Unit 7 Outdoor fun 一般过去时-1-【简语法-单元核心语法精练】2025-2026学年译林版英语七年级下册

该初中英语学习任务单以“一般过去时”为核心，旨在帮助学生精准掌握过去动作与状态的表达。学案通过表格系统梳理语法定义、标志词、动词变化规则及核心用法，搭配典型例句与易错点提示，结合专项能力突破与解题综合提升的递进式任务，构建连贯的知识学习路径。 亮点在于“语法梳理-专项突破-综合应用”的分层设计，通过正误对比例句（如go→went纠正不规则变化误区）培养思维品质，多样化题型（单选、完成句子、阅读理解）提升语言能力，使用注意事项指导学习策略发展学习能力。为学生提供系统复习工具，为教师单元复习教学提供清晰的实施框架。

单元核心语法精练 Unit 7 Outdoor fun（新教材译林版） （一般过去时-1） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 表格系统梳理一般过去时的含义、动词变化规则、标志词及核心用法，搭配典型例句与易错点提示，助力精准掌握过去动作与状态的表达。 语法模块 核心要点 具体内容 典型例句（含正误对比） 一、核心定义与标志词 1. 定义 ① 表示过去发生的动作或行为 ② 表示过去存在的特征、状态 ① 动作：I watched TV last night.（我昨晚看电视了。） ② 状态：I was a teacher last year.（我去年是一名老师。） 2. 常见标志词 yesterday、last night/week/year、just now、the other day、some years ago、at the age of、in 1878、in the past、once upon a time、on that day She went to Beijing some years ago.（她几年前去过北京。） He finished the work just now.（他刚才完成了工作。） 二、动词变化规则 1. 规则变化 ① 一般情况：词尾加 ed（want→wanted、watch→watched、play→played） ② 以不发音 e 结尾：直接加 d（hope→hoped、live→lived、like→liked） ③ 辅音字母 + y 结尾：改 y 为 i 加 ed（study→studied、cry→cried、try→tried） ④ 重读辅元辅结尾：双写最后一个辅音字母加 ed（stop→stopped、plan→planned、shop→shopped） ① 加 ed：He wanted to go to the park.（他想去公园。） ② 加 d：She hoped for a good result.（她希望有个好结果。） ③ 改 y 为 i 加 ed：They studied hard for the exam.（他们为考试努力学习。） ④ 双写加 ed：We stopped to have a rest.（我们停下来休息。） ⑤ 错误：stop→stopied（正确为 stopped）、study→studied（非 studyed） 2. 不规则变化（重点记忆） ① be 动词：am/is→was、are→were ② 常用动词：go→went、do→did、put→put、cut→cut、eat→ate、swim→swam、buy→bought、see→saw、lose→lost、teach→taught、bring→brought、think→thought、fall→fell、break→broke、win→won、hurt→hurt、cost→cost ① be 动词：He was late yesterday.（他昨天迟到了。）/ They were happy last weekend.（他们上周末很开心。） ② 常用动词：She went to school by bike.（她骑自行车去上学了。）/ He did his homework last night.（他昨晚做了作业。）/ They bought a new car.（他们买了一辆新车。） ③ 错误：go→goed（正确为 went）、do→did（非 done，done 是过去分词） 三、核心用法与句式 1. 肯定句 ① 实义动词：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 ② be 动词：主语 + was/were + 其他 ① 实义动词：My sister bought a new dress yesterday.（我姐姐昨天买了一条新裙子。） ② be 动词：The book was on the desk just now.（这本书刚才在桌子上。） 2. 否定句 ① 实义动词：主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他 ② be 动词：主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + 其他 ① 实义动词：I didn’t watch TV last night.（我昨晚没看电视。） ② be 动词：They weren’t at home yesterday.（他们昨天不在家。） ③ 错误：He didn’t went to school.（didn’t 后接原形，正确为 go） 3. 一般疑问句 ① 实义动词：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ ② be 动词：Was/Were + 主语 + 其他？ ① 实义动词：Did you visit your grandparents last weekend？（你上周末去看望祖父母了吗？） ② be 动词：Were you late for class yesterday？（你昨天上课迟到了吗？） ③ 错误：Did she bought the book？（did 后接原形，正确为 buy） 四、核心易错点 1. 动词形式混淆 ① 规则变化双写误区：重读辅元辅结尾才双写（如 stop→stopped，help→helped 无需双写） ② 不规则动词记忆：避免用规则变化套用（如 go→went 而非 goed） ③ 否定 / 疑问句式：didn’t 后必须接动词原形 - 2. 时态标志词搭配 一般过去时需与过去时间标志词连用，不可与现在时标志词（如 now、today）混用 错误：He plays football yesterday.（yesterday 需用过去式，正确为 played） 3. be 动词与实义动词混用 肯定句中 be 动词与实义动词不可同时出现（需用 “be+doing” 表过去进行时，此处为一般过去时） 错误：They were visited their friends.（正确为 They visited their friends.） 使用注意事项 1. 不规则动词优先级：常用不规则动词（如 go、do、buy 等）需重点记忆，避免拼写错误。 2. did 的用法：否定句和疑问句中 did 是助动词，后接动词原形，不可再用过去式。 3. 状态动词的过去时：表示过去的状态（如 be、have、know 等）直接用过去式（如 had、knew）。 4. 时间标志词判断：若句中无明确过去标志词，但语境表过去（如故事叙述），也需用一般过去时。 一、单项选择 1．There ________ a 3D printer and two computers on the big desk. They belong to my brother. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】A 【详解】句意：大书桌上有一台3D打印机和两台电脑。它们属于我哥哥。 考查there be句型。is是be动词的三单形式；are是be动词的第二人称和第一三人称复数形式；was是be动词的一般过去时单数形式；were是are的过去式。根据“belong to my brother”可知，本句使用一般现在时，根据there be句型的就近原则，“a 3D printer”是单数，所以be动词使用is。故选A。 2．The Blossoms flower (《繁花》) is famous about the China that it ________Shanghai’s culture. A．pushes B．pushed C．to push D．pushing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：《繁花》如此出名，以至于它推动了上海的文化。 考查动词时态。根据主句时态“is famous”和从句内容中“Shanghai’s culture.”可知，此处描述作品客观影响，用一般现在时pushes最恰当。故选A。 3．My brother ________ to the gym to play basketball every Saturday afternoon. A．go B．goes C．went D．will go 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我弟弟每个星期六下午都去体育馆打篮球。 考查动词时态。根据“every Saturday afternoon”可知，句子描述的是经常性、习惯性的动作，即：每个星期六下午都会发生的行为，所以应该用一般现在时。主语“My brother”是第三人称单数，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式“goes”。故选B。 4．A typhoon ________ the coastal city last night, bringing strong winds and heavy rain. A．hit B．hits C．will hit D．has hit 【答案】A 【详解】句意：昨晚一场台风袭击了这座沿海城市，带来了强风和暴雨。 考查动词时态。hit袭击；hits第三人称单数；will hit一般将来时；has hit现在完成时。根据“last night”可知，句子为一般过去时，hit的过去式是hit。故选A。 5．—What do you usually do on weekends? —Read in the library. But I ________ my grandparents last weekend. A．visit B．visited C．am visiting D．will visit 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你周末通常做什么？——在图书馆看书。但上周末我去看望了我的祖父母。 考查动词过去式。根据“last weekend”可知，句子应用一般过去时，visit的过去式是visited。故选B。 6．Bob ________ basketball with his friends last Monday. A．