专题03 阅读理解（说明文）（江苏专用）2026年高考英语一模分类汇编

专题03 阅读理解（说明文和议论文） 主题01 人与社会——生活服务 Passage 1 （2026·江苏·一模）For gardeners who love neatness, autumn is a bit of a mixed blessing. Golden, autumn leaves look beautiful at first, but they soon turn brown and mushy, making many people want to throw them away. However, gardening and wildlife experts say this is unnecessary and even harmful. To those so inclined (有倾向的), Jon Stokes, the director of the Tree Council, shares his experience. “It’s not necessary. In 35 years of having a garden, I’ve never once swept a leaf, because I’ve never had to. They disappear within a week because the earthworms get them. The garden is completely full of wildlife and my grass has never suffered because of it,” he says, “Don’t take them away and drop them at the landfill, because you’ll have just taken all that goodness out of your garden. If you can’t bear to leave them where they are, get the kids to kick them into a corner, stick them in a pile, or let the hedgehogs (刺猬) and earthworms use them.” While gardens covered with fallen leaves may look like a mess to humans, to wildlife they are a vital source of nutrients and shelter. For an earthworm, a fallen leaf is a snack to be rolled up and pulled down into the soil. For an elephant hawk-moth caterpillar, it is a roof under which to shelter until spring. For a hedgehog, it is a bed to roll around in and turn into a nest. Even for a tree, the leafy covering is a source from which to “drink” during dry periods. Experts offer easy ways to balance neatness and nature. Oliver Fry from Surrey Wildlife Trust suggests piling leaves in dry spots for hedgehogs or wet areas for frogs. Leave some leaf-covered areas for insects, but keep others tidy. If you hate rotting leaves, cut them into small pieces — worms will carry them away faster, boosting the soil microorganisms. Adrian Thomas from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds stresses keeping leaves in the garden instead of landfills. Every gardener’s small effort with leaves can help nature a lot. Leaves aren’t waste; they’re free, natural helpers for healthy plants. 1．What does “a mixed blessing” imply in paragraph 1? A．Autumn is a pleasant but sorrowful. B．Wildlife is lovely but harmful. C．Gardening is rewarding but laborious. D．Fallen leaves are beautiful but annoying. 2．What is Jon Stokes’ attitude towards leaf sweeping? A．Favorable. B．Opposed. C．Cautious. D．Unclear. 3．According to Oliver Fry, what should we do with fallen leaves? A．Send them to the landfill. B．Leave them lying around. C．Pile them in certain areas. D．Sweep them up right away. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Leave the Leaves B．Warm the Worms C．Guard the Gardens D．Balance the Balance Passage 2 （2026·江苏镇江·一模）Nowadays, there are pet pampering (宠爱) packages at hotels, menus with dog-friendly roast dinners and animal-friendly charter flights. This is the “pawprint (爪印) economy” — and it’s booming. Pet travel isn’t just a trend, it’s something of a transformation. The benefits are real for both parties: strengthened bonds, shared experiences and opportunities to build skills and confidence. But there’s a growing gap between what the industry is offering and what people and pets need. Here’s where the disconnect emerges. While providers advertise “pawsecco” and pet spas, research has shown that people prioritize practical care over “extras”. Studies identify six key qualities that people are looking for: service design, activity support, safety, pet-friendly staff, transparent policies with fair fees, and lastly, amenities (便利设施). Crucially, green spaces drive pet travel planning, boosting wellbeing for both human and animal. After all, this is the real reason why people choose to travel with pets. Yet many people with pets say they don’t believe any accommodation is truly pet friendly, signalling a trust gap. Many properties advertise as “pet friendly” but place restrictions, surprise fees or go no further than simply allowing pets to stay. Part of the problem seems to be one-size-fits-all thinking. Research identifies three distinct groups of people travelling with dogs. There are those seeking basic, convenience-focused accommodation. High-quality experience seekers are willing to pay for luxury. And activity-loving travellers prioritize outdoor adventures. A chihuahua on a city break has different needs to a labrador on a hiking trip, yet many providers offer generic (通用的) packages that delight no one. The evidence from both researchers and industry is clear: people will pay more to travel with their pets. For tourism providers, the opportunities are significant. The travel industry faces a choice: continue offering superficial “pet-friendly” experiences or genuinely adapt and ease the stress for travellers and their pets. The evidence shows that pet-friendly facilities, support with activities, and attentive service outweigh add-ons. Delivering this means providing transparent online information so travellers can assess facilities and policies confidently, designing spaces that genuinely welcome pets, and training staff to deliver a knowledgeable service. 5．What is the first paragraph intended to do? A．Show the rise and advantages of pet travel. B．Compare traditional and modern pet care. C．Promote animal-friendly hotels and flights. D．List reasons why pets travel with owners. 6．What is the real reason for pet travel planning according to paragraph 2? A．Advertising extra services. B．Construction of green spaces. C．Enjoying extra services. D．Access to green spaces. 7．What is the disadvantage of one-size-fits-all thinking? A．It ignores pet safety rules. B．It causes environmental pollution. C．It fails to meet different needs. D．It promotes irresponsible pet ownership. 8．How can the travel industry offer genuine pet-friendly experiences according to the evidence? A．By reducing travel costs. B．By advertising for good pet trainers. C．By providing luxury facilities. D．By offering satisfactory service. Passage 3 （2025·江苏南京·一模） This coffee cup is a high-quality product designed for coffee lovers. It is made with great attention to detail to enhance your coffee-drinking experience. Material The cup is made of high-quality ceramic. Ceramic is known for its ability to maintain heat well, keeping your coffee warm for a longer period. It also gives a smooth and pleasant touch when you hold the cup. The handle is firmly attached to the cup. It is made of the same ceramic material, ensuring durability and a seamless (无缝的) look. Design ◆The coffee cup has a standard capacity of 300ml. This size is perfect for a regular cup of coffee, whether it is a latte (拿铁), espresso, or cappuccino. ◆The cup has a classic round shape. The opening is wide enough for easy sipping and also allows the pleasant smell to be fully released. Usage Instructions ◆Before using the coffee cup for the first time, it is recommended to wash it with warm water and mild cleaner. ◆When pouring coffee into the cup, be careful not to overfill it. ◆After use, wash the cup instantly. It is dishwasher-safe, but hand-washing can also be used to extend its lifespan (使用寿命). Maintenance ◆Avoid sudden temperature changes. For example, do not pour extremely hot coffee into a cold cup or put a hot cup directly into cold water, as this may cause the ceramic to break. ◆Store the coffee cup in a dry and clean place. 9．Which section can readers refer to for storage requirements? A．Material. B．Design. C．Usage Instructions. D．Maintenance. 10．What do we know about the cup’s material? A．It is sensitive to mild cleaner. B．It has properties of absorbing heat. C．It helps smooth the holder’s hand skin. D．It is subject to sudden temperature changes. 11．What is the text? A．A product report. B．A user guide. C．A cup advertisement. D．A coffee recipe. 主题02 人与自我——健康与生活 Passage 1 （2025高三上·南京市第二十九中学·一模）Tearing up, sweating, nose running and other bodily functions are all signs when you’ re eating spicy foods. Yet, millions of people worldwide actively seek out this burning feeling. The explanation lies not in our sense of taste, but in our complex nervous system and psychology. The heat we perceive from chili peppers originates from capsaicin (辣椒素), a compound that acts as the plant’s chemical defense. It specifically targets TRPV1, a receptor (受体) present on nociceptors — the special nerve cells that detect potentially harmful factors, such as heat above 42℃. When activated, these cells trigger an instant alarm response, causing the body to react as if it’s been burned. This begs the question: why would we enjoy a feeling signaling potential danger? The enjoyment of spicy food is learned through adaptation of the nervous system. Initially,the brain misinterprets the capsaicin-caused heat as a potential threat, triggering an alarm-like response. Through repeated exposure, however, it receives consistent feedback indicating no actual tissue damage occurs. The feeling is gradually reassessed as safe and controllable,transforming the initial pain into a form of“benign masochism”. Much like the thrill of a roller coaster ride, the perceived danger — now under our command — becomes an internal part of the pleasure. Individual tolerance varies. Genetics can influence how sensitive one’s TRPV1 receptors are to capsaicin. More importantly, people can gradually build up a tolerance, essentially training their bodies and brains to handle higher levels of spiciness. The receptors themselves become less responsive over time, and the brain’s predictive system becomes more accurate. So, what can you do if the spice becomes overwhelming? Since capsaicin is fat- soluble,water is ineffective because it only spreads the compound. Dairy products like milk or yogurt are far better solutions — the fat and protein in them combine with the capsaicin and carry it away. 12．Why does eating chili peppers give people the burning feeling? A．Capsaicin briefly hurts taste buds. B．Chilli peppers bring potential danger. C．Capsaicin triggers the reaction of TRPV1. D．Chilli peppers raise the body’s temperature. 13．Which experience is most similar to enjoying spicy food? A．Listening to music. B．Smoking cigarettes. C．Exploring the Antarctic. D．Watching a horror film. 14．What does building a high spice tolerance involve? A．Conscious efforts. B．Genetic adaptation. C．Blocking spiciness signals. D．Keeping receptors from responding. 15．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Capsaicin’s Trick: A False Burning Alarm B．The Spice Lover’s Dilemma: Pleasure in Pain C．The Body’s Signal: Physical Reactions to Spice D．The Art of Endurance: Building Spice Tolerance Passage 2 （2025·江苏无锡·一模）Vaping (抽电子烟) damages young people’ s lungs as much as smoking, according to a research that has caused fresh debate over the health risks of e-cigarettes. The study compared vapers and smokers in an intense exercise test and found both groups less fit and much more out of breath than people who have neither habit. Dr. Azmy Faisal and colleagues at Manchester Metropolitan University asked 60 people in their 20s to have their lung capacity recorded. Twenty were non-smokers, 20 others had vaped for at least two years and the other 20 had smoked for at least two years. The test measured the maximum amount of physical exercise that someone could achieve, and found that the vapers had an average “peak exercise capacity”, which, at 186 watts, was similar to that of the smokers (182 watts) but much lower than that among the non-smokers (226 watts). In addition, the vapers and smokers were less able to take in oxygen — at 2.7 litres and 2.6 litres a minute respectively — than those who neither smoked nor vaped (3 litres). “The study adds to growing evidence that long-term use of vaping is detrimental and challenges the idea that vaping could be a healthier alternative to smoking”, said Faisal and his co-authors of the study. Medical researchers have also found evidence that vaping increases the risk of cancer, because it changes their DNA, and also that it may damage the brain and vital organs because e-cigarette aerosols (气溶胶) and liquids can contain traces of poisonous metals such as lead and uranium. Dr. Filippos Filippidis, Chairman of the ERS’s tobacco control committee, said, “Vapes are being sold cheaply and in a variety of flavours to appeal to young people.” Doctors and policymakers need to know about the risks of vaping and we should be doing all we can to help children and young people to avoid or quit vaping. 