) 。状语：修饰动词/形容词/整个句子，表示时间、地点、方式等，如He walked home with a 2 8下沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 smi1e（他笑着走回家) ·表语：置于系动词后，如My pen is in the bag(我的笔在包里) 例句： 。The girl in a red dress is my sister.(穿红裙子的女孩是我妹妹。)—一定语 。They study English in the classroom.(他们在教室里学英语。)一地点状语 。Her favorite season is in winter.(她最喜欢的季节是冬天。)一表语 真题再现： 1.(2024 上海闵行期末，沪教上海版)The man a black coat is our new math teacher. A.on B.with C.in D.wear 答案：C 解析：介词短语in a black coat作定语修饰the man,表示“穿黑外套的男人”， 故选C。 2.(2023上海虹口月考，沪教上海版)-Where did you meet your old friend? -I met her the way to school. A.in B.on C.by D.at 答案：B解析：固定短语on the way to表示“在去…的路上”，作地点状语，故选B。 重难点四：易混淆介词的辨析(in/on/at与for/since) 讲解： 1.in/on/at空间辨析： 。in强调“在内部”（如in the box) 。on强调“在表面接触”（如on the wall) 。at强调“在具体位置点”（如at the corner) 2.for/since时间辨析： ·for后接时间段，表示“持续多久”（如for3 years) 。since后接时间点，表示“从…开始”（如since2020),常用于现在完成时 例句： ●The picture is on the wall,,and the clock is in the box.(画在墙上，钟在盒子里。) 3 8下沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 ·He has lived in Shanghai for5 years(他在上海住了5年了。) ·We have been friends since primary school..(我们从小学就是朋友。) 真题再现： 1.(2024 上海长宁期末，沪教上海版)My brother has studied abroad_two years ago. A.for B.since C.in D.on 答案：B解析：two years ago是时间点，用since表示“从两年前开始”，与现在完成时 连用，故选B。 2.(2023上海普陀期中，沪教上海版)There is a map of China_the back wall of our classroom. A.in B.at C.on D.to 答案：C解析：地图贴在墙的表面，用介词o,表示“在…上面（接触表面）”，故选C。 易错点综合演练 I单项选择（直击重难点） 1.She often attention to her pronunciation when speaking English. A.pays B.takes C.makes D.gives 2.We usually have dinner 7:00 p.m.and watch TV the evening. A.at;in B.on;at C.in;on D.at;on 3.The woman a blue coat is our new history teacher. A.with B.in C.on D.at 8下沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 4.My brother has been interested in science he was ten years old. A.for B.since C.in D.on Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化介词搭配） 1.Look!The children are waiting(for/at)the school bus at the stop. 2.We will have a picnic(on/in)Sunday morning if the weather is fine. 3.She is afraid(of/to)swimming because she can't swim well. 4.There is a big tree(in/at)the comner of the street. Ⅲ，短文填空（综合运用介词） 用适当的介词填空，使短文完整通顺。 Hello!My name is Lucy.I livea small village Shandong Province.Every morning,I get up_ 6:30 and walk to school.My school is the end of the street.I have lunch school with my classmates. After school,I often play games the playground my friends.weekends,I usually help my mom clean the house.I love my life here! V.连词成句（聚焦介词短语） 1.the desk,on,is,my English book,(. 2.afraid of,the little boy,dogs,is,( 3.will,we,at 3:00 p.m.,meet,the park,at,( 4.has lived,for,in Shanghai,my uncle,five years,(. V.按要求改写句子（巩固介词用法） l.He finished his homework at nine last night..(对划线部分提间) 2.The cat is on the chair.(对划线部分提问) 3.They have known each other since2018.(对划线部分提问) 4.She depends on her parents for money.(改为否定句) 5 8下沪教上海版 【寒假专版】D版重难点精讲 综合演练参考答案 I.单项选择：1.A2.A3.B4.B Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空：1for2.on3.of4.at Ⅱ.短文填空： 1.in 2.in 3.at 4.at 5.at 6.on 7.with 8.On V.连词成句： 1.My English book is on the desk. 2.The little boy is afraid of dogs. 3.We will meet at the park at 3:00 p.m. 4.My uncle has lived in Shanghai for five years. V.按要求改写句子： 1.When did he finish his homework last night? 2.Where is the cat? 3.How long have they known each other? 4.She doesn't depend on her parents for money. 6