plays B．played C．is playing D．will play 【答案】B 【详解】句意：上周一Bob和他的朋友们一起打篮球了。 考查一般过去时。根据“last Monday”可知，句子用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，played符合语境。故选B。 7．I ________ to the zoo yesterday. A．go B．goes C．goed D．went 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我昨天去了动物园。 考查一般过去时。根据时间状语“yesterday”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式went。故选D。 8．Tony ________ to work in the community last weekend. A．helps B．will help C．helped D．is helping 【答案】C 【详解】句意：托尼上周末在社区帮忙干活。 考查动词时态。根据“last weekend”可知，时态是一般过去时，谓语动词用其过去式。故选C。 9．— How did you know the news about the flood? — I ________ it on the radio this morning. A．hear B．heard C．will hear D．am hearing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你是怎么知道洪水消息的？——我今天早上在收音机上听到它。 考查动词时态。hear听到，动词原形；heard动词过去式或过去分词；will hear用于一般将来时；am hearing用于现在进行时。根据时间状语“this morning”可知，表示过去的时间，应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故选B。 10．When I was working, my mobile phone suddenly ________. A．rang B．rings C．was ringing D．were ringing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当我正在工作时，我的手机突然响了。 考查句子时态。根据“When I was working”可知，从句用了过去进行时，说明主句动作发生在过去，应用过去的时态，排除选项B；由主句中的“suddenly”可知，此处是瞬间的动作，故用一般过去时，排除选项C和D。故选A。 11．Yesterday _________ Open Day. All of our parents ______________before two o'clock. A．is, arrived B．was, arrived C．was, arrive D．is, arrive 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨天是开放日。我们的父母都在两点前到达了。 本题考查一般过去时。根据Yesterday昨天，可知描述的是过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时，故选B。 12．I________ a phone call to my friend John after dinner yesterday. A．make B．made C．was making D．makes 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨天晚饭后我给我的朋友约翰打了个电话。 考查时态。make做，动词原形；made做，过去式；was making做，过去进行时结构；makes做，动词三单；根据句意理解及句中的时间yesterday可知，动作是发生在过去，所以应该用过去时，动词要用过去式，故选B。 13．—When ________ you ________ to ride a bike? —At the age of 7. A．do; learn B．will; learn C．did; learn D．have; learned 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你什么时候学会骑自行车的？——在7岁的时候。 考查时态。根据答语“At the age of 7.”可知，学习骑自行车是过去发生的动作，且问句询问过去的具体时间，应使用一般过去时，特殊疑问句中需借助助动词did。故选C。 14．— What did you do yesterday morning? — I ________ with my parents in the park. A．walks B．walked C．am going to walk D．have walked 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——昨天早上你做了什么？——我和父母在公园散步。 考查一般过去时。根据“yesterday morning”可知，此处叙述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时。故选B。 15．I ________ to school by bike last year, but now I often ________ to school on foot. A．go; go B．went; go C．go; went D．went; went 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我去年骑自行车上学，但现在我经常步行上学。 考查一般过去时和一般现在时。前半句时间状语“last year”表明时态用一般过去时，第一个空用过去式的went作谓语；后半句“now I often”表明时态用一般现在时，位于主语“I”后，用go作谓语。故选B。 二、完成句子 16．她在博物馆看到了一些机器人。 She some in the museum. 【答案】 saw robots 【详解】根据中文提示可知，第一空缺少“看到了”，其英文表达为see，本句时态为一般过去时，需填动词过去式。第二空缺少“机器人”，其英文表达为robot，根据“some”可知，需填名词复数。故填saw；robots。 17．我们上两个小时的美术课。 We an art lesson two hours. 【答案】 have for 【详解】 上一节美术课：have an art lesson；for加一段时间；两个小时：for two hours；根据语境是一般现在时态，主语是we，谓语动词用原形，故填have；for。 18．I went to the film museum last weekend.(改为一般疑问句) go to the film museum last weekend? 【答案】 Did you 【详解】句意：我上周末去了电影博物馆。根据原句可知，是含有实意动词的一般过去时态，改为一般疑问句时，句首加did，首字母大写；第一人称I改为第二人称you；故填Did；you。 19．老师表扬了吉姆，因为他帮助了其他学生。 The teacher Jim because he helped . 【答案】 praised other students 【详解】根据句意可知，第一空意为“表扬了”，praise表示“表扬”，根据 “helped”可知，本句时态为一般过去时，此处谓语动词要用过去式praised；第二空意为“其他学生”，other表示“其他的”，student表示“学生”，要用复数形式students表示泛指，故填praised；other students。 20．soy sauce, I, to, added, the beef, a little. (连词成句) 【答案】I added a little soy sauce to the beef. 【详解】分析所给词和标点符号可知，本句是主谓宾结构的肯定句。主语是I“我”，谓语是added“加了”，宾语是a little soy sauce“一点酱油”，介词短语to the beef“往牛肉里”作补语。故填I added a little soy sauce to the beef.“我往牛肉里加了一点酱油。” 21．我上周收到了贝蒂的信。 I Betty last week. 【答案】heard from/got a letter from/received a letter from 【详解】根据中英文提示可知，空格处表示“收到某人的信”，可用动词短语“hear from sb.”“get a letter from sb.”或“receive a letter from sb.”表示；根据时间状语“last week”可知，句子用一般过去时，hear的过去式是heard，get的过去式是got，receive的过去式是received。故填heard from/got a letter from/received a letter from。 22．He slept eight hours last night. (改为一般疑问句) he eight hours last night? 【答案】 Did sleep 【详解】句意：他昨晚睡了八个小时。原句为肯定句，谓语动词是slept（sleep的过去式），改为一般疑问句时，需借助助动词did放在句首，同时原句中的谓语动词slept要还原为原形sleep，其他部分保持不变。故填Did；sleep。 23．随着时间的流逝，他逐渐忘记了那些令人痛苦的事。 As time , he forgot those painful things little by little. 【答案】 went by 【详解】根据中英文提示可知，此处使用“go by”表示“（时间）流逝”；根据句子中“forgot”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，go的过去式为went。故填went；by。 24．我把书借给了同学。 I the book to my classmate. 【答案】lent 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“借给”，lend sth. to sb.把某物借给某人。结合语境可知，动作发生在过去，故应用一般过去时，“lend”的过去式为“lent”。故填lent。 25．My father is cutting down the trees now. （用 yesterday 改写句子） My father down the trees . 【答案】 cut yesterday 【详解】句意：我爸爸现在正在砍树。