16．How is Faisal’s research conducted? A．By measuring oxygen intake in the blood. B．By recording exercise capacities at different ages. C．By comparing health conditions in different exercises. D．By analyzing lung capacities among different groups. 17．What does the underlined word “detrimental” in paragraph 6 probably mean? A．Harmful. B．Mysterious. C．Unimportant. D．Unpredictable. 18．What can be inferred from the text? A．Vaping will soon be completely banned. B．More people will start vaping in the future. C．Health risks of vaping haven’t been understood by all. D．Strict rules will be made to regulate the price of vaping products. 19．What might be discussed in the following paragraph? A．The history and development of vaping products. B．The comparison between different e-cigarette brands. C．Specific measures to help young people to quit vaping. D．Different opinions of young people who vape regularly. Passage 3 （2025高三下·江苏省如皋中学·一模）You jerk(猛然一动)awake in the middle of the night in confusion. Is there a figure standing in the corner of the room? Your brain begs your legs to move, but nothing happens. The anxiety increases. Your eyes scan the room. Just as you’re about to hit peak panic, you sit up and the figure disappears. You’ve just experienced sleep paralysis(瘫痪), which is the name experts give to all sorts of weird things that occur during sleep. It happens when the brain temporarily disables the body to prevent it from acting out the vivid dreams occurring during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. It often comes with a feeling of immobility, and a sense of choking. The good news is, it’s absolutely normal, even if it’s terrifying. But when sleep paralysis happens outside of deep sleep—when a person is just dozing off—it can be “disruptive of the architecture of sleep,” said Baland Jalal, a researcher who investigates the phenomenon. That could lead to more sleep paralysis. While not everyone who has sleep paralysis experiences hallucinations(幻觉), seeing a person or a ghost in the room is the most common vision, said Jalal. The mechanisms behind sleep paralysis remain unclear, but research indicates that certain risk factors may increase the likelihood of experiencing a jerk, including extreme exercise before sleep, inadequate sleep, emotional stress and worry, and excessive stimulant consumption (like caffeine and nicotine), especially later in the day. “For most people, it is not indicative of any kind of disease. If you are really worried about it, regular sleep and other simple relaxation techniques, like meditation, deep breathing and yoga, may help,” said Dr. Nathaniel Watson, president of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. While the experience feels frightening, the episodes last only a few seconds or minutes at most. Most people slip out of it as quickly as they fell into it, he said. 20．What is sleep paralysis? A．A frightening dream that interrupts sleep. B．A physical symptom of anxiety disorders. C．A mental disease that affects sleep quality. D．A brief state of being conscious but frozen. 21．What do people who have sleep paralysis often experience? A．Involuntary cough. B．Unreal sensation. C．Sharpened vision. D．Sustained immobility. 22．What does Dr. Nathaniel Watson say about sleep paralysis? A．It is caused by inadequate sleep. B．It can be a warning signal of diseases. C．It is a temporary disturbing experience. D．It can be prevented by extreme exercise. 23．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Common Myths About Sleep Paralysis B．Sleep Paralysis: How It Affects Sleep Patterns C．Ways to Prevent and Cope with Sleep Paralysis D．Sleep Paralysis: Why We Jerk Awake and Can’t Move 主题03 人与社会——科技应用 Passage 1 （2026·江苏镇江·一模）Plants can be grown in flexible ways. Besides planting seeds, a special method allows growing new plants from parts of other plants, like rose stems or potato tubers — these copies like the mother plant are called plant clones. The technique to make plant clones is known as micropropagation (微繁殖). It uses tiny pieces of plant tissue, called explants (外植体), from a “mother plant” and raises them in a clean lab with nutrient-rich media, under controlled light, temperature, and humidity. The key lies in the ability of a single cell to develop into a whole organism, and dedifferentiation (去分化), where mature cells return to a dividing state before forming new tissues and organs. Suppose you have a favorite garden plant with unique, attractive flowers but it produces no seeds. In nature, some plants depend on bees, insects, or birds to develop seeds — without these helpers, they may die seedless. To grow it, you can try micropropagation. Beyond resolving the seedless plant problem, it can also efficiently reproduce economically important species like bananas, saving time and cost. Moreover, it enables the production of virus-free plants and helps reproduce stress-tolerant varieties that otherwise struggle to produce seeds. You might be curious about the materials and experimental setup required for this modern technique. The process needs a mother plant, suitable explants, and a nutrient medium. After being cleaned, explants grow into complete plants in a room with a controlled environment. Later, they are hardened and relocated to greenhouses or fields. Additionally, simple micropropagation, such as using stem cuttings of roses, lets people grow plants at home without seeds, offering a convenient way to reproduce beloved plants. 24．What can people do with the special method according to paragraph 1? A．produce plant seeds. B．Change plant colors. C．Grow new identical plants. D．Protect rare plant species. 25．What does the underlined word “them” stand for in paragraph 2? A．Explants. B．New plants. C．Seeds. D．New cells. 26．What can we know about the process according to the last paragraph? A．It is hard to reproduce roses at home. B．Plants grow better indoors than outdoors. C．The growth of explants needs special care. D．Simple micropropagation needs complex procedures. 27．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Micropropagation: Its Trouble and Cost. B．Explants: From Leaves to Plants. C．Plant Cloning: Its Benefits and Procedure. D．Nutrient Media: Energy for Plant Growth. Passage 2 （2025·江苏南京·一模）Imagine an artificial intelligence model that can watch and understand moving images like you and me. Now, scientists have made this a reality by creating MovieNet: an innovative AI that processes videos much like how our brains interpret real-life scenes. This brain-inspired AI model can perceive moving scenes by simulating how neurons (神经元) make real-time sense of the world. While conventional AI excels at still image recognition, MovieNet is designed to understand complex, dynamic scenes, allowing it to recognize small changes over time. To create MovieNet, Hollis Cline, senior author of the study, examined how animals’ brains process real-world scenes. Specifically, he studied how tadpoles’ (蝌蚪的) neurons respond to moving stimuli. Tadpoles’ neurons process these visual inputs like solving puzzle pieces: each piece alone may not make sense, but together they form a complete image in motion. Different neurons process various “puzzle pieces” of a real-life moving image, which the brain then combines to form a continuous scene. Using this understanding, the researchers trained MovieNet to process video clips by identifying small visual signals, allowing it to distinguish between small changes in scenes. In testing, MovieNet achieved 82.3% accuracy, outperforming trained human observers by 18% and doing much better than existing AI models. Beyond its higher accuracy, MovieNet is more environment-friendly. Conventional AI requires vast amounts of data and energy, but MovieNet compresses (压缩) data like a zipped file, reducing environmental impact. “We’ve also made AI far less demanding,” says Cline. MovieNet could also transform medicine. It might help detect early signs of diseases by tracking small movement changes that are difficult for human eyes to detect. Looking ahead, the team plans to improve MovieNet’s ability to adapt to different environments and enhance its potential applications. “By designing models that think like living organisms (有机体), we can achieve efficiency levels that aren't possible with traditional AI,” says Cline, “Biology is a gold mine.” 29．What does the underlined word “simulating” mean in paragraph 2? A．Copying. B．Inspiring. C．Demonstrating. D．Recognizing. 30．MovieNet is trained ________. A．to integrate dynamic images B．to increase visual inputs C．to feed on information pieces D．to look into tadpoles’ neurons 31．According to paragraph 5, what is an advantage of MovieNet? A．Its powerful data storage. B．Its low energy consumption. C．Its control of medical diseases. D．Its improvement on drug effects. 32．What can be concluded from Cline’s words in the last paragraph? A．Biology brings us financial profits. B．Living organisms can outperform AI. C．AI can assist in biological development. D．Drawing inspiration from biology is promising. Passage 3 （2025·江苏省泰州市海陵区江苏省泰州中学·一模）Last Friday, a robot called EveR6 led an orchestra (管弦乐队) in a performance of Korean music at the National Theater of Korea. EveR 6 is about as tall as a person, and has a human-like face that can show emotions. Its joints (关节) allow it to move its arms quickly and smoothly in many different directions. But EveR 6 doesn’t think on its own like some advanced Artificial Intelligence programs. Instead, it has a limited group of movements that it has been trained to perform. To make these movements as natural as possible, EveR 6’s movements are based on those captured from real human conductors. In Friday’s performance, the National Orchestra of Korea presented a concert titled “Absence”. The concert included five different pieces of music. Two were conducted by EveR 6, and two were conducted by Soo-Yeoul Choi, who leads the Busan Philharmonic Orchestra. Both conductors worked together on the final piece. Mr. Choi was impressed with the way EveR 6 moved. “The robot was able to present such detailed moves much better than I had imagined,” he said. But Mr. Choi added that the robot’s biggest weakness is that it can’t hear. “Some people think that conducting is just a combination of hand waving and keeping the beat,” said Mr. Choi. “But a good conductor needs to listen to the orchestra, so that he or she can correct and encourage the orchestra as it plays.” Mr. Choi and EveR 6 both conducted a piece of music called “Sense”. Instead of musical notes, EveR 6 had instructions for how to play the piece. The conductors and musicians had to work together to create the music. Mr. Choi communicated with the musicians while EveR 6 kept the beat. Mr. Choi said that once EveR 6 started, the musicians had “no choice but to follow its beats”. Mr. Choi doesn’t think robots are likely to replace human conductors. But he believes robots could be helpful in situations like practice sessions where the same thing needs to be repeated many times. 33．What do we know about EveR 6 from the text? A．It is an experienced conductor. B．It has a lifelike appearance. C．It is able to listen to music. D．It is much shorter than a person. 34．What does the underlined word “captured”in paragraph 2 mean? A．Stolen. B．Stopped. C．Recorded. D．Hidden. 35．What advantage does a human conductor have over EveR 6? A．Waving hands. B．Keeping the beat. C．Having instructions. D．Communicating with musicians. 36．What is the text mainly about? A．A robot conducting an orchestra. B．An orchestra having performed in Korea. C．Modern music combined with technology. D．Two conductors getting worldwide recognition. 