动名词与动词不定式的用法-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册语法重难点精讲（沪教版）

8下沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 寒假专版 【语法专题】动名词与动词不定式的用法专 项突破 初中沪教上海版八年级下册 语法精讲 语法概述：动名词（动词+ig形式）=具有名词性质的动词形式，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语： 动词不定式(to+动词原形)=具有名词、形容词或副词性质的动词形式，在句中可作主语、宾语、 表语、定语、状语。 重难点讲解 重难点一：动名词与动词不定式作主语的用法区别讲解： 动名词(V-ig)作主语时，通常表示抽象的、习惯性的动作，谓语动词用单数形式。 动词不定式(t0+动词原形)作主语时，常表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作，为避免句子头重 脚轻，常用t作形式主语，将不定式后置。 例句： ·Swimming is good for health.(游泳有益健康，表习惯性动作) 。To finish the work in an hour is impossible.(一小时内完成工作不可能，表具体动作) ●It is important to learn English well.(学好英语很重要，it作形式主语) 真题再现： 1.(2024 上海浦东期末，沪教上海版)in the morning is a good habit for students. A.Run B.Running C.Torun D.Runs 答案：B解析：表示习惯性动作“晨跑”，用动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数s,故选B。 2.(2023上海徐汇月考，沪教上海版)It is necessary_ushard every day A.for;study B.of,to study C.for;to study D.of,study 8下沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 答案：C解析：句中it为形式主语，真正主语是动词不定式，结构为“Itis+形容词+for sb to do sth.”,表示“对某人来说做某事…”，故选C。 重难点二：动名词与动词不定式作宾语的用法区别讲解： 。有些动词后只能接动名词作宾语，常见动词有enjoy,finish,practice,mind,keep,avoid,suggest 等。 。有些动词后只能接动词不定式作宾语，常见动词有want,hope,decide,.plan,ty,wish,need,agree 等。 ·有些动词后既可接动名词也可接不定式，意义基本相同，如stat,begin,like,love,hate等；有 些意义不同，如remember(记得做过某事用动名词，记得去做某事用不定式)、forget(忘记 做过某事用动名词，忘记去做某事用不定式)、$op(停止做某事用动名词，停下来去做另 件事用不定式)。 例句： ·She enjoys listening to music.(enjoy后接动名词) ·He finished doing his homework at nine.(finish后接动名词) 。I want to buy a new book.(want后接不定式) ●They decided to visit the museum tomorrow.(decide后接不定式) ·I like reading/to read books.(意义基本相同) ·Remember to lock the door when you leave.(记得去锁门，未做) 。I remember locking the door this morning.(记得锁过门了，已做) 真题再现： l.(2024上海静安期中，沪教上海版)My brother practices basketball every afternoon, A.play B.plays C.playing D.to play 答案：C 解析：practice后接动名词作宾语，practice doing sth.意为“练习做某事”，故选C。 2.（2023 上海闵行期末，沪教上海版)Don't forget_your homework to school tomorrow. A.bring B.bringing C.to bring D.brings 答案：C 解析：根据语境“明天不要忘记把作业带到学校”，表示“忘记去做某事”，用f0get to do sth.,故选C。 2 8下沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 重难点三：动名词与动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法区别讲解： 在感官动词(see,hear,watch,notice等)和使役动词(make,let,have等)后，接不带to的动词不定 式作宾语补足语，表示动作的全过程或经常性动作；接动名词作宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行。 注意：使役动词make,let,have在被动语态中，不定式作主语补足语时要还原to:help后接不定式 作宾语补足语时，to可带可不带。 例句： 。I saw him enter the room.(看见他进入房间，全过程，不带to的不定式) ·I heard her singing in the next room.(听见她正在隔壁唱歌，正在进行，动名词) 。He was made to work twelve hours a day.(被动语态，还原to) ●She often helps me(to)learn English.(help后to可省) 真题再现： 1.(2024 上海虹口月考，沪教上海版)We watched the children_happily in the park yesterday. A.play B.playing C.to play D.plays 答案：A解析：句中有时间状语yesterday,强调“看见孩子们在公园里快乐地玩耍”的全 过程，watch后接不带to的不定式作宾补，故选A。 2.(2023上海杨浦期末，沪教上海版)I noticed a man into the house when I walked past,. A.go B.to go C.going D.goes 答案：C解析：根据“when I walked past”可知，强调“路过时注意到一个男人正走进房 子”，表示动作正在进行，notice后接动名词作宾补，故选C。 