yesterday是过去的时间，动词应用过去式，cut的过去式还是cut，故填cut；yesterday。 26．Peter hurt himself in the accident last year.(改为否定句) Peter himself in the accident last year. 【答案】 didn’t hurt 【详解】句意：彼得在去年的事故中受伤了。原句含有实义动词hurt，时态是一般过去时，变否定句助动词用didn’t，后跟动词原形。故填didn’t；hurt。 27．Jay Chou’s song Mojito came out in June, 2020.（改为否定句） Jay Chou’s song Mojito out in June, 2020. 【答案】 didn’t come 【详解】句意：周杰伦的歌曲《莫吉托》于2020年6月发行。原句谓语动词“came”是过去式，变否定句需借助助动词did的否定didn’t，“came”变为原形come。故填didn’t；come。 28．All of us took pride in your success. (改为同义句) All of us of your success. 【答案】 were proud 【详解】句意：我们都对你的成功很骄傲。take pride in=be proud of，意为“对……感到骄傲”。原句took用了一般过去时，可知此处be动词也用一般过去时；主语为we，be动词用were。故填were proud。 29．他昨天决定每月读完一本书。 He to finish reading a book every month yesterday. 【答案】decided/made a decision 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此空意为“决定”。decide/make a decision“决定”，用一般过去时，陈述一件过去的事。故填decided/made a decision。 30．Tom often hears from his good friend. (用just now改写句子) Tom from his good friend just now. 【答案】heard 【详解】句意：汤姆经常收到他好朋友的来信。根据“just now”可知，句子时态是一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式heard。故填heard。 三、阅读理解 A I study at school from Monday to Friday. On weekends, I usually go out to the park for a walk. There is a small hill in the park and I often have fun climbing it. For me, it’s the happiest day in the whole week. That’s only on Sunday. On Saturday, I have to take my piano lessons in the morning and have English classes in the afternoon. Jimmy During the weekdays, I am busy with my lessons, but on Tuesday, I always go swimming after school. After that, I meet some friends in a music club. We girls like playing games as much as the boys. I also enjoy chatting with some net friends on the Internet on Sunday evenings. I really enjoy this.                                                          Emily   I never go to those centres or clubs. Every day I go home on time. I never chat with strangers on the Internet. I never have time for sports and never watch TV at home. The only two things I do at home are studying and sleeping. In a word, my life is boring.                                                                             Lily 1. Now it’s 10:00 am on Saturday, what is Jimmy doing? A．Taking his piano lessons. B．Having English classes. C．Walking in the park. D．Climbing the hill. 2. Which day is the happiest day for Jimmy in a week? A．Monday. B．Saturday. C．Sunday. D．Friday. 3. Who enjoys chatting with some net friends? A．Jimmy. B．Emily. C．Lily. D．Lily’s brother. 4. The only two things Lily does at home are _______. A．watching TV and sleeping. B．studying and watching TV C．sleeping and studying. D．studying and chatting with friends. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 【导语】本文是三位学生（Jimmy、Emily和Lily）对自己周末或日常活动的描述。 1. 细节理解题。根据Jimmy的描述“On Saturday, I have to take my piano lessons in the morning”可知，周六上午Jimmy在上钢琴课，因此上午10点他正在上钢琴课。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据Jimmy的描述“For me, it’s the happiest day in the whole week. That’s only on Sunday.”可知，周日是他最开心的一天。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据Emily的描述“I also enjoy chatting with some net friends on the Internet on Sunday evenings.”可知，Emily喜欢和网友聊天。故选B。 4. 细节理解题。根据Lily的描述“The only two things I do at home are studying and sleeping.”可知，Lily在家只学习和睡觉。故选C。 B I took a trip to Malaysia during my summer vacation. Malaysia is a great country.It is to the south of China. There are many big cities with a lot of things to see there. Kuala Lumpur is the capital (首都) and largest city of Malaysia. The symbol of Malaysia, the Petronas Twin Towers (双子塔), are standing in the city center. The two towers are over 450 meters tall. As the tallest twin buildings in the world, they are the pride (骄傲) of the country. People say that there are about 32,000 windows in both towers and it takes 2 months to clean them all! George Town is also a great city to visit in Malaysia. People name it after King George Ⅲ of Britain. Every year, a lot of visitors go to visit it because they can enjoy many beautiful old buildings there. There are new buildings too, of course. People can relax and take photos. If you are interested in temples (寺庙) and street art, you can’t miss Ipoh. Lots of Chinese people live and work there. You may feel great when visiting it. Do you want to know more about Malaysia? Let the Internet help you! 1. How many cities does the passage mention(提及)? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 2. What does the underlined word “both” mean in Paragraph 2? A．The first. B．The two. C．The second. D．All of them. 3. What would be the best structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 4. What’s the writer’s purpose (目的) of writing the passage? A．To ask more people to visit Malaysia. B．To show it’s interesting to take a trip. C．