主题01 人与社会——教育与考试 Passage 1 （2026·江苏·一模）Since 2015, China’s college entrance examination (Gaokao) has undergone profound reforms driven by modern technology, shifting from “ability-oriented” to “competency-oriented” evaluation. This transformation, guided by the China Gaokao Evaluation Framework, has been strongly supported by technological innovations such as artificial intelligence (AI) and big data, reshaping both question design and comprehensive assessment systems. In the field of proposition development, large language models (LLMs) (大语言模型) have emerged as a key tool since 2020. A 2025 study published in educational technology journals showed that LLMs can generate basic subject questions with an accuracy rate of over 87% for subjects like mathematics and Chinese, and have been piloted in regional mock exams. For example, a provincial educational research center used AI to generate 30% of the test questions for a 2025 spring mock exam, shortening the proposition cycle by 42% while maintaining high quality after expert revision. Beyond efficiency, technology has facilitated the design of innovative question types. Researchers like Ren Zichao and Chen Ang developed five new question types (including multiple-select questions and ill-structured problems) through large-scale trials involving 4,205 students between 2015 and 2019, which effectively assess critical thinking and practical application abilities. These questions, such as ill-structured math problems that require students to select their own solution conditions, have been officially included in Gaokao papers since 2020.    In terms of exam evaluation, technology has promoted the shift from “result-only” assessment to process-oriented evaluation (过程性评价). Zhejiang Province, a national education evaluation reform pilot, has built a “three-dimensional evaluation system” integrating structural, process, and result quality since 2013. Supported by big data analytics, process-oriented evaluation tracks indicators like homework burden, class participation, and sleep quality through regular surveys, providing schools with targeted improvement suggestions. For instance, Hangzhou’s Jianggan District conducts semesterly monitoring of students’ learning processes, and data analysis has helped reduce excessive homework and improve teaching effectiveness. Meanwhile, AI has been embedded in Gaokao’s competency assessment — 2025 Gaokao Chinese papers, though not explicitly mentioning AI, tested logical thinking and information integration abilities essential for AI-era learning by simulating AI training scenarios. Experts emphasize that technology’s role in Gaokao reform is not to replace human judgment but to enhance scientificity and equity. The China Gaokao Evaluation Framework highlights that technological applications should align with curriculum standards and talent selection goals, ensuring that evaluations truly reflect students’ comprehensive competencies. From AI-assisted proposition to data-driven process evaluation, technology has become a cornerstone of Gaokao’s transformation toward more inclusive and quality-oriented education. 1．What is the main goal of applying modern technology to Gaokao reform? A．To replace human experts in question design entirely B．To make Gaokao more scientific and inclusive C．To reduce the difficulty of Gaokao questions D．To focus only on students’ final test scores 2．What was the initial purpose of large language models (LLMs) in education before being used for Gaokao proposition? A．To develop AI tutoring systems for students B．To generate basic subject questions efficiently C．To analyze students’ daily learning data D．To design online course frameworks 3．How does process-oriented evaluation help schools improve teaching quality? A．By ranking schools based on Gaokao admission rates B．By tracking students’ learning processes and providing targeted suggestions C．By reducing the number of exams students take each semester D．By focusing only on students’ homework completion rates 4．What can be inferred from experts’ opinions on technology in Gaokao reform? A．Technology should take priority over educational principles. B．Technology will completely replace human judgment in Gaokao. C．Traditional question types will be eliminated in future Gaokao papers. D．Tech and human expertise improve Gaokao proposition’s scientificity. Passage 2 （2026高三上·江苏省南京市鼓楼区南京市第二十九中学·一模） A Beginner’s Guide to Goal Setting for Teens Are you trying to get into your dream college? Hoping to make it into the school basketball team next year? Or maybe get an A in chemistry? Regardless of what your goal is or how big it is, if you’re a young person who wants to accomplish something, you’ve come to the right place. This guide to goal setting for teens is definitely for you! When it comes to goal setting, SMART goals are the top dog. This well-established tool for goal setting is highly influenced by Locke and Latham’s goal setting theory and used by almost every major company out there. If there’s one tool for goal setting for teens to understand, it’s this one. You’ll probably encounter it later on in university or your career as well too! When creating a SMART goal, here’s what you need to consider... A SMARI goal is... Specific→State exactly what you will accomplish Measurable→Progress is trackable and you will know when you achieve it Attainable→It is possible for you to achieve the goal Relevant→It is consistent with your values, interests and other goals Timely→Includes fair, but firm deadlines Where to start? 1. Start by thinking about your whole job and the broad areas (or “buckets”) of responsibility and results over which you have control. 2. Develop a goal statement for each bucket. To get the scale right, remember to focus on end results, rather than tasks. 3. Goals should be high level enough to include the core outcomes for which you are responsible, but specific and clear enough so you will be able to measure success. 4. Goals should be on-going job responsibilities and any new projects and assignments that are specific to this performance cycle. 5. Having too many goals can be an indicator that your goals are defined at too detailed a level and are focused more on tasks than on end results. 6. If it seems that your goals are becoming too many and focus on individual tasks, it may be helpful to consider combining several goal statements into a broader outcome area. 5．The author recommends SMART most probably because ______. A．he is a trainer for a major company B．it is a tool well supported by theory C．the readers need it for their future life D．teens are big dreamers but not doers 6．Xiao Ming, an average high school student, writes the following goal for the new semester: My goal is to raise my scores above 90（out of 100） in all my classes this semester because getting good scores will help me get into a good college. Which two criteria of SMART are seriously missing in Xiao Ming’s goal statement? A．Relevant, Measurable. B．Specific, Attainable. C．Measurable, Attainable. D．Relevance, Timely. 7．According to the guide’s Where to Start, which is the most important factor to consider? A．The sense of responsibility. B．The measurement of success. C．A good knowledge of tasks. D．The right level of goals. Passage 3 （2025高三下·江苏省常州市天宁区常州高级中学·一模）Self-confidence is trusting in our abilities or qualities. It’s usually seen as a good thing. But is it possible that we might benefit from a little less confidence in our beliefs? For many years, Dr. Mark Leary, a neuroscientist at Duke University in Durham, N.C． , has studied the role of people’s beliefs in their behavior. He found overconfidence is very common, especially when it comes to what people believe to be true, and can lead us to disastrous decisions. In 1986, NASA believed that the risk of loss for any space flight was roughly 1 in 100,000. It was an overconfident belief and might have led to the explosion of the Challenger. The good news is that there’s a “vaccine (疫苗)” for overconfidence, and that’s what scientists call “intellectual humility”— recognizing that your beliefs could be wrong. A survey of 144 college students to measure their intellectual humility found that students who saw their thinking could be wrong tended to be more curious and more likely to seek out new knowledge. They ended up knowing more at the end of the day. But does it actually help you beyond that? To find out more, Dr. Tenelle Porter at Ball State University conducted a series of studies with high school students. She found that students with intellectual humility were much more likely to test themselves to see whether they really understood the material and seek out potential holes in their understanding. When they got test scores, they’d change their study strategics to improve their performance and master the material for the next test. Students who didn’t see their knowledge could be wrong might instead just sail through their studying and wouldn’t stop to ask themselves if they truly understood what they read, heard, or did. Such students thought they got a subject down pat, but when asked to explain it on a test, they found they didn’t actually understand as much as they had thought. Although it might be good for you, researchers recognize that questioning your beliefs can be truly hard. Still, it’s important to remember that questioning beliefs isn’t always about replacing old ones with new ones. If you find it hard to question a belief, try taking “baby steps.” 8．Why does the author mention the explosion of the Challenger? A．To express his sorrow for the loss. B．To stress the high risk of space flights. C．To show the result of wrong operation. D．To give an example of overconfidence. 9．What do we know about intellectual humility according to Porter’s research? A．It urged students to gain recognition. B．It encouraged students to take exams. C．It helped students to adjust learning methods. D．It motivated students to memorize knowledge. 10．What do the underlined words “got a subject down pat” mean in paragraph 5? A．Fully mastered a subject. B．Put great effort into a subject C．Really enjoyed a subject. D．Benefited a lot from a subject. 11．What will probably be discussed in the following paragraphs? A．Why questioning our belief is hard. B．Why intellectual humility is helpful. C．How to become a confident person. D．How to practice intellectual humility. 主题02 人与社会——科技与伦理 Passage 1 （2026·江苏南通·一模）Ask Google’s AI video tool to create a film of a time-travelling doctor who flies around in a blue British phone booth and the result, unsurprisingly, resembles (类似) Doctor Who. And if you ask OpenAI’s technology to do the same, a similar thing happens. What’s wrong with that, you may think? The answer could be one of the biggest issues AI chiefs face as their era-defining technology becomes ever more widespread in our lives. Google and OpenAI’s generative artificial intelligence is supposed to be just that — generative, meaning it develops novel answers to our questions. But how much of that output is original? The problem is working out how much AI tools like Sora 2 and Veo 3 rely on someone else’s art to come up with their own inventions. One firm, however, claims to be able to shine a light on the issue. TraceID by Vermillio can detect the percentage to which AI-generated content is based on copyrighted materials. One of the platform’s abilities is to create neural fingerprints for brands, characters or other IP. These fingerprints act as digital identifiers that map the unique characteristics of a given piece of content. By comparing this fingerprint against AI-generated content, it can determine how much the new content overlaps (重合) with the original, offering a percentage-based match. The research showcases this process in action, using well-known films such as Doctor Who and James Bond as case studies. The findings? Sora matched up to 62% with James Bond fingerprint, Google’s Veo 3 matched 80% to Doctor Who fingerprint, implying that they have leaned heavily on copyright-protected work to produce its output. Many creative professionals demand compensation and an end to unauthorized use of their work until permissions are granted. They argue AI tools build on their work without remuneration, producing competing creations that undercut their industries. Kathleen Grace, head of Vermillio, said: “We can all win if we just take a beat and figure out a way to share and track content. This would encourage copyright holders to release more data to AI companies and would give AI companies access to more interesting sets of data. Instead of giving all the money to AI companies, there would be this amazing ecosystem.” 12．What issue is presented at the beginning of the passage? A．Generative AI reinvents film production. B．