被动语态一现一过一将含情态动词-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册语法重难点精讲（沪教版）

8下沪教上海版 【语法专版】 被动语态精讲 语法专版 【语法专题】被动语态专项突破 初中沪教上海版八年级下册 语法精讲 语法概述：被动语态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、含情态动词）=动作的承受者作 主语，强调动作被谁做或如何被做，基本结构为b动词情态动词+及物动词的过去分词”，在句 中可作谓语。 重难点讲解 重难点一：被动语态的基本结构及时态对应讲解： 被动语态基本结构为be动词+及物动词过去分词”，不同时态通过b动词的形式变化体现： 一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词（主语是动作承受者，强调经常性、习惯性的被动动作） The classroom is cleaned every day.(教室每天被打扫) 一般过去时：was/were+过去分词（表示过去某时发生的被动动作） This story was written by Lu Xun.(这个故事是鲁迅写的) 一般将来时：will be+过去分词/am/is/are going to be+过去分词（表示将要发生的被动动作） A new hospital will be built next year..(明年将建一座新医院) 含情态动词：情态动词(can/may/must//should等)+be+过去分词（表示，能够/可以/必须/应该被.”） The work must be finished on time.(这项工作必须按时完成) 真题再现： 1.(2024 上海浦东期中，沪教上海版)Many trees in the park every spring A plant B planted C are planted D were planted 答案：C解析：every spring表明是一般现在时，tees与plant是被动关系，用are planted: 2.(2023上海徐汇期末，沪教上海版)The letter_by my brother yesterday A writes B wrote C is written D was written 答案：D解析：yesterday是过去时间，letter与write是被动关系，用was written 8下沪教上海版 【语法专版】 被动语态精讲 重难点二：主动语态变被动语态的方法讲解： 步骤1：将主动语态宾语变为主语（若宾语是代词，需由宾格变主格） 步骤2：谓语动词变为b+过去分词”，时态与主动语态一致 步骤3：将主动语态主语变为by短语（可省略，强调动作执行者时保留） 主动句：People speak English in many countries 被动句：English is spoken(by people))in many countries. 注意：含双宾语的主动句变被动时，可将间接宾语或直接宾语变为主语 He gave me a book.I was given a book (by him).A book was given to me (by him). 真题再现： 1.(2024上海闵行月考，沪教上海版)My mother made a cake for me last Sunday..(改为被动语 态) A cake for me by my mother last Sunday. 答案：was made解析：主动句是一般过去时，宾语a cake变为主语，谓语用was made。 2.(2023上海静安期中，沪教上海版)They will show a new film next week.(改为被动语态) A new film next week. 答案：will be shown解析：一般将来时主动变被动，用will be shown。 重难点三：被动语态的特殊用法及注意事项讲解： l.不及物动词（如happen,appear,,rise等)无被动语态 The accident happened yesterday.(事故昨天发生了，不能说”The accident was happened') 2.感官动词(see,hear,watch等)和使役动词(make,let,have)在主动语态中接不带to的不定式， 变被动语态时需加to 主动：We saw him enter the room.→被动：He was seen to enter the room. 主动：The teacher made us read aloud.→被动：We were made to read aloud. 3.短语动词（如look after,take care of,,put off等）变被动时，需保留短语中的介词或副词 The children are looked after well by their aunt.(孩子们被姑姑照顾得很好) 真题再现： 1.(2024上海杨浦期末，沪教上海版)We heard her sing in the next room just now..(改为被动语 态) She sing in the next room just now. 答案：was heard to解析：感官动词hear主动语态后接不带to的不定式，被动语态需加to, 般过去时被动用was heard to。 2.(2023上海虹口月考，沪教上海版)The meeting_till next Friday because the manager is ill. A puts off B put off C will be put off D will put off 答案：C解析：meeting与put off是被动关系，till next Friday表示将来，用will be put off。 2 8下沪教上海版 【语法专版】 被动语态精讲 重难点四：含情态动词的被动语态及句式转换讲解： 结构：情态动词+be+过去分词，否定句在情态动词后加not,疑问句将情态动词提至句首 肯定句：This problem can be solved easily..(这个问题能被轻易解决) 否定句：This problem cannot(can't)be solved easily 疑间句：Can this problem be solved easily? 注意：常见情态动词的被动表达：must be done(必须被做)，should be done(应该被做)，may be done(可以被做) 真题再现： 1.(2024上海长宁期中，沪教上海版)You keep the books for two weeks..(改为被动语态) The books for two weeks 答案：can be kept解析：原句含情态动词cam,主动变被动用can be kept。. 2.(2023上海普陀期末，沪教上海版)_the work_by him alone?(用must提问) 答案：Must be finished解析：含情态动词must的被动语态疑问句，将must提至句首，结 构为Must+主语+be+过去分词，此处主语是the work,谓语用be finished。 易错点综合演练 I单项选择（直击重难点） 1.Many new housesin our town last year. A build B built C are built D were built 2.The homework by students every day. A finishes B finished C is finished D was finished 3.This problem by my teacher tomorrow A explains B will explain C is explained D will be explained 4.The children to the park on Sundays A take B are taken 3 8下沪教上海版 【语法专版】 被动语态精讲 Ctook D were taken Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化句型结构） 1.These books(send)to the library yesterday. 2.A new bridge (build)over the river next year. 3.The classroom (clean)every morning by the students. 4.This song(sing)by many people now. 5.The letters (write)by my brother just now. 皿.短文填空（综合运用被动语态） 用括号内动词的被动语态适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。 A new school 1.(build)in our neighborhood last year.Now it 2.(use)by students every day. Many trees 3.(plant)around the school last month.Next month,a sports field 4.(build)too.The students say they 5.(teach)well by the teachers here.I think the school 6.(love)by everyone. V.连词成句（聚焦句型结构） 1.by,the,cake,was,my,mother,made,(. 2.be,will,a,party,held,tomorrow,in,our,school,( 3.is,English,spoken,many,in,countries,(. 4.the,classroom,cleaned,is,every,day,(. 5.must,on,time,the,work,be,finished,(. .按要求改写句子（巩固被动语态转换） l.People grow rice in the south.(改为被动语态) 2.le will finish the work tomorrow.(改为被动语态) 3.We saw him enter the room.（改为被动语态) 4. They must do the homework now.(改为被动语态) 4 8下沪教上海版 【语法专版】 被动语态精讲 综合演练参考答案 I.单项选择：1D2.C3.D4B Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空：1.were sent2.will be built3.is cleaned 4.is being sung 5.were written Ⅲ.短文填空： 1.was built 2.is used 3.were planted 4.will be built 5.are taught 6.is loved V.连词成句： 1.The cake was made by my mother. 2.A party will be held in our school tomorrow. 3.English is spoken in many countries. 4.The classroom is cleaned every day. 5.The work must be finished on time. V.按要求改写句子： 1.Rice is grown in the south. 2.The work will be finished by him tomorrow. 3.He was seen to enter the room. 4.The homework must be done by them now.