To take a trip to Malaysia with friends. D．To make people know more about Malaysia. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 4. D 【导语】本文是说明文，主要介绍了马来西亚的基本情况以及吉隆坡、乔治市、怡保这几个城市的特色。 1. 细节理解题。文章中提到了吉隆坡（Kuala Lumpur）、乔治市（George Town）、怡保（Ipoh）这 3 个城市，因此文章提及的城市数量是 3 个。故选B。 2. 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“The symbol of Malaysia, the Petronas Twin Towers (双子塔), are standing in the city center.”可知，“both”指代的是“双子塔”这两个建筑，即“the two”。故选B。 3. 篇章结构题。文章第①段是总起，介绍马来西亚的整体情况；第②③④段分别介绍吉隆坡、乔治市、怡保这几个城市；第⑤段是结尾。选项C的结构（①总领，②③④分述，⑤总结）符合文章的结构逻辑。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Do you want to know more about Malaysia? Let the Internet help you!”和文章介绍了马来西亚的地理位置、主要城市及特色等内容可知，作者写作目的是让人们更多地了解马来西亚。故选D。 C Galena is a cute cat. She is 6 years old. She is black, brown and white. Her eyes are blue. Galena lives with Carrie Clark and Matt Clark in a house in Utah, the US. Matt wanted to send some shoes by post, so he put them in a big box. Galena saw the box and had fun in it. Then a postman took away the box. After that, Carrie and Matt couldn’t find Galena anywhere. They were worried and they posted online notices (网络启事) to find her. In California, some people worked in an online shop. They got a box. In it, there were shoes and a cat. What could they do with the cat? They called Brandy Hunter. Brandy worked there too, and she always helped cats. Brandy then took the cat to the vet (兽医). The cat was fine. The vet found a microchip (芯片) in the cat. In it, there was Carrie’s information. Yes, the cat is Galena. The vet then called Carrie. Carrie and Matt were happy and they planned to get Galena back. Carrie and Matt also learned a thing. They need to find Galena first, then they can post a box. 1. In which country did the story happen? A．Utah. B．America. C．England. D．California. 2. What can we learn from paragraph 2? A．Carrie didn’t really like Galena. B．Galena wanted to meet the postman. C．The postman read the online notices. D．Matt didn’t know Galena was in the box. 3. What or who helped the vet get Carrie’s information? A．Brandy’s friend. B．Matt’s shoe box. C．Galena’s microchip. D．Carrie’s online notice. 4. What do you think the writer will write next? A．How Galena gets back home. B．How Carrie helps Brandy. C．How Galena thanks the postman. D．How Matt gets to Utah from California. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 【导语】本文讲述了加利娜猫咪误被寄到加利福尼亚的故事，最终通过芯片找回了主人。 1. 细节理解题。根据“Galena lives with Carrie Clark and Matt Clark in a house in Utah, the US.”可知，这个故事发生在美国。故选B。 2. 推理判断题。根据“Matt wanted to send some shoes by post, so he put them in a big box. Galena saw the box and had fun in it. Then a postman took away the box.”可知，马特不知道猫在鞋盒里，就把鞋寄走了，说明马特并不知道加利娜在箱子里。故选D。 3. 细节理解题。根据“The cat was fine. The vet found a microchip in the cat. In it, there was Carrie’s information.”可知，宠物身上的芯片提供了主人信息，所以兽医能够联系到卡莉。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据“Carrie and Matt were happy and they planned to get Galena back.”可知，他们要把加利娜接回家，由此可推测接下来会写他们如何让猫回家。故选A。 四、选词填空 Passage 1 请认真阅读下面短文，从方框中选择适当的单词或短语，在答题卡标有题号的横线上，填入其正确形式。每个单词或短语仅用一次。 nature    goal    her    volunteer    set off The Classic of Mountains and Seas is an ancient Chinese book full of imagination. It has many amazing stories. One famous story is Kuafu Runs after the Sun. It tells us about an ancient man Kuafu. He 1 from the East Sea and chased (追赶) for the sun. It teaches us to be brave and keep trying, even when your 2 seem difficult. Another story, Jingwei Fills the Sea shows the power of never giving up. Jingwei tried to fill up the sea with stones all by 3 . The story of the Great Yu tells us the value of hard work and helping others. He 4 to help his country when the flood came. The book also talks about the 5 world, with mountains, rivers, seas and lands, showing how people in the past imagined this world around them. 【答案】1. set off 2. goals 3. herself 4. volunteered 5. natural 【导语】本文介绍了《山海经》中夸父逐日、精卫填海、大禹治水等著名故事所传达的精神，还提到这本书讲述了自然界相关内容，展现了古人对周围世界的想象 。 1. 句意：他从东海出发去追赶太阳。根据“He...from the East Sea and chased (追赶) for the sun.”可知，此处表示从东海出发，“set off”表示“出发”，且故事发生在过去，要用一般过去时，“set”的过去式还是“set”。故填set off。 2. 句意：它教导我们要勇敢并不断尝试，即使你的目标看起来很困难。根据“It teaches us to be brave and keep trying, even when your...seem difficult.”可知，“seem”是动词原形，说明主语是复数，结合语境这里指目标，goal“目标”的复数形式是“goals”。故填goals。 3. 句意：精卫独自试图用石头填满大海。根据“Jingwei tried to fill up the sea with stones all by...”可知，“by oneself”表示“独自”，“Jingwei”是女性，所以用“her”的反身代词“herself”。故填herself。 4. 句意：洪水来临时，他自愿帮助他的国家。根据“He...to help his country when the flood came.”可知，“when the flood came”是过去的时间，句子时态用一般过去时，结合语境表示自愿做某事，volunteer“自愿”的过去式是“volunteered”。故填volunteered。 5. 句意：这本书还讲述了自然界，有山脉、河流、海洋和陆地，展示了过去的人们是如何想象他们周围的这个世界的。根据“The book also talks about the...world, with mountains, rivers, seas and lands...”