The capabilities of generative AI are expanding. C．Generative AI is becoming increasingly widespread. D．Copyrighted materials are used in AI-generated content. 13．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Who uses TraceID． B．How TraceID works. C．Why Trace ID is developed. D．Where TraceID is used. 14．What does the underline word “remuneration” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Delay. B．Pay. C．Effort. D．Warning. 15．What message does Kathleen Grace want to convey? A．Limiting data hurts scientific progress. B．Copyright holders should release more data. C．A fair data-sharing ecosystem benefits all. D．AI firms must disclose copyrighted content use. Passage 2 （2023-2024高二下·江苏省无锡市江阴市四校联考·一模）Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a fashion word in recent years, and its impact on society is growing rapidly. AI refers to the development of computer systems that can perform tasks that would typically require human intelligence, such as learning, problem-solving, and decision making. This technology is transforming every industry, from healthcare to finance, and is expected to revolutionize the future. One area where AI is making significant strides is healthcare. AI-powered tools can analyze vast amounts of medial data and help doctors make more informed diagnoses and treatment decisions. This technology is particularly useful in fields such as radiology where AI algorithms can analyze medical images to detect abnormalities that may be missed by human eyes. In finance, AI is being used to analyze vast amounts of data to identify patterns and predict market trends. This technology can help traders make more informed decisions and reduce the risks of financial losses. Similarly AI-powered chatbots are being used in customer service, helping to improve response times and provide personalized support. As the use of AI grows, concerns about job displacement have also arisen. Some fear that Al-powered machines and robots will replace human workers, leading to mass unemployment. While this is a possibility, it is also important to note that AI will create new jobs in fields such as data analysis, software development, and robotics. Another major concern about AI is the potential for bias and discrimination. AI algorithms are only as good as the data they are trained on, and if that data contains biases, the algorithms will also be biased. This issue is particularly concerning in fields such as criminal justice, where AI-powered systems are being used to make decisions about sentencing. If these algorithms are biased, they could make existing inequalities continue in the criminal justice system. Despite these concerns, the benefits of AI are numerous and undeniable. However, to ensure that these benefits are accessible to all and to address concerns about bis and discrimination, it is crucial to continue researching and developing moral AI. 16．AI outweighs humans in healthcare because it ______. A．stops financial risks. B．recognizes market tendency. C．ensures precise judgment. D．offers personalized services. 17．What is one of the major concerns of AI? A．A large number of human workers will be laid off. B．Algorithms will be out of date. C．Unfairness may arise in criminal justice system. D．New jobs will be unavailable. 18．How does the writer mainly develop this text? A．By stating facts and citing quotes. B．By presenting influences and listing examples. C．By showing different ideas and giving reasons. D．By comparing research results and offering suggestions. 19．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Artificial Intelligence: Becoming a Fashion Word B．Artificial Intelligence: Improving Human Abilities C．Artificial Intelligence: Bettering Decision Making D．Artificial Intelligence: Revolutionizing the Future Passage 3 （2025高三下·江苏省前黄中学·一模）According to an idea called the “inflationary (暴胀的) multiverse”, the universe has been constantly expanding, which would have created a countless number of other universes. Collectively, these universal islands form what scientists call a “multiverse”. However, other universes may lie beyond our scientific reach, physically and philosophically. Consequently, the methodologies by which physicists might validate (验证) the multiverse and whether such validation is even possible remain unresolved inquiries. In science, hypotheses (假说) are used to propose explanations, but from hypotheses to theories, validation of predictions is essential to see whether initial assumptions are supported or disproved. Theoretical physicist Carlo Rovelli says, “It is hard to write theories that survive the proof of reality. Few survive thanks to a basic idea: Do not trust your fancies. Keep only the ideas that can be tested.” Rovelli adds, “Today many physicists are wasting time trying to guess and jumping to conclusions. This approach has never worked before, and it is not working now. The multiverse might be one of those wild guesses.” Now, physicists are debating whether that problem moves the multiverse from physics to metaphysics (玄学), from the world of science to that of philosophy. Philosopher Richard Dawid believes scientists could support the multiverse hypotheses without actually finding physical support. “If we have a theory that seems to work, and have come up with nothing that works better, chances are our idea is right,” he says. Not everyone is so cheerful, though. Sabine Hossenfelder, another theoretical physicist, thinks “Without making contact with observation, a theory isn’t part of the natural sciences, and not physics.” Some supporters of the multiverse claim they have found physical evidence. Andrei Linde insists “Our universe seems fine-tuned to be favourable to life, with a four-dimensional space in which we can live. It is certain that in an endlessly inflating multiverse, one of the universes should turn out like ours. Each universe can have different physical laws and fundamentals. Given limitless changes, a universe on which humans can be born will be born. The multiverse actually explains why we’re here. And our existence, therefore, helps explain why the multiverse is plausible.” Just as Einstein’s theory of general relativity could only be confirmed recently with a billion-dollar instrument called LIGO, scientists may eventually discover more direct evidence of the multiverse. So far, all of science has relied on testability, but those tests take time, and most theoreticians want to wait it out. They are not ready to shelve an idea like the multiverse — which could actually be the answer to life, the universe and everything — until and unless they can prove to themselves it doesn’t exist. And that day may never come. 20．What does Carlo Rovelli think of the multiverse? A．It is a crazy idea. B．It can be tested. C．It is widely accepted. D．It comes from reality. 21．What does the underlined word “plausible” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Fascinating. B．Complex. C．Essential. D．Credible. 22．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Testing the multiverse theory is a waste of time. B．The multiverse theory will be confirmed one day. C．Einstein’s theory of relativity is the answer to life. D．The multiverse research has made a breakthrough. 23．What is the structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． 主题03 人与社会——环境与生态 Passage 1 （2025·江苏南通·一模）When I challenged myself to travel by low-carbon routes during the writing of my book, I experienced the best and worst of our transit network. When public transport works, it really works. I found traveling by train and bike empowering. But even in this time of climate emergency, public transport still remains an unpopular choice. It doesn’t take many strikes, cancellations, missed connections and rising ticket prices to avoid it altogether. When the average British person already spends around £ 3,500 a year on car costs, it’s no wonder we prefer the driver’s seat. Yet, there are many reasons we should be using public transport more, with one being the bonus to the environment they bring. Recent research shows that UK trains have higher carbon savings than previously thought. For my Scottish journey, had I traveled a similar route from London to Edinburgh by car, my journey’s emissions would supposedly have increased 10-fold. E-bike rental schemes have also increased across the UK, and so has cycling in general, but this mode of transport isn’t always planned for. All over the country, dedicated (专用的) bike lanes are way too rare. All of this has revealed to me that while the UK’s transport infrastructure (基础设施) is poor, its potential is significant. We know how effective electrified rail routes can be in decarbonization, but in 2021-22 little more than a mile of such track was upgraded across Britain. Centrally funded investment could change things. The rest of Europe seems to recognize this. If I were in Austria, I could travel across Vienna by public transport for €l a day. In Germany, I could organize a monthly €49 direct debit for all-inclusive regional public transport. Closer to home, Brighton and Hove have the most popular bus network outside London. We must demand a nationalized low-carbon network, A standardized, centrally funded consistently supported ecosystem of public transport across the UK could truly change our carbon game. 24．What does the underlined word “empowering” in paragraph 1 most probably mean? A．Sparking debate. B．Causing confusion. C．Giving strength or confidence. D．Leading to complaints and protests. 25．What is the problem with implementing e-bike rental schemes? A．High rental fees. B．Potential safety problems. C．Lack of public interest. D．Insufficient infrastructure 26．Why does the author mention Austria and Germany? A．To compare the costs of public transport. B．To predict the challenges of UK’s public transport. C．To contrast with the state of UK’s public transportation. D．To illustrate the popularity of public transport in Europe 27．What can be the best title for the passage? A．Transforming carbon game: The Eco-Boost on Rails. B．Revolutionizing UK Transport: The Green Ride Ahead. C．Empowering Global travelling: A Long March on Land. D．Revolutionizing UK City Life: The Tech Leap on Tracks. Passage 2 （2025·江苏省泰州市海陵区江苏省泰州中学·一模）Indoor food growing operations are seeing both successes and failures in the United States. Some companies in the food industry are investing (投资) even as competitors fail. California-based Plenty Unlimited this summer began working on $300 million indoor plants, while Kroger announced that it would be increasing its availability of vertically (垂直地) farmed produce. Meanwhile, two indoor farming companies that got strong backing—New Jersey’s AeroFarms and Kentucky’s AppHarvest—filed for financial failure and reorganization. And a five-year-old company in Detroit, Planted Detroit, shut its doors this summer. The industry changes do not worry Jacob Portillo, a grower with Eden Green Technology, an indoor farming company. “The fact that other people are failing and other people are succeeding is going to happen in any industry you go to,” he said. Indoor farming refers to growing crops indoors, which experts sometimes call “controlled environment agriculture”. There are different methods. One method called vertical farming involves putting produce from floor to ceiling, often under artificial lights and with the plants growing in nutrient-enriched water. Other growers are trying very large greenhouses, indoor beds of soil in big buildings and using special robots for parts of the farming process. Supporters say growing indoors uses less water and land and permits food to be grown closer to consumers, saving on transport. Indoor growing is also a way to protect crops from increasingly extreme weather caused by climate change. But critics question the sustainability (可持续性) of operations that can require a lot of energy for artificial lights. And they say paying for that light can make profitability impossible. Curt Covington of AgAmerica Lending, a private investment company centered on agriculture, is not convinced that indoor farming operations can work—except in special cases. Given the high cost of indoor operations, Covington said, “It’s just hard to be very profitable.” 28．What is Jacob Portillo’s attitude to the indoor food growing industry? A．