重难点四：动名词的复合结构与动词不定式的逻辑主语讲解： 动名词的复合结构由“形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+动名词”构成，在句中可作主语、宾语等， 当逻辑主语为无生命名词或泛指时，可用名词普通格或人称代词宾格。 动词不定式的逻辑主语由“for/of+名词/代词宾格+不定式”构成，for常用于表示事物的性质，of 常用于表示人的品质。 例句： ●His coming late made the teacher angry.（形容词性物主代词His+动名词coming,作主语) ●Do you mind my/me opening the window?(myme+动名词opening,作宾语) ·It is easy for him to solve the problem.(for+him+不定式，表事物性质easy) 3 8下沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 ·It is kind of you to help me..(of+you+不定式，表人品质kind) 真题再现： l.(2024上海黄浦期中，沪教上海版)English well is important for us students. A.Tom learns B.Tom's learning C.Tom learn D.Tom to learn 答案：B解析：此处需用动名词复合结构作主语，表示“汤姆学好英语”，名词所有格To s+动名词learning,故选B。 2.(2023上海长宁期末，沪教上海版)It's clever you the math problem so quickly. A.for;solving B.of,to solve C.for;to solve D.of,solving 答案：B解析：形容词clever表示人的品质，逻辑主语结构用“of+代词宾格+不定式”，故 选B。 易错点综合演练 L.单项选择（直击重难点） 1.Playing sports every day good for your health. A.is B.are C.be D.am 2.She decided a trip to the countryside this weekend. A.take B.taking C.to take D.takes 3.I heard someone in the next room when I passed by. A.sing B.singing C.to sing D.sings 4.It's kind youme carry the heavy box 4 8下沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 A.for;help B.of,to help C.for;to help D.of;help Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化句型结构） 1.My brother enjoys(play)computer games in his free time. 2.Remember (turn)off the lights before you leave the classroom. 3.The teacher made us (read)the text aloud yesterday. 4.Tom's(arrive)late made the whole class wait for him Ⅲ.短文填空（综合运用动名词与动词不定式） 用所给动词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。 My friend Lily loves(dance).She practices(dance)every evening.Last week,she decided (join)a dance club.Her parents agreed(support)her.Now,she hopes(win)the school dance competition next month.She often asks me (watch)her practice and(give)her advice.I think she will succeed because she keeps_(try)hard. V.连词成句（聚焦句型结构) 1.to,it,important,is,English,learn,well,(. 2.mind,you,my,opening,the,window,(? 3.forgot,I,my,bring,homework,to,school,(. 4.stop,the,students,talking,teacher,the,asked,to,(. 5.swimming,in,summer,likes,he,( V.按要求改写句子（巩固动名词与不定式用法） l.He finished doing his homework an hour ago.(对划线部分提间) 2.She wants to buy a new dress.(改为否定句) 3.I saw him go into the shop.(改为被动语态) 4.It is necessary for us to learn a foreign language.(改为同义句) Learning a foreign language necessary for us. 5 8下沪教上海版 【寒假专版】D版重难点精讲 参考答案 I.单项选择：1.A2.C3.B4.B Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空：1.playing2.to turn 3.read 4.arriving 皿.短文填空： 1.dancing 2.dancing 3.to join 4.to support 5.to win 6.to watch 7.give 8.trying V.连词成句： 1.It is important to learn English well. 2.Do you mind my opening the window? 3.I forgot to bring my homework to school. 4.The teacher asked the students to stop talking. 5.He likes swimming in summer. V按要求改写句子： 1.What did he finish doing an hour ago? 2.She doesn't want to buy a new dress. 3.He was seen to go into the shop. 4.is 6