可知，这里需要一个形容词来修饰“world”，nature“自然”的形容词形式是“natural自然的”，“natural world”表示“自然界”。故填natural。 Passage 2 根据短文内容，从下面方框中选择适当的单词或短语填空，使短文内容完整正确。 traditional     date from     a gift     like     made in moulds Laomendong is a wonderful place. Traditional Chinese arts here 1 ancient times. It has old streets with beautiful buildings. You can see many 2 Chinese art forms. Clay figurine making is very interesting. Artists use their hands to shape clay into small people, animals, or even cartoon characters. Some modern types are 3 , but many are still made by hand. These handcrafted clay figurines look so real and lovely. People buy them as gifts. You can also find sugar painting stalls. Artists use hot, melted sugar to draw pictures on a board. In just a few minutes, they make cute shapes 4 fish or rabbits. These sweet artworks are beautiful and delicious. These artworks belong to China but are also 5 to the world. Laomendong is a great place to learn about Chinese traditional arts. If you have the chance, come and visit! 【答案】1. date from 2. traditional 3. made in moulds 4. like 5. a gift 【导语】本文通过描述老门东的传统艺术展现中国文化的历史传承与现代创新。 1. 句意：这里的中国传统艺术起源于到古代。根据“Traditional Chinese arts here... ancient times.”和备选词可知，此处指中国传统艺术起源于古代；date from“起源于”，时态为一般现在时，主语是复数“Traditional Chinese arts”，因此用动词原形。故填date from。 2. 句意：你可以看到许多传统的中国艺术形式。根据“Chinese art forms”和备选词可知，此处应填traditional，修饰“Chinese art forms”，表示“传统的中国艺术形式”。故填traditional。 3. 句意：有些现代类型是用模具制作的，但许多仍是手工制作。根据“but many are still made by hand”和备选词可知，but表示转折，此处与“made by hand”形成对比，made in moulds“用模具制作”，符合题意。故填made in moulds。 4. 句意：在短短几分钟内，他们就做出了像鱼或兔子可爱的形状。根据“they make cute shapes... fish or rabbits”和备选词可知，此处是举例说明可爱的形状有哪些，应用介词like，意为“像”。故填like。 5. 句意：这些艺术品属于中国，也是送给世界的礼物。根据“These artworks belong to China but are also... to the world.”可知，此处指中国艺术是献给世界的礼物。故填a gift。 Passage 3 请认真阅读下面短文，从方框中选择适当的单词或短语，在答题卡标有题号的横线上，填入其正确形式。每个单词或短语仅用一次。 luck     chance     on one’s own     give up     collect World Environment Day: a great day to protect the environment. 1 , many people still don’t realize how serious pollution is. On World Environment Day (June 5th), our school decided to take action at Jinji Lake. At first, I worked 2 picking up plastic bottles near the lake. Soon classmates joined me in the waste 3 . Some students felt tired and almost 4 under the hot sun, but I encouraged them: “It’s our duty to help Suzhou!” Our team collected over 100kg of rubbish! This experience gave us 5 to learn teamwork and environmental protection. World Environment Day teaches us that small actions create big changes. Next year, let’s make Suzhou even greener together! 【答案】1. Unluckily 2. on my own 3. collection 4. gave up 5. a chance 【导语】本文主要介绍了作者的学校去金鸡湖捡垃圾的经历，从这次经历让学生们意识到保护环境的重要性。 1. 句意：不幸的是，仍有许多人没有意识到污染问题的严重性。此空位于句首，且空格后用逗号隔开，应填副词作状语。根据“many people still don’t realize how serious pollution is”可知，许多人还没有意识到污染问题的严重性，这是一件不幸的事情，unluckily“不幸地”，故填Unluckily。 2. 句意：起初，我独自一人在湖边捡拾塑料瓶。根据“Soon classmates joined me”可知，后来有其他的同学加入进来，由此可知刚开始是作者独自一个人在捡塑料瓶，on one’s own“独自”，主语是I，用my替代one’s，故填on my own。 3. 句意：不久，同学们也和我一起参与了垃圾收集活动。根据“joined me”和“waste”可知，此处指共同参与收集垃圾，故填collection。 4. 句意：一些学生在烈日下感到十分疲惫，几乎要放弃努力了。根据“ felt tired”可知，感到很累，几乎要放弃了，give up“放弃”，根据felt可知，此句是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填gave up。 5. 句意：这次经历让我们有机会学习团队合作以及环境保护的知识。根据“This experience gave us… to learn teamwork and environmental protection.”可知，给了我们一个机会来学习环境保护的知识，a chance“一个机会”，故填a chance。 Passage 4 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺完整，每词限用一次。 live, wing, dangerous, make, high In the mountains and forests of southern China, there stand many stilt (高脚) houses. Stil houses stand 1 above the ground. They are home to the Tujia people. They always build the stilt houses on hillsides and use strong wooden sticks to support them. Their beautiful eaves look like the 2 of birds. The windows are carved with patterns of animals and plants. On some roofs, there sit dragons and phoenixes that are 3 of wood. Why do the Tujia people build houses in the air? Most Tujia people live in the Wuling Mountain area. The weather there is hot and wet in summer, as a result, 4 in a higher house can make people feel cooler and more comfortable. Also, higher houses can make people stay safe from floods and 5 animals, such as snakes and spiders. What a clever idea to build such a house! 【答案】1. high 2. wings 3. made 4. living 5. dangerous 【导语】本文介绍了中国南方土家族的传统吊脚楼。 1. 句意：静止的房屋高高耸立在地面上。根据前文“In the mountains and forests of southern China, there stand many stilt (高脚) houses.”，结合备选词可知，此处应该表达静止的房屋高高耸立在地面上。此处应该填入high，修饰动词stand，意为“高地”符合语境。故填high。 2. 句意：他们美丽的屋檐看起来像鸟儿的翅膀。根据“Their beautiful eaves look like the…of birds.”，结合备选词可知，此处把高脚楼的屋檐比作鸟儿的翅膀，wing“翅膀”，此处应该填入其复数形式wings。故填wings。 3. 句意：在一些屋顶上，有木制的龙凤。根据“there sit dragons and phoenixes that are…of wood.”，结合备选项可知，此处考查固定搭配：be made of，意为“由……构成”，指的是木制的龙凤。故填made。 4. 