Positive. B．Worried. C．Unclear. D．Doubtful. 29．What can we learn about indoor farming? A．It takes a lot of manpower to take care of plants. B．It means growing plants in water instead of soil. C．It protects crops from increasingly extreme weather. D．It is different from controlled environment agriculture. 30．Why did Curt Covington question indoor farming operations? A．They produce little food. B．They carry great cost. C．They need sunlight. D．They lack investors. 31．What is the best title for the text? A．What Types of Food Can Be Grown Indoors? B．How Can You Grow Food Indoors Without Soil? C．Indoor Farming Companies Take Agriculture Indoors D．Indoor Food Growing Operations Face an Uncertain Future Passage 3 （2025·江苏省泰州市海陵区江苏省泰州中学·一模）While temperatures continue to climb, visitors are still coming to see Death Valley National Park on the California-Nevada border. The park is known as the hottest place on Earth. This past weekend, the temperatures climbed to 53.33℃. Most visitors at this time of year make it only a short distance to any area in the park before returning to the cool air in their vehicles. Early information from the park service shows that across the nation’s 424 national parks, at least four people have died this year from heat-related causes. That includes a 65-year-old man from San Diego who was found dead at Death Valley earlier this month. Death Valley National Park suggests visitors be careful and not have expectations of rescue. While park rangers (护林员) drive on park roads and can aid tourists in need, it is unsure that lost visitors will get help in time. Physical activity can make the heat feel even worse and leave people exhausted. Alessia Dempster, who was visiting from Edinburgh, Scotland, said, “It’s very hot especially when there’s a gentle wind. You would think maybe that would give you some slight relief from the heat, but it just really does feel like an air blow dryer just going back in your face.” Death Valley is a narrow area that is below sea level and surrounded by high mountains, the park service’s website says. The dry air and small plant coverage let sunlight heat up the park surface. The heat then becomes trapped in the valley. Still, several areas in Death Valley continue to draw tourists. Badwater Basin, made up of salt flats, is considered the lowest point in all of North America. The 183-meter Ubehebe Crater dates back over 2,000 years. And Zabriskie Point is a great sunrise viewing spot. Josh Miller, a visitor from Indianapolis who has been to 20 national parks so far, shared that feeling. “It’s hot, but the scenery is awesome,” he said. 32．What do most visitors do in Death Valley? A．Cool themselves in time. B．Do lots of physical exercises. C．Stay away from park rangers. D．Carry dryers with themselves. 33．Why does the author mention the 65-year-old man in paragraph 2? A．To encourage the elderly to travel more. B．To express admiration for mountain climbers. C．To advise people to tour Death Valley more often. D．To show the danger of traveling in Death Valley. 34．What does paragraph 5 mainly tell us about Death Valley? A．Its covering area. B．Its attractive spots. C．The reason why it is so hot. D．The service of its park’s website. 35．What can be inferred about Death Valley from the last two paragraphs? A．It has a short history. B．It is worth visiting. C．It draws fewer and fewer tourists. D．It is unsuitable for viewing sunrise. 主题04 人与自我——心态与成长 Passage 1 （2025·江苏·一模）When planning my wedding, I was determined not to get caught up in the “perfect day”, but to have a relaxed, informal celebration. My husband and I ended up having a lovely time. “Pursuit of perfection is a prison,” says Moya Sarner, an NHS psychotherapist. Many of us are driven by the unconscious (下意识的) wish that if we could just have the perfect body, the perfect job and the perfect family, then we would be happy. For that reason, it can be one of the most significant barriers to happiness in life. The psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott wrote about the importance of the “good enough mother” who meets her baby’s needs timely, but is not perfect. He said perfect is harmful. To meet every desire immediately, to pass the toy straight away whenever it is demanded slows down a baby’s growth, robbing them of the opportunity to feel frustrated (沮丧的) and learn to crawl to get the toy for themselves. Winnicott believed that while perfection is not a virtue, tolerance of imperfection is. If we cannot develop the capacity to tolerate imperfection in ourselves and in those around us, we can have no self-confidence, no sustainable relationships and no fulfilling career. If we’re always trying to build something called a perfect life, we aren’t really living the one we’re in. How do I know all this? I am a perfectionist in recovery. I’ve started to recognize my intolerance of imperfection — my need for certain things to be exactly as I would like them to be, from the way my husband chops his onions to my terror of being late — and it has made a huge difference to my relationship and my parenting. How can you be a good partner if you expect everyone else to fit your own narrow expectations? How can your child grow if they sense that they always need to color precisely inside the lines you’ve drawn out for them? We need to go further than tolerating imperfections. We need to learn to appreciate their humanity and beauty. Imperfections are why people will pay a calligrapher to handwrite invitations when a computer can produce a flawless (完美的) version of the same script for less money and in less time. So for a more delicious life, and ultimately a better one, I choose imperfectionism. 36．How does the author introduce the topic? A．By presenting a successful ceremony. B．By showing her firm determination. C．By describing her personal experience. D．By introducing her perfect marriage. 37．What can we learn from the example of the “good enough mother”? A．Raising a child brings a mother much joy. B．Pursuing perfection is the duty of mothers. C．Meeting babies’ demands is very challenging. D．Responding instantly impacts babies’ growth. 38．What is the function of the two questions at the end of Paragraph 5? A．To shift topics. B．To make assumptions. C．To arouse interest. D．To encourage thinking. 39．Which of the following might the author approve of? A．A miss is as good as a mile. B．Haste makes waste. C．Close enough is good enough. D．Practice makes perfect. Passage 2 （24-25高三上·江苏镇江·一模）Are you happy? What does occur to me is that there is more to life than simply the pursuit of happiness. Imagine that scientists have invented a machine that can be hooked (钩) up to your brain so that it can give you every pleasurable experience you could ever want. These scientists have designed it so that you can’t distinguish between those pleasurable feelings you have yourself and those that come from the machine, making you blessedly unaware you are actually floating in a tank, with electrodes (电极) in your brain. So, offered the chance to be hooked up to the machine for the rest of your life, would you choose the machine or real life? The vast majority of people would choose real life, despite some discomfort, sorrow, and upset. This thought-experiment aimed to show that there is something other than pure pleasure that gives our lives meaning. As humans, we need contrast in our emotions - the dark to make the light much brighter for us. Was Michelangelo happy when he was painting the Sistine Chapel? No one really knows, but he was probably quite frustrated and angry at times as well as bored, lonely and tired. He might have neck pain for most of it from looking up to paint for hours. But he didn’t do it to feel happy. It gave him a strong sense of purpose, meaning and accomplishment. Surely this is what is at the heart of what drives us. What’s also interesting is that it’s hard to say whether we really are happy or not. A psychiatry professor said that happiness is often experienced in retrospect — we look back on a time of our lives, an event or a moment and recall it with happiness. When we say we were happy in a relationship, for example, what we often mean is that recalling that relationship gives us happiness now. 40．What is the function of the machine mentioned in paragraph 2? A．Creating desired pleasure. B．Boosting your brain power. C．Detecting the surroundings. D．Helping you identify feelings. 41．Why does the author mention Michelangelo and his creation? A．To prove the impact of creativity. B．To recognize his contribution to art. C．To inspire other artists to work harder. D．To show the importance of emotional contrast. 42．What does the underlined word “retrospect” in paragraph 5 mean? A．A review. B．A procedure. C．A condition. D．A scene. 43．What does the author intend to convey in the passage? A．Life highlights hope. B．Life goes beyond happiness. C．Life calls for rapid action. D．Life reflects your thoughts. Passage 3 （2021·江苏镇江·一模）When we are kids, we are constantly being compared to others. Our parents may compare us to our siblings (兄弟姐妹). Our teachers probably compared us to other students. Kids compared us to other kids. Those comparisons created either a sense of humiliation or a sense of pride. Either way, it has become second-nature. Everything we’d done has been followed by looking around and seeking validation (确认感). Midway through my psychology PhD program at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, I felt that I lacked whatever magical ability is required to finish and publish a project. It seemed as though other graduate students were authoring several papers in the time it took me to complete a single experiment. I worked as hard as I could, but my progress seemed to be incremental (渐进式增加的) compared with theirs. When I shared these concerns with my adviser, she had a different take on the situation. “You’re not doing anything wrong,” she assured me, “you’re just pursuing a different kind of research.” Comparing yourself to others is not necessarily a bad thing. When you catch yourself comparing yourself to others, get curious about the feeling that is being triggered (引起). Is it jealousy? Is it obsession? Is it admiration? Is it love? Is it inspiration? Your triggered feelings will give you a clue as to what is going on within you. Most likely, you are jealous because you wish you had what it takes to achieve what the other has achieved or to have what they have. Get curious and figure out why you still don’t have it and what would it take to get there. It is never a good idea to make yourself wrong for comparing yourself to others or to make yourself wrong for not getting where you wish to be. But if all this comparison mounts to is bitter jealousy, then your problem is bigger than a simple comparison. Always bear in mind that your only competition is the one in the mirror and—believe me—it is the toughest competition of all. 44．Which of the following words has the closest meaning to the underlined word “humiliation” in Paragraph 45? A．Virtue. B．Shame. C．Excitement. D．Tiredness. 45．What can be concluded from the adviser’s words in Paragraph 46? A．The author made great progress. B．The author worried unnecessarily. C．The author had magical power. D．The author did something wrong. 46．What will uncover your inner thoughts when you compare yourself with others according to the passage? A．Progress made with great effort. B．Clues found through research. C．Comparisons triggered by curiosity. D．Emotions activated by comparisons. 47．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．How to view comparisons in a reasonable way. B．How to seek validation when compared with others. C．How to show second-nature in comparison with others. D．How to get rid of feelings caused by comparisons. 