非谓语动词-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册语法重难点精讲（沪教版）

8下沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 寒假专版 【语法专题】非谓语动词专项突破 初中沪教上海版八年级下册 语法精讲 语法概述：非谓语动词=不能作谓语但具有动词特征的动词形式，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、 定语、状语、宾语补足语。 一、重难点讲解 重难点一：非谓语动词的基本形式及句法功能讲解： 非谓语动词包括不定式(todo)入动名词(doing)和分词（现在分词doing/过去分词done),它们 不能独立作谓语，但可充当主语、宾语、定语、状语等成分。 .不定式：常表目的、将来或具体动作，结构为“to+动词原形”（否定式在to前加ot)。 -动名词：常表泛指或习惯性动作，结构为“动词-ig”,具有名词性质。 -分词：现在分词表主动/进行，过去分词表被动/完成。 例句： 。不定式作宾语：She wants to learn English well.（具体动作) 。动名词作主语：Swimming is good for health.(泛指动作) 。现在分词作定语：The running water is clean..(主动/进行) ●过去分词作状语：Seen from the hill,,the city looks beautiful.(被动/完成) 真题再现： 1.(2024 上海浦东区期中)We plan a picnic in the park this weekend A.have B.to have C.having D.had 答案：B解析：plan后接不定式作宾语，构成“plan to do sth.”,表示“计划做某事”。 2.(2023上海徐汇区月考)carefully is important for learning English, A.Listen B.To listen C.Listening 8下沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 D.Listened 答案：C解析：此处需用动名词作主语，表示泛指的动作“认真听”，故选Listening: 重难点二：不定式与动名词作宾语的区别讲解： 部分动词后只能接不定式作宾语（如want,hope,decide,.refuse等），部分动词后只能接动名词作宾 语（如enjoy,finish,mind,practice等），还有部分动词（如like,stat,begin等）后接不定式或动名 词均可，但意义有别：不定式表具体动作，动名词表习惯性动作。 例句： 。接不定式：He decided to leave early.(具体决定) 。接动名词：She enjoys reading novels.(习惯性爱好) 。可接两者：I like to swim in summer..(具体动作)/I like swimming.(习惯性爱好) 真题再现： 1.(2024 上海黄浦区期末)My brother practices_the piano for two hours every day. A.play B.to play C.playing D.played 答案：C 解析：practice后接动名词作宾语，构成“practice doing sth.”,表示“练习做某事”。 2.(2023 上海闵行区期中)They hope_to the Great Wall next month, A.go B.to go C.going D.goes 答案：B 解析：hope后接不定式作宾语，构成“hope to do sth.”,表示“希望做某事”。 重难点三：分词作定语和状语的用法讲解： .作定语：现在分词（主动/进行）和过去分词（被动完成）置于名词前或后，修饰名词。 -现在分词：a boiling pot(正在沸腾的锅，主动) -过去分词：a broken cup（破碎的杯子，被动) .作状语：现在分词表主动/伴随，过去分词表被动/原因，逻辑主语需与句子主语一致。 -现在分词：Walking along the street,I met an old friend.(主动，表伴随) -过去分词：Moved by his story,we all cried.(被动，表原因) 真题再现： 1.(2024 上海杨浦区月考)The girl in red is my sister. A.wear B.to wear 2 8下沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 C.wearing D.worn 答案：C解析：现在分词wearing作定语，修饰he girl,表主动“穿着红色衣服的女孩”。 2.（2023上海静安区期末)the classroom,the students began to read books. A.Cleaning B.Cleaned C.To clean D.Clean 答案：B解析：过去分词Cleaned表被动，逻辑主语the students与clean之间是被动关系 (教室被打扫)，作时间状语。 重难点四：非谓语动词的否定形式讲解： 非谓语动词的否定式均在其前加“not”。 -不定式：not to do -动名词：not doing -分词：not doing(现在分词)/not done(过去分词) 例句： 。不定式否定：He promised not to be late again. 。动名词否定：Not finishing homework on time made the teacher angry. ●分词否定：Not knowing his address,I couldn't visit him. 真题再现： 1.(2024上海长宁区期中)The teacher told us noise in class. A.not make B.not to make C.don't make D.not making 答案：B解析：tell后接不定式作宾语补足语，否定式为“tell sb.not to do sth.”,表示“告 诉某人不要做某事”。 2.(2023上海普陀区期末)enough time,we had to put off the project.. A.Not having B.Not have C.Not to have D.Not had 答案：A解析：现在分词的否定式Not having作原因状语，逻辑主语we与have之间是主 动关系，表示“因为没有足够的时间”。 3 8下沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 易错点综合演练 L单项选择（直击重难点) 1.She wants a new dress for her birthday. A.buy B.to buy C.buying D.bought 2.English movies is a good way to improve listening skills. A.Watch B.To watch C.Watching D.Watched 3.My brother enjoysfootball with his friends after school. A.play B.to play C.playing D.played 4.He decided to the mountains for vacation last night. A.go B.to go C.going D.goes Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化句型结构） 1.She hopes (visit)her grandparents next Sunday. 2.We finished (clean)the classroom ten minutes ago. 3.(not talk)in class.The teacher is explaining the lesson. 4.The girl (read)a book now is my best friend. 5.He practices(speak)English every morning. Ⅲ.短文填空（综合运用非谓语动词） 用所给词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。 Tom likes(play)basketball very much.He often practices(shoot)after school.Last week,he decided (join)the school basketball team.His coach told him(train)hard every day.Now,he is trying (improve)his skills.He hopes (become)a good player in the future. 4 8下沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 V.连词成句（聚焦句型结构） 1.to,the,I,buy,a,want,new,book,shop,in (. 2.swimming,summer,in,likes,she(.) 3.finish,homework,he,his,to,needs (. 4.carefully,is,important,listening,for,study(.) 5.enjoy,music,I,to,in,evening,the,listening (. V.按要求改写句子（巩固非谓语动词用法） 1.He enjoys playing computer games.(对划线部分提问) 2.She decided to go shopping with her mother.(改为否定句) 3.The running boy is my brother.(改为同义句) 4.I hope to see you soon.(改为一般疑问句) 参考答案 I.单项选择：1B2.C3.C4.B Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空：1.to visit2.cleaning3.Don't talk4.reading5.speaking Ⅲ.短文填空：1.playing2.shooting3.to join4.to train5.to improve6.to become V.连词成句： 1.I want to buy a new book in the shop. 2.She likes swimming in summer. 3.He needs to finish his homework. 4.Listening carefully is important for study. 5 8下沪教上海版 【寒假专版】D版重难点精讲 5.I enjoy listening to music in the evening V.按要求改写句子： 1.What does he enjoy doing? 2.She decided not to go shopping with her mother. 3.The boy who is running is my brother. 4.Do you hope to see me soon? 6