句意：那里的天气夏天又热又湿，因此，住在更高的房子里会让人感觉更凉爽、更舒适。根据前半句“The weather there is hot and wet in summer”，结合备选词可知，此处应该表达住在更高的房子里会让人感觉更凉爽、更舒适。live in“住在”，动词短语；又根据分析句子“…in a higher house can make people feel cooler and more comfortable.”可知，此处应该填入live的动名词形式living，作主语。故填living。 5. 句意：此外，更高的房子可以使人们远离洪水和危险的动物，如蛇和蜘蛛。根据空格后“animals, such as snakes and spiders”，结合必选项可知，此处应该填入dangerous，形容词，作定语，修饰名词animals，指的是危险的动物。故填dangerous。 3 / 16乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $单元核心语法精练 Unit 7 Outdoor fun（新教材译林版） （一般过去时-1） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 表格系统梳理一般过去时的含义、动词变化规则、标志词及核心用法，搭配典型例句与易错点提示，助力精准掌握过去动作与状态的表达。 语法模块 核心要点 具体内容 典型例句（含正误对比） 一、核心定义与标志词 1. 定义 ① 表示过去发生的动作或行为 ② 表示过去存在的特征、状态 ① 动作：I watched TV last night.（我昨晚看电视了。） ② 状态：I was a teacher last year.（我去年是一名老师。） 2. 常见标志词 yesterday、last night/week/year、just now、the other day、some years ago、at the age of、in 1878、in the past、once upon a time、on that day She went to Beijing some years ago.（她几年前去过北京。） He finished the work just now.（他刚才完成了工作。） 二、动词变化规则 1. 规则变化 ① 一般情况：词尾加 ed（want→wanted、watch→watched、play→played） ② 以不发音 e 结尾：直接加 d（hope→hoped、live→lived、like→liked） ③ 辅音字母 + y 结尾：改 y 为 i 加 ed（study→studied、cry→cried、try→tried） ④ 重读辅元辅结尾：双写最后一个辅音字母加 ed（stop→stopped、plan→planned、shop→shopped） ① 加 ed：He wanted to go to the park.（他想去公园。） ② 加 d：She hoped for a good result.（她希望有个好结果。） ③ 改 y 为 i 加 ed：They studied hard for the exam.（他们为考试努力学习。） ④ 双写加 ed：We stopped to have a rest.（我们停下来休息。） ⑤ 错误：stop→stopied（正确为 stopped）、study→studied（非 studyed） 2. 不规则变化（重点记忆） ① be 动词：am/is→was、are→were ② 常用动词：go→went、do→did、put→put、cut→cut、eat→ate、swim→swam、buy→bought、see→saw、lose→lost、teach→taught、bring→brought、think→thought、fall→fell、break→broke、win→won、hurt→hurt、cost→cost ① be 动词：He was late yesterday.（他昨天迟到了。）/ They were happy last weekend.（他们上周末很开心。） ② 常用动词：She went to school by bike.（她骑自行车去上学了。）/ He did his homework last night.（他昨晚做了作业。）/ They bought a new car.（他们买了一辆新车。） ③ 错误：go→goed（正确为 went）、do→did（非 done，done 是过去分词） 三、核心用法与句式 1. 肯定句 ① 实义动词：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 ② be 动词：主语 + was/were + 其他 ① 实义动词：My sister bought a new dress yesterday.（我姐姐昨天买了一条新裙子。） ② be 动词：The book was on the desk just now.（这本书刚才在桌子上。） 2. 否定句 ① 实义动词：主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他 ② be 动词：主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + 其他 ① 实义动词：I didn’t watch TV last night.（我昨晚没看电视。） ② be 动词：They weren’t at home yesterday.（他们昨天不在家。） ③ 错误：He didn’t went to school.（didn’t 后接原形，正确为 go） 3. 一般疑问句 ① 实义动词：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ ② be 动词：Was/Were + 主语 + 其他？ ① 实义动词：Did you visit your grandparents last weekend？（你上周末去看望祖父母了吗？） ② be 动词：Were you late for class yesterday？（你昨天上课迟到了吗？） ③ 错误：Did she bought the book？（did 后接原形，正确为 buy） 四、核心易错点 1. 动词形式混淆 ① 规则变化双写误区：重读辅元辅结尾才双写（如 stop→stopped，help→helped 无需双写） ② 不规则动词记忆：避免用规则变化套用（如 go→went 而非 goed） ③ 否定 / 疑问句式：didn’t 后必须接动词原形 - 2. 时态标志词搭配 一般过去时需与过去时间标志词连用，不可与现在时标志词（如 now、today）混用 错误：He plays football yesterday.（yesterday 需用过去式，正确为 played） 3. be 动词与实义动词混用 肯定句中 be 动词与实义动词不可同时出现（需用 “be+doing” 表过去进行时，此处为一般过去时） 错误：They were visited their friends.（正确为 They visited their friends.） 使用注意事项 1. 不规则动词优先级：常用不规则动词（如 go、do、buy 等）需重点记忆，避免拼写错误。 2. did 的用法：否定句和疑问句中 did 是助动词，后接动词原形，不可再用过去式。 3. 状态动词的过去时：表示过去的状态（如 be、have、know 等）直接用过去式（如 had、knew）。 4. 时间标志词判断：若句中无明确过去标志词，但语境表过去（如故事叙述），也需用一般过去时。 一、单项选择 1．There ________ a 3D printer and two computers on the big desk. They belong to my brother. A．is B．are C．was D．were 2．The Blossoms flower (《繁花》) is famous about the China that it ________Shanghai’s culture. A．pushes B．pushed C．to push D．pushing 3．My brother ________ to the gym to play basketball every Saturday afternoon. A．go B．goes C．went D．will go 4．A typhoon ________ the coastal city last night, bringing strong winds and heavy rain. A．hit B．hits C．will hit D．has hit 5．—What do you usually do on weekends? —Read in the library. But I ________ my grandparents last weekend. A．visit B．visited C．am visiting D．will visit 6．Bob ________ basketball with his friends last Monday. A．plays B．played C．is playing D．will play 7．I ________ to the zoo yesterday. A．go B．goes C．goed D．went 8．Tony ________ to work in the community last weekend. A．helps B．will help C．helped D．is helping 9．— How did you know the news about the flood? — I ________ it on the radio this morning. A．hear B．heard C．will hear D．am hearing 10．When I was working, my mobile phone suddenly ________. A．rang B．rings C．was ringing D．were ringing 11．Yesterday _________ Open Day. All of our parents ______________before two o'clock. A．is, arrived B．was, arrived C．was, arrive D．is, arrive 12．I________ a phone call to my friend John after dinner yesterday. A．make B．made C．was making D．makes 13．—When ________ you ________ to ride a bike? —At the age of 7. A．do; learn B．will; learn C．did; learn D．