主题05 人与社会——科技伦理与社会影响 Passage 1 （2022·江苏·一模）Star Wars fans would be familiar with the good relationship between humans and droids (机器人) in the movies. In the movie Solo: A Star Wars Story, Lando Calrissian risked his life to rescue his co-pilot, a female droid L3-37. In real life, a humanoid robot, Sophia, has recently been granted (给予) citizenship in Saudi Arabia. Increasingly, people are ready to see robots as resembling humans. Given this phenomenon, I believ it is necessary to consider giving robots certain rights humans enjoy. Experts have argued that since robots have now acquired human-like qualities, it is appropriate to consider if they should have rights just as humans. Sophia has a human like face and utilizes artificial intelligence to respond to speech and express emotions. For such a lifelike being that is potentially capable of expressing emotions, does it not deserve the right to be loved and respected? Robots should also be given legal and moral protection as harming a robot may be similar to harming humans. Since people tend to form attachments to social robots, it becomes possible for companies to control the hardware and software to exploit this emotional attachment. There is a danger that data that is stored in the robot could be uploaded to the cloud. There would then possibly be situations in which the government or private sector retrieves (检索数据) the information stored in a robotic toy or social robot. With these uncertainties, it is clear why robots should be protected, just as humans. An even more irresistible reason to grant human rights to the robots is the protection of societal values. We should stop a young child from kicking or tearing a toy robot apart because it resembles a real life. Giving robots certain rights will ensure that societal standards are set. Still, many have roundly argued that no matter how sophisticated (老练的) they may be, robots are still machines. It is therefore quite ridiculous to treat them as living beings and grant them rights. However, with the advancement in technology, it is a matter of time before robots are fully anthropomorphized (赋予人的特征), and we would have to consider granting them rights. In conclusion, deciding whether robots deserve human rights is by no means an easy task, but now is the time to start the conversation on this and seriously consider the possibility. 48．Why does the author mention the two examples in the first paragraph? A．To remind readers of the importance of robots. B．To discuss the necessity of rescuing robots. C．To set readers thinking about an issue about robots. D．To describe the relationship between humans and robots. 49．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．Robots should be legally and morally protected. B．There is possible information risk. C．Humans are doing harm to robots. D．Robots should be given more emotional attachment. 50．What’s the author’s attitude towards granting robots human rights? A．Doubtful. B．Favorable. C．Negative. D．Uncaring. 51．What’s the structure of the passage? (①=Para. 1    ②=Para. 2    ③=Para. 3    ④=Para. 4    ⑤=Para. 48    ⑥=Para. 49) A．①—②③④⑤—⑥ B．①②—③④⑤—⑥ C．①—②③—④⑤⑥ D．①—②③④—⑤⑥ Passage 2 （22-23高三下·江苏·一模）While the benefits of Zoom and other videoconferencing tools made them absolutely essential in the pandemic (疫情), the research suggests that heavy reliance on the technology comes at a cost to creative thinking. Brucks at Columbia University and her team started their investigation when managers reported having trouble innovating with remote workers. Brucks doubted whether videoconferencing was a factor, suspecting that difficulties coordinating (协调) large, global teams online might be to blame instead. To find out, the researchers analysed ideas for new products generated by 1,490 engineers for a multinational company. The engineers, who were in Finland, Hungary, India, Israel and Portugal, were randomly paired up and given an hour or so to brainstorm products either in person or over videoconferencing. They then selected their best idea. Writing in Nature, the researchers report that the engineers produced more ideas, and more innovative ideas, when working face to face. “They are not only generating a larger number of creative ideas, but their best idea is better,” Brucks said. Virtual teams were just as good at selecting the best ideas from a bunch as those that met in person. “Visual focus is a huge component of cognitive (认知) focus. When you’re focused on the screen and ignoring the rest of the environment, that affects how you approach the task,” said Brucks. “It’s uniquely bad for creativity because it’s inhibiting broader exploration.” Brucks said the impact on the real world “could be huge”, leading to a division of labour between face-to-face and virtual meetings that could “permanently reshape the office and work schedules”. But she urged businesses to be cautious, because if virtual meetings are cheaper than in-person ones, they may still be more cost-effective. Asked for tips, Brucks said people could save more creative tasks for in-person meetings, or turn off their camera when coming up with ideas. “I think it unlocks more creative thinking,” she said. 52．Why did Brucks conduct the research? A．To prove her assumption. B．To clarify a new concept. C．To make a comparison. D．To explain a rule. 53．What is the finding of the research? A．Face-to-face gatherings promote cross-culture ties. B．Workers think less creatively in virtual meetings. C．Individual work generates more innovative ideas. D．Videoconferencing has an irreplaceable role. 54．What does the underlined word “inhibiting” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Encouraging. B．Requiring. C．Beginning. D．Preventing. 55．What does Brucks say about virtual meetings? A．They should be used accordingly. B．They’ll make office workers divided. C．They’ll give way to in-person meetings. D．They help businesses run more efficiently. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文和议论文） 参考答案 主题01 人与社会——生活服务 Passage 1：1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A Passage 2：5．A 6．D 7．C 8．D Passage 3：9．D 10．D 11．B 主题02 人与自我——健康与生活 Passage 1：12．C 13．D 14．A 15．B Passage 2：16．D 17．A 18．C 19．C Passage 3：20．D 21．B 22．C 23．D 主题03 人与社会——科技应用 Passage 1：24．C 25．A 26．C 27．C Passage 2：29．A 30．A 31．B 32．D Passage 3：33．B 34．C 35．D 36．A 主题01 人与社会——教育与考试 Passage 1：1．B 2．A 3．B 4．D Passage 2：5．B 6．D 7．D Passage 3：8．D 9．C 10．A 11．D 主题02 人与社会——科技与伦理 Passage 1：12．D 13．B 14．B 15．C Passage 2：16．C 17．A 18．B 19．D Passage 3：20．A 21．D 22．B 23．D 主题03 人与社会——环境与生态 Passage 1：24．C 25．D 26．C 27．B Passage 2：28．A 29．C 30．B 31．D Passage 3：32．A 33．D 34．C 35．B 主题04 人与自我——心态与成长 Passage 1：36．C 37．D 38．D 39．C Passage 2：40．A 41．D 42．A 43．B Passage 3：44．B 45．B 46．D 47．A 主题05 人与社会——科技伦理与社会影响 Passage 1：48．C 49．A 50．B 51．A Passage 2：52．A 53．B 54．D 55．A 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文和议论文） 主题01 人与社会——生活服务 Passage 1 （2026·江苏·一模）For gardeners who love neatness, autumn is a bit of a mixed blessing. Golden, autumn leaves look beautiful at first, but they soon turn brown and mushy, making many people want to throw them away. However, gardening and wildlife experts say this is unnecessary and even harmful. To those so inclined (有倾向的), Jon Stokes, the director of the Tree Council, shares his experience. “It’s not necessary. In 35 years of having a garden, I’ve never once swept a leaf, because I’ve never had to. They disappear within a week because the earthworms get them. The garden is completely full of wildlife and my grass has never suffered because of it,” he says, “Don’t take them away and drop them at the landfill, because you’ll have just taken all that goodness out of your garden. If you can’t bear to leave them where they are, get the kids to kick them into a corner, stick them in a pile, or let the hedgehogs (刺猬) and earthworms use them.” While gardens covered with fallen leaves may look like a mess to humans, to wildlife they are a vital source of nutrients and shelter. For an earthworm, a fallen leaf is a snack to be rolled up and pulled down into the soil. For an elephant hawk-moth caterpillar, it is a roof under which to shelter until spring. For a hedgehog, it is a bed to roll around in and turn into a nest. Even for a tree, the leafy covering is a source from which to “drink” during dry periods. Experts offer easy ways to balance neatness and nature. Oliver Fry from Surrey Wildlife Trust suggests piling leaves in dry spots for hedgehogs or wet areas for frogs. Leave some leaf-covered areas for insects, but keep others tidy. If you hate rotting leaves, cut them into small pieces — worms will carry them away faster, boosting the soil microorganisms. Adrian Thomas from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds stresses keeping leaves in the garden instead of landfills. Every gardener’s small effort with leaves can help nature a lot. Leaves aren’t waste; they’re free, natural helpers for healthy plants. 1．What does “a mixed blessing” imply in paragraph 1? A．Autumn is a pleasant but sorrowful. B．Wildlife is lovely but harmful. C．Gardening is rewarding but laborious. D．Fallen leaves are beautiful but annoying. 2．What is Jon Stokes’ attitude towards leaf sweeping? A．Favorable. B．Opposed. C．Cautious. D．Unclear. 3．According to Oliver Fry, what should we do with fallen leaves? A．Send them to the landfill. B．Leave them lying around. C．Pile them in certain areas. D．Sweep them up right away. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Leave the Leaves B．Warm the Worms C．Guard the Gardens D．Balance the Balance 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出落叶对爱整洁的园丁是喜忧参半的存在，专家表明清理落叶无必要且有害，还介绍了落叶的价值和合理处理方法。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“For gardeners who love neatness, autumn is a bit of a mixed blessing. Golden, autumn leaves look beautiful at first, but they soon turn brown and mushy, making many people want to throw them away.(对于喜爱整洁的园丁来说，秋天有点a mixed blessing。金黄的秋叶起初看起来很美，但很快就会变得枯黄软烂，让很多人想把它们扔掉)”可知，“a mixed blessing”指落叶虽美但后续会让人厌烦，是兼具好坏的事物。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“It’s not necessary. In 35 years of having a garden, I’ve never once swept a leaf, because I’ve never had to.(没必要扫落叶。我有花园的35年里，从来没扫过一片叶子，因为根本没必要)”以“Don’t take them away and drop them at the landfill, because you’ll have just taken all that goodness out of your garden.(不要把落叶拿走扔到垃圾填埋场，因为你会把花园里所有的养分都带走)”可知，Jon Stokes对扫落叶的行为持反对态度。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Oliver Fry from Surrey Wildlife Trust suggests piling leaves in dry spots for hedgehogs or wet areas for frogs.(萨里野生动物信托基金会的奥利弗・弗莱建议，把落叶堆在干燥的地方给刺猬，或堆在潮湿的地方给青蛙)”可知，Oliver Fry建议将落叶堆在特定的区域。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章核心围绕落叶展开，专家指出清理落叶无必要且有害，介绍了落叶对野生生物、树木和土壤的重要价值，还给出了保留落叶的具体合理方法，最后强调落叶不是垃圾而是花园的天然帮手。选项A“Leave the Leaves (留下落叶)”精准概括文章的核心，适合作为标题。故选A。 Passage 2 （2026·江苏镇江·一模）Nowadays, there are pet pampering (宠爱) packages at hotels, menus with dog-friendly roast dinners and animal-friendly charter flights. This is the “pawprint (爪印) economy” — and it’s booming. Pet travel isn’t just a trend, it’s something of a transformation. The benefits are real for both parties: strengthened bonds, shared experiences and opportunities to build skills and confidence. But there’s a growing gap between what the industry is offering and what people and pets need. Here’s where the disconnect emerges. While providers advertise “pawsecco” and pet spas, research has shown that people prioritize practical care over “extras”. Studies identify six key qualities that people are looking for: service design, activity support, safety, pet-friendly staff, transparent policies with fair fees, and lastly, amenities (便利设施). Crucially, green spaces drive pet travel planning, boosting wellbeing for both human and animal. After all, this is the real reason why people choose to travel with pets. Yet many people with pets say they don’t believe any accommodation is truly pet friendly, signalling a trust gap. Many properties advertise as “pet friendly” but place restrictions, surprise fees or go no further than simply allowing pets to stay. Part of the problem seems to be one-size-fits-all thinking. Research identifies three distinct groups of people travelling with dogs. There are those seeking basic, convenience-focused accommodation. High-quality experience seekers are willing to pay for luxury. And activity-loving travellers prioritize outdoor adventures. A chihuahua on a city break has different needs to a labrador on a hiking trip, yet many providers offer generic (通用的) packages that delight no one. The evidence from both researchers and industry is clear: people will pay more to travel with their pets. For tourism providers, the opportunities are significant. The travel industry faces a choice: continue offering superficial “pet-friendly” experiences or genuinely adapt and ease the stress for travellers and their pets. The evidence shows that pet-friendly facilities, support with activities, and attentive service outweigh add-ons. Delivering this means providing transparent online information so travellers can assess facilities and policies confidently, designing spaces that genuinely welcome pets, and training staff to deliver a knowledgeable service. 5．What is the first paragraph intended to do? A．Show the rise and advantages of pet travel. B．Compare traditional and modern pet care. C．Promote animal-friendly hotels and flights. D．List reasons why pets travel with owners. 6．What is the real reason for pet travel planning according to paragraph 2? A．Advertising extra services. B．Construction of green spaces. C．Enjoying extra services. D．Access to green spaces. 7．What is the disadvantage of one-size-fits-all thinking? A．It ignores pet safety rules. B．It causes environmental pollution. C．It fails to meet different needs. D．It promotes irresponsible pet ownership. 8．How can the travel industry offer genuine pet-friendly experiences according to the evidence? A．By reducing travel costs. B．By advertising for good pet trainers. C．By providing luxury facilities. D．By offering satisfactory service. 【答案】5．A 6．D 7．C 8．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了宠物友好相关的爪印经济正蓬勃发展，但行业服务与养宠者需求存在脱节，且存在信任和一刀切的问题，旅游业需优化服务打造真正的宠物友好体验。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段“Nowadays, there are pet pampering (宠爱) packages at hotels, menus with dog-friendly roast dinners and animal-friendly charter flights. This is the “pawprint (爪印) economy” — and it’s booming. Pet travel isn’t just a trend, it’s something of a transformation. The benefits are real for both parties: strengthened bonds, shared experiences and opportunities to build skills and confidence.(如今，酒店里有宠物宠爱服务套餐，菜单上有适合狗狗享用的烤肉餐，还有对宠物友好的包机服务。这就是“爪印经济”——并且它正在蓬勃发展。宠物旅行不仅是一种潮流，更是一次重大的转变。这对双方都有实实在在的好处：加深彼此之间的感情、共享美好经历以及获得培养技能和增强自信的机会)”可知，第一段的目的是展示宠物旅行的兴起及其优势。故选A。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段“Crucially, green spaces drive pet travel planning, boosting wellbeing for both human and animal. After all, this is the real reason why people choose to travel with pets.(至关重要的是，绿色空间促进了宠物的出行规划，从而提升了人类和宠物的身心健康。毕竟，这就是人们选择带着宠物出行的真正原因)”可知，宠物旅行规划的真正原因是便于接触绿地。故选D。 7．细节理解题。根据第三段“Part of the problem seems to be one-size-fits-all thinking. Research identifies three distinct groups of people travelling with dogs. There are those seeking basic, convenience-focused accommodation. High-quality experience seekers are willing to pay for luxury. And activity-loving travellers prioritize outdoor adventures. A chihuahua on a city break has different needs to a labrador on a hiking trip, yet many providers offer generic (通用的) packages that delight no one.(问题的部分原因似乎在于“一刀切”的思维模式。研究发现，带着狗狗出行的人群可以分为三个不同的类别。有那些追求基本、注重便利的住宿需求的人；有那些追求高品质体验的人；还有那些热衷于户外活动的旅行者。在城市度假时，吉娃娃的需求与徒步旅行时的拉布拉多犬的需求是不同的，然而许多供应商提供的通用套餐却无法满足任何一方的需求)”可知，“一刀切”的思维方式无法满足不同的需求。故选C。 8．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The evidence from both researchers and industry is clear: people will pay more to travel with their pets. For tourism providers, the opportunities are significant. The travel industry faces a choice: continue offering superficial “pet-friendly” experiences or genuinely adapt and ease the stress for travellers and their pets. The evidence shows that pet-friendly facilities, support with activities, and attentive service outweigh add-ons. Delivering this means providing transparent online information so travellers can assess facilities and policies confidently, designing spaces that genuinely welcome pets, and training staff to deliver a knowledgeable service.(来自研究人员和业界的证据表明：人们愿意为带着宠物出行支付更高的费用。对于旅游服务提供商而言，这是一大机遇。旅游业面临着一个选择：是继续提供表面性的“宠物友好型”体验，还是切实做出调整，减轻游客及其宠物的压力。证据显示，宠物友好型设施、活动支持以及周到的服务比附加服务更为重要。要实现这一点，就需要提供透明的在线信息，以便游客能够放心地评估设施和政策；设计真正欢迎宠物的空间；并培训员工提供专业的服务)”可知，旅游业可以提供令人满意的服务。故选D。 Passage 3 （2025·江苏南京·一模） This coffee cup is a high-quality product designed for coffee lovers. It is made with great attention to detail to enhance your coffee-drinking experience. Material The cup is made of high-quality ceramic. Ceramic is known for its ability to maintain heat well, keeping your coffee warm for a longer period. It also gives a smooth and pleasant touch when you hold the cup. The handle is firmly attached to the cup. It is made of the same ceramic material, ensuring durability and a seamless (无缝的) look. Design ◆The coffee cup has a standard capacity of 300ml. This size is perfect for a regular cup of coffee, whether it is a latte (拿铁), espresso, or cappuccino. ◆The cup has a classic round shape. The opening is wide enough for easy sipping and also allows the pleasant smell to be fully released. Usage Instructions ◆Before using the coffee cup for the first time, it is recommended to wash it with warm water and mild cleaner. ◆When pouring coffee into the cup, be careful not to overfill it. ◆After use, wash the cup instantly. It is dishwasher-safe, but hand-washing can also be used to extend its lifespan (使用寿命). Maintenance ◆Avoid sudden temperature changes. For example, do not pour extremely hot coffee into a cold cup or put a hot cup directly into cold water, as this may cause the ceramic to break. ◆Store the coffee cup in a dry and clean place. 9．Which section can readers refer to for storage requirements? A．Material. B．Design. C．Usage Instructions. D．Maintenance. 10．What do we know about the cup’s material? A．It is sensitive to mild cleaner. B．It has properties of absorbing heat. C．It helps smooth the holder’s hand skin. D．It is subject to sudden temperature changes. 11．What is the text? A．A product report. B．A user guide. C．A cup advertisement. D．A coffee recipe. 【答案】9．D 10．D 11．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款高质量咖啡杯的材质、设计、使用说明和维护保养等内容。 9．细节理解题。根据文章中的“Maintenance”部分提到的“Store the coffee cup in a dry and clean place.(将咖啡杯存放在干燥、干净的地方)”可知，读者可以参考“Maintenance”部分来了解存储要求。故选D项。 10．细节理解题。根据“Material”部分提到的“Ceramic is known for its ability to maintain heat well.(陶瓷以其良好的保温能力而闻名)”以及“Maintenance”部分提到的“Avoid sudden temperature changes. For example, do not pour extremely hot coffee into a cold cup or put a hot cup directly into cold water, as this may cause the ceramic to break.(避免温度突然变化。例如，不要将极热的咖啡倒入冷杯子或将热杯子直接放入冷水中，因为这可能会导致陶瓷破裂)”可知，陶瓷材料虽然保温性能好，但容易因温差过大而破裂。故选D项。 11．推理判断题。文章主要介绍了咖啡杯的材料(Material)、设计(Design)、使用说明(Usage Instructions)和保养方法(Maintenance)，目的是帮助用户正确使用和保养咖啡杯。这种内容通常出现在用户指南中。因此，文章最可能是一份用户指南。故选B项。 主题02 人与自我——健康与生活 Passage 1 （2025高三上·南京市第二十九中学·一模）Tearing up, sweating, nose running and other bodily functions are all signs when you’ re eating spicy foods. Yet, millions of people worldwide actively seek out this burning feeling. The explanation lies not in our sense of taste, but in our complex nervous system and psychology. The heat we perceive from chili peppers originates from capsaicin (辣椒素), a compound that acts as the plant’s chemical defense. It specifically targets TRPV1, a receptor (受体) present on nociceptors — the special nerve cells that detect potentially harmful factors, such as heat above 42℃. When activated, these cells trigger an instant alarm response, causing the body to react as if it’s been burned. This begs the question: why would we enjoy a feeling signaling potential danger? The enjoyment of spicy food is learned through adaptation of the nervous system. Initially,the brain misinterprets the capsaicin-caused heat as a potential threat, triggering an alarm-like response. Through repeated exposure, however, it receives consistent feedback indicating no actual tissue damage occurs. The feeling is gradually reassessed as safe and controllable,transforming the initial pain into a form of“benign masochism”. Much like the thrill of a roller coaster ride, the perceived danger — now under our command — becomes an internal part of the pleasure. Individual tolerance varies. Genetics can influence how sensitive one’s TRPV1 receptors are to capsaicin. More importantly, people can gradually build up a tolerance, essentially training their bodies and brains to handle higher levels of spiciness. The receptors themselves become less responsive over time, and the brain’s predictive system becomes more accurate. So, what can you do if the spice becomes overwhelming? Since capsaicin is fat- soluble,water is ineffective because it only spreads the compound. Dairy products like milk or yogurt are far better solutions — the fat and protein in them combine with the capsaicin and carry it away. 12．Why does eating chili peppers give people the burning feeling? A．Capsaicin briefly hurts taste buds. B．Chilli peppers bring potential danger. C．Capsaicin triggers the reaction of TRPV1. D．Chilli peppers raise the body’s temperature. 13．Which experience is most similar to enjoying spicy food? A．Listening to music. B．Smoking cigarettes. C．Exploring the Antarctic. D．Watching a horror film. 14．What does building a high spice tolerance involve? A．Conscious efforts. B．Genetic adaptation. C．Blocking spiciness signals. D．Keeping receptors from responding. 15．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Capsaicin’s Trick: A False Burning Alarm B．The Spice Lover’s Dilemma: Pleasure in Pain C．The Body’s Signal: Physical Reactions to Spice D．The Art of Endurance: Building Spice Tolerance 【答案】12．C 13．D 14．A 15．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文解释人们喜爱辣食的原因：辣椒素刺激神经产生灼烧感，经反复接触，大脑将其判定为可控刺激，转化为快感，还介绍了耐辣方法与解辣妙招。 12．细节理解题。根据第二段“The heat we perceive from chili peppers originates from capsaicin (辣椒素), a compound that acts as the plant’s chemical defense. It specifically targets TRPV1, a receptor (受体) present on nociceptors — the special nerve cells that detect potentially harmful factors, such as heat above 42℃.(我们从辣椒中感受到的热感源自辣椒素，这是一种植物的化学防御物质。它专门作用于TRPV1受体，该受体存在于伤害感受器（能够感知潜在有害因素，如超过42℃的高温）上)”可知，吃辣椒会让人们产生灼烧感是因为辣椒素会触发TRPV1受体的反应。故选C。 13．推理判断题。根据第三段“The feeling is gradually reassessed as safe and controllable, transforming the initial pain into a form of “benign masochism”. Much like the thrill of a roller coaster ride, the perceived danger — now under our command — becomes an internal part of the pleasure.(这种感觉逐渐被重新评估为安全且可控的，从而将最初的痛苦转化为一种“良性受虐狂”的体验。就像乘坐过山车时的刺激感一样，我们所感知到的危险——如今已处于我们的掌控之中——成为了愉悦的一部分)”可知，享受辣食的快感属于“良性受虐”——明知没有实际伤害，却因可控的“危险感”获得刺激，和看恐怖片的体验逻辑一致（恐惧但安全）。故选D。 14．细节理解题。根据第四段“Individual tolerance varies. Genetics can influence how sensitive one’s TRPV1 receptors are to capsaicin. More importantly, people can gradually build up a tolerance, essentially training their bodies and brains to handle higher levels of spiciness. The receptors themselves become less responsive over time, and the brain’s predictive system becomes more accurate.(每个人的耐受度都有所不同。遗传因素会影响人体TRPV1受体对辣椒素的敏感程度。更重要的是，人们能够逐渐形成耐受性，即通过训练让身体和大脑能够更好地应对更高的辣度。随着时间的推移，这些受体自身的反应会减弱，而大脑的预测系统也会变得更加准确)”可知，增强对辛辣食物的耐受能力需要积极主动的努力。故选A。 15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Tearing up, sweating, nose running and other bodily functions are all signs when you’ re eating spicy foods. Yet, millions of people worldwide actively seek out this burning feeling. The explanation lies not in our sense of taste, but in our complex nervous system and psychology.(吃辛辣食物时，会出现流泪、出汗、流鼻涕等生理反应。然而，全球数以百万计的人却热衷于这种令人不适的感觉。其原因并非在于味觉，而是源于我们复杂的神经系统和心理状态)”结合本文解释人们喜爱辣食的原因：辣椒素刺激神经产生灼烧感，经反复接触，大脑将其判定为可控刺激，转化为快感，还介绍了耐辣方法与解辣妙招。可知，B选项“辣味爱好者面临的困境：在痛苦中寻求愉悦”最符合文章标题。故选B。 Passage 2 （2025·江苏无锡·一模）Vaping (抽电子烟) damages young people’ s lungs as much as smoking, according to a research that has caused fresh debate over the health risks of e-cigarettes. The study compared vapers and smokers in an intense exercise test and found both groups less fit and much more out of breath than people who have neither habit. Dr. Azmy Faisal and colleagues at Manchester Metropolitan University asked 60 people in their 20s to have their lung capacity recorded. Twenty were non-smokers, 20 others had vaped for at least two years and the other 20 had smoked for at least two years. The test measured the maximum amount of physical exercise that someone could achieve, and found that the vapers had an average “peak exercise capacity”, which, at 186 watts, was similar to that of the smokers (182 watts) but much lower than that among the non-smokers (226 watts). In addition, the vapers and smokers were less able to take in oxygen — at 2.7 litres and 2.6 litres a minute respectively — than those who neither smoked nor vaped (3 litres). “The study adds to growing evidence that long-term use of vaping is detrimental and challenges the idea that vaping could be a healthier alternative to smoking”, said Faisal and his co-authors of the study. Medical researchers have also found evidence that vaping increases the risk of cancer, because it changes their DNA, and also that it may damage the brain and vital organs because e-cigarette aerosols (气溶胶) and liquids can contain traces of poisonous metals such as lead and uranium. Dr. Filippos Filippidis, Chairman of the ERS’s tobacco control committee, said, “Vapes are being sold cheaply and in a variety of flavours to appeal to young people.” Doctors and policymakers need to know about the risks of vaping and we should be doing all we can to help children and young people to avoid or quit vaping. 