have; learned 14．— What did you do yesterday morning? — I ________ with my parents in the park. A．walks B．walked C．am going to walk D．have walked 15．I ________ to school by bike last year, but now I often ________ to school on foot. A．go; go B．went; go C．go; went D．went; went 二、完成句子 16．她在博物馆看到了一些机器人。 She some in the museum. 17．我们上两个小时的美术课。 We an art lesson two hours. 18．I went to the film museum last weekend.(改为一般疑问句) go to the film museum last weekend? 19．老师表扬了吉姆，因为他帮助了其他学生。 The teacher Jim because he helped . 20．soy sauce, I, to, added, the beef, a little. (连词成句) 21．我上周收到了贝蒂的信。 I Betty last week. 22．He slept eight hours last night. (改为一般疑问句) he eight hours last night? 23．随着时间的流逝，他逐渐忘记了那些令人痛苦的事。 As time , he forgot those painful things little by little. 24．我把书借给了同学。 I the book to my classmate. 25．My father is cutting down the trees now. （用 yesterday 改写句子） My father down the trees . 26．Peter hurt himself in the accident last year.(改为否定句) Peter himself in the accident last year. 27．Jay Chou’s song Mojito came out in June, 2020.（改为否定句） Jay Chou’s song Mojito out in June, 2020. 28．All of us took pride in your success. (改为同义句) All of us of your success. 29．他昨天决定每月读完一本书。 He to finish reading a book every month yesterday. 30．Tom often hears from his good friend. (用just now改写句子) Tom from his good friend just now. 三、阅读理解 A I study at school from Monday to Friday. On weekends, I usually go out to the park for a walk. There is a small hill in the park and I often have fun climbing it. For me, it’s the happiest day in the whole week. That’s only on Sunday. On Saturday, I have to take my piano lessons in the morning and have English classes in the afternoon. Jimmy During the weekdays, I am busy with my lessons, but on Tuesday, I always go swimming after school. After that, I meet some friends in a music club. We girls like playing games as much as the boys. I also enjoy chatting with some net friends on the Internet on Sunday evenings. I really enjoy this.                                                          Emily   I never go to those centres or clubs. Every day I go home on time. I never chat with strangers on the Internet. I never have time for sports and never watch TV at home. The only two things I do at home are studying and sleeping. In a word, my life is boring.                                                                             Lily 1. Now it’s 10:00 am on Saturday, what is Jimmy doing? A．Taking his piano lessons. B．Having English classes. C．Walking in the park. D．Climbing the hill. 2. Which day is the happiest day for Jimmy in a week? A．Monday. B．Saturday. C．Sunday. D．Friday. 3. Who enjoys chatting with some net friends? A．Jimmy. B．Emily. C．Lily. D．Lily’s brother. 4. The only two things Lily does at home are _______. A．watching TV and sleeping. B．studying and watching TV C．sleeping and studying. D．studying and chatting with friends. B I took a trip to Malaysia during my summer vacation. Malaysia is a great country.It is to the south of China. There are many big cities with a lot of things to see there. Kuala Lumpur is the capital (首都) and largest city of Malaysia. The symbol of Malaysia, the Petronas Twin Towers (双子塔), are standing in the city center. The two towers are over 450 meters tall. As the tallest twin buildings in the world, they are the pride (骄傲) of the country. People say that there are about 32,000 windows in both towers and it takes 2 months to clean them all! George Town is also a great city to visit in Malaysia. People name it after King George Ⅲ of Britain. Every year, a lot of visitors go to visit it because they can enjoy many beautiful old buildings there. There are new buildings too, of course. People can relax and take photos. If you are interested in temples (寺庙) and street art, you can’t miss Ipoh. Lots of Chinese people live and work there. You may feel great when visiting it. Do you want to know more about Malaysia? Let the Internet help you! 1. How many cities does the passage mention(提及)? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 2. What does the underlined word “both” mean in Paragraph 2? A．The first. B．The two. C．The second. D．All of them. 3. What would be the best structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 4. What’s the writer’s purpose (目的) of writing the passage? A．To ask more people to visit Malaysia. B．To show it’s interesting to take a trip. C．To take a trip to Malaysia with friends. D．