16．How is Faisal’s research conducted? A．By measuring oxygen intake in the blood. B．By recording exercise capacities at different ages. C．By comparing health conditions in different exercises. D．By analyzing lung capacities among different groups. 17．What does the underlined word “detrimental” in paragraph 6 probably mean? A．Harmful. B．Mysterious. C．Unimportant. D．Unpredictable. 18．What can be inferred from the text? A．Vaping will soon be completely banned. B．More people will start vaping in the future. C．Health risks of vaping haven’t been understood by all. D．Strict rules will be made to regulate the price of vaping products. 19．What might be discussed in the following paragraph? A．The history and development of vaping products. B．The comparison between different e-cigarette brands. C．Specific measures to help young people to quit vaping. D．Different opinions of young people who vape regularly. 【答案】16．D 17．A 18．C 19．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了一项研究表明，抽电子烟对年轻人肺部的损害程度与吸烟相当，引发了人们对电子烟健康风险的新一轮争论。 16．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Dr. Azmy Faisal and colleagues at Manchester Metropolitan University asked 60 people in their 20s to have their lung capacity recorded. (曼彻斯特城市大学的Azmy Faisal博士和他的同事让60名20多岁的人记录他们的肺活量。)”和第四段“The test measured the maximum amount of physical exercise that someone could achieve, and found that the vapers had an average “peak exercise capacity”, which, at 186 watts, was similar to that of the smokers (182 watts) but much lower than that among the non-smokers (226 watts). (该测试测量了某人所能达到的最大运动量，并发现抽电子烟的人的平均“最大运动能力”为186瓦，与吸烟者(182瓦)相似，但远低于非吸烟者(226瓦)。)”可知，Faisal的研究是通过分析不同人群的肺活量来进行的。故选D项。 17．词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句“‘The study adds to growing evidence that long-term use of vaping is detrimental and challenges the idea that vaping could be a healthier alternative to smoking’, said Faisal and his co-authors of the study. (Faisal和他的研究合著者说:‘这项研究为长期使用电子烟……这一日益增多的证据增添了内容，并挑战了电子烟可能是吸烟更健康替代品这一观点。’)”可知，Faisal和他的研究合著者的研究挑战了电子烟可能是吸烟更健康替代品这一观点即长期用电子烟是不健康的，由此画线词所在句提到的是研究为“电子烟有害”增添了证据。故画线词意思是“有害的”与A选项“Harmful.(有害的)”为同义词。故选A项。 18．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Doctors and policymakers need to know about the risks of vaping and we should be doing all we can to help children and young people to avoid or quit vaping. (医生和决策者需要了解电子烟的风险，我们应该尽我们所能帮助儿童和年轻人避免或戒除电子烟。)”可推知，不是所有人都了解电子烟的健康风险。故选C项。 19．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Doctors and policymakers need to know about the risks of vaping and we should be doing all we can to help children and young people to avoid or quit vaping. (医生和决策者需要了解电子烟的风险，我们应该尽我们所能帮助儿童和年轻人避免或戒除电子烟。)”可知，最后一段强调了医生和决策者需要了解电子烟的风险，并帮助年轻人避免或戒除电子烟，由此可推知，接下来可能会讨论帮助年轻人戒除电子烟的具体措施。故选C项。 Passage 3 （2025高三下·江苏省如皋中学·一模）You jerk(猛然一动)awake in the middle of the night in confusion. Is there a figure standing in the corner of the room? Your brain begs your legs to move, but nothing happens. The anxiety increases. Your eyes scan the room. Just as you’re about to hit peak panic, you sit up and the figure disappears. You’ve just experienced sleep paralysis(瘫痪), which is the name experts give to all sorts of weird things that occur during sleep. It happens when the brain temporarily disables the body to prevent it from acting out the vivid dreams occurring during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. It often comes with a feeling of immobility, and a sense of choking. The good news is, it’s absolutely normal, even if it’s terrifying. But when sleep paralysis happens outside of deep sleep—when a person is just dozing off—it can be “disruptive of the architecture of sleep,” said Baland Jalal, a researcher who investigates the phenomenon. That could lead to more sleep paralysis. While not everyone who has sleep paralysis experiences hallucinations(幻觉), seeing a person or a ghost in the room is the most common vision, said Jalal. The mechanisms behind sleep paralysis remain unclear, but research indicates that certain risk factors may increase the likelihood of experiencing a jerk, including extreme exercise before sleep, inadequate sleep, emotional stress and worry, and excessive stimulant consumption (like caffeine and nicotine), especially later in the day. “For most people, it is not indicative of any kind of disease. If you are really worried about it, regular sleep and other simple relaxation techniques, like meditation, deep breathing and yoga, may help,” said Dr. Nathaniel Watson, president of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. While the experience feels frightening, the episodes last only a few seconds or minutes at most. Most people slip out of it as quickly as they fell into it, he said. 20．What is sleep paralysis? A．A frightening dream that interrupts sleep. B．A physical symptom of anxiety disorders. C．A mental disease that affects sleep quality. D．A brief state of being conscious but frozen. 21．What do people who have sleep paralysis often experience? A．Involuntary cough. B．Unreal sensation. C．Sharpened vision. D．Sustained immobility. 22．What does Dr. Nathaniel Watson say about sleep paralysis? A．It is caused by inadequate sleep. B．It can be a warning signal of diseases. C．It is a temporary disturbing experience. D．It can be prevented by extreme exercise. 23．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Common Myths About Sleep Paralysis B．Sleep Paralysis: How It Affects Sleep Patterns C．Ways to Prevent and Cope with Sleep Paralysis D．Sleep Paralysis: Why We Jerk Awake and Can’t Move 【答案】20．D 21．B 22．C 23．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了睡眠瘫痪这一现象，睡眠瘫痪是一段在睡眠时发生的清醒却不能移动的感觉，分析出现睡眠瘫痪的原因。 20．细节理解题。根据第二段“You’ve just experienced sleep paralysis(瘫痪), which is the name experts give to all sorts of weird things that occur during sleep. It happens when the brain temporarily disables the body to prevent it from acting out the vivid dreams occurring during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. It often comes with a feeling of immobility, and a sense of choking. The good news is, it’s absolutely normal, even if it’s terrifying.(你刚刚经历了睡眠瘫痪，这是专家给睡眠中发生的各种奇怪的事情起的名字。当大脑暂时使身体失去功能，以防止它在REM睡眠期间发生生动的梦时，就会发生这种情况。它通常伴随着一种不动的感觉，和一种窒息的感觉。好消息是，这是绝对正常的，即使这很可怕。)”可知，睡眠瘫痪是一种有意识的但僵住的短暂状态。故选D。 21．推理判断题。根据第一段内容“You jerk(猛然一动)awake in the middle of the night in confusion. Is there a figure standing in the corner of the room? Your brain begs your legs to move, but nothing happens. The anxiety increases. Your eyes scan the room. Just as you’re about to hit peak panic, you sit up and the figure disappears.( 你会在半夜莫名其妙地惊醒。房间的角落里站着一个人影吗?你的大脑让你的腿动起来，但什么也没发生。焦虑加剧。你的眼睛扫视着房间。就在你即将达到恐慌的顶峰时，你坐起来，那个身影消失了)”可知，经历睡眠瘫痪的人会有不真实的感觉。故选B。 22．推理判断题。根据第三段的““For most people, it is not indicative of any kind of disease. If you are really worried about it, regular sleep and other simple relaxation techniques, like meditation, deep breathing and yoga, may help,” said Dr. Nathaniel Watson, president of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. (“对大多数人来说，这并不意味着任何疾病。如果你真的担心这个问题，有规律的睡眠和其他简单的放松技巧，比如冥想、深呼吸和瑜伽，可能会有所帮助，”美国睡眠医学学会主席纳撒尼尔·沃森博士说)”可知，纳撒尼尔·沃森博士认为睡眠瘫痪不是疾病，只是短暂地令人不安的经历。故选C。 23．主旨大意题。根据第二段“You’ve just experienced sleep paralysis(瘫痪), which is the name experts give to all sorts of weird things that occur during sleep. It happens when the brain temporarily disables the body to prevent it from acting out the vivid dreams occurring during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. It often comes with a feeling of immobility, and a sense of choking. The good news is, it’s absolutely normal, even if it’s terrifying.(你刚刚经历了睡眠瘫痪，这是专家给睡眠中发生的各种奇怪的事情起的名字。当大脑暂时使身体失去功能，以防止它在REM睡眠期间发生生动的梦时，就会发生这种情况。它通常伴随着一种不动的感觉，和一种窒息的感觉。好消息是，这是绝对正常的，即使这很可怕。)”以及下文的分析可知，本文讲述了睡眠瘫痪这一现象，睡眠瘫痪是一段在睡眠时发生的清醒却不能移动的感觉，分析出现睡眠瘫痪的原因。因此推断D项“睡眠瘫痪：为什么我们会突然醒来却不能动”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。 主题03 人与社会——科技应用 Passage 1 （2026·江苏镇江·一模）Plants can be grown in flexible ways. Besides planting seeds, a special method allows growing new plants from parts of other plants, like rose stems or potato tubers — these copies like the mother plant are called plant clones. The technique to make plant clones is known as micropropagation (微繁殖). It uses tiny pieces of plant tissue, called explants (外植体), from a “mother plant” and raises them in a clean lab with nutrient-rich media, under controlled light, temperature, and humidity. The key lies in the ability of a single cell to develop into a whole organism, and dedifferentiation (去分化), where mature cells return to a dividing state before forming new tissues and organs. Suppose you have a favorite garden plant with unique, attractive flowers but it produces no seeds. In nature, some plants depend on bees, insects, or birds to develop seeds — without these helpers, they may die seedless. To grow it, you can try micropropagation. Beyond resolving the seedless plant problem, it can also efficiently reproduce economically important species like bananas, saving time and cost. Moreover, it enables the production of virus-free plants and helps reproduce stress-tolerant varieties that otherwise struggle to produce seeds. You might be curious about the materials and experimental setup required for this modern technique. The process needs a mother plant, suitable explants, and a nutrient medium. After being cleaned, explants grow into complete plants in a room with a controlled environment. Later, they are hardened and relocated to greenhouses or fields. Additionally, simple micropropagation, such as using stem cuttings of roses, lets people grow plants at home without seeds, offering a convenient way to reproduce beloved plants. 24．What can people do with the special method according to paragraph 1? A．produce plant seeds. B．Change plant colors. C．Grow new identical plants. D．Protect rare plant species. 25．What does the underlined word “them” stand for in paragraph 2? A．Explants. B．New plants. C．Seeds. D．New cells. 26．What can we know about the process according to the last paragraph? A．It is hard to reproduce roses at home. B．Plants grow better indoors than outdoors. C．The growth of explants needs special care. D．Simple micropropagation needs complex procedures. 27．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Micropropagation: Its Trouble and Cost. B．Explants: From Leaves to Plants. C．Plant Cloning: Its Benefits and Procedure. D．Nutrient Media: Energy for Plant Growth. 【答案】24．C 25．A 26．C 27．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了植物微繁殖技术，包括其原理、应用、所需材料和实验设置等。 24．细节理解题。根据第一段“Besides planting seeds, a special method allows growing new plants from parts of other plants, like rose stems or potato tubers — these copies like the mother plant are called plant clones.(除了播种外，还有一种特殊的方法可以从其他植物的部分，如玫瑰茎或马铃薯块茎，培育出新的植物——这些与母株相似的植物被称为克隆植物。)”可知，人们可以用这种特殊的方法培育新的相同植物。故选C。 25．词句猜测题。根据第二段“It uses tiny pieces of plant tissue, called explants (外植体), from a “mother plant” and raises them in a clean lab with nutrient-rich media, under controlled light, temperature, and humidity.(它从“母株”上取下称为外植体的微小植物组织，在光线、温度和湿度可控的清洁实验室中，用营养丰富的培养基培养它们。)”可知，them指代的是上文提到的“explants”，也就是外植体。故选A。 26．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The process needs a mother plant, suitable explants, and a nutrient medium. After being cleaned, explants grow into complete plants in a room with a controlled environment. Later, they are hardened and relocated to greenhouses or fields.(这个过程需要一株母株、合适的外植体和营养培养基。外植体经过清洗后，