To make people know more about Malaysia. C Galena is a cute cat. She is 6 years old. She is black, brown and white. Her eyes are blue. Galena lives with Carrie Clark and Matt Clark in a house in Utah, the US. Matt wanted to send some shoes by post, so he put them in a big box. Galena saw the box and had fun in it. Then a postman took away the box. After that, Carrie and Matt couldn’t find Galena anywhere. They were worried and they posted online notices (网络启事) to find her. In California, some people worked in an online shop. They got a box. In it, there were shoes and a cat. What could they do with the cat? They called Brandy Hunter. Brandy worked there too, and she always helped cats. Brandy then took the cat to the vet (兽医). The cat was fine. The vet found a microchip (芯片) in the cat. In it, there was Carrie’s information. Yes, the cat is Galena. The vet then called Carrie. Carrie and Matt were happy and they planned to get Galena back. Carrie and Matt also learned a thing. They need to find Galena first, then they can post a box. 1. In which country did the story happen? A．Utah. B．America. C．England. D．California. 2. What can we learn from paragraph 2? A．Carrie didn’t really like Galena. B．Galena wanted to meet the postman. C．The postman read the online notices. D．Matt didn’t know Galena was in the box. 3. What or who helped the vet get Carrie’s information? A．Brandy’s friend. B．Matt’s shoe box. C．Galena’s microchip. D．Carrie’s online notice. 4. What do you think the writer will write next? A．How Galena gets back home. B．How Carrie helps Brandy. C．How Galena thanks the postman. D．How Matt gets to Utah from California. 四、选词填空 Passage 1 请认真阅读下面短文，从方框中选择适当的单词或短语，在答题卡标有题号的横线上，填入其正确形式。每个单词或短语仅用一次。 nature    goal    her    volunteer    set off The Classic of Mountains and Seas is an ancient Chinese book full of imagination. It has many amazing stories. One famous story is Kuafu Runs after the Sun. It tells us about an ancient man Kuafu. He 1 from the East Sea and chased (追赶) for the sun. It teaches us to be brave and keep trying, even when your 2 seem difficult. Another story, Jingwei Fills the Sea shows the power of never giving up. Jingwei tried to fill up the sea with stones all by 3 . The story of the Great Yu tells us the value of hard work and helping others. He 4 to help his country when the flood came. The book also talks about the 5 world, with mountains, rivers, seas and lands, showing how people in the past imagined this world around them. Passage 2 根据短文内容，从下面方框中选择适当的单词或短语填空，使短文内容完整正确。 traditional     date from     a gift     like     made in moulds Laomendong is a wonderful place. Traditional Chinese arts here 1 ancient times. It has old streets with beautiful buildings. You can see many 2 Chinese art forms. Clay figurine making is very interesting. Artists use their hands to shape clay into small people, animals, or even cartoon characters. Some modern types are 3 , but many are still made by hand. These handcrafted clay figurines look so real and lovely. People buy them as gifts. You can also find sugar painting stalls. Artists use hot, melted sugar to draw pictures on a board. In just a few minutes, they make cute shapes 4 fish or rabbits. These sweet artworks are beautiful and delicious. These artworks belong to China but are also 5 to the world. Laomendong is a great place to learn about Chinese traditional arts. If you have the chance, come and visit! Passage 3 请认真阅读下面短文，从方框中选择适当的单词或短语，在答题卡标有题号的横线上，填入其正确形式。每个单词或短语仅用一次。 luck     chance     on one’s own     give up     collect World Environment Day: a great day to protect the environment. 1 , many people still don’t realize how serious pollution is. On World Environment Day (June 5th), our school decided to take action at Jinji Lake. At first, I worked 2 picking up plastic bottles near the lake. Soon classmates joined me in the waste 3 . Some students felt tired and almost 4 under the hot sun, but I encouraged them: “It’s our duty to help Suzhou!” Our team collected over 100kg of rubbish! This experience gave us 5 to learn teamwork and environmental protection. World Environment Day teaches us that small actions create big changes. Next year, let’s make Suzhou even greener together! Passage 4 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺完整，每词限用一次。 live, wing, dangerous, make, high In the mountains and forests of southern China, there stand many stilt (高脚) houses. Stil houses stand 1 above the ground. They are home to the Tujia people. They always build the stilt houses on hillsides and use strong wooden sticks to support them. Their beautiful eaves look like the 2 of birds. The windows are carved with patterns of animals and plants. On some roofs, there sit dragons and phoenixes that are 3 of wood. Why do the Tujia people build houses in the air? Most Tujia people live in the Wuling Mountain area. The weather there is hot and wet in summer, as a result, 4 in a higher house can make people feel cooler and more comfortable. Also, higher houses can make people stay safe from floods and 5 animals, such as snakes and spiders. What a clever idea to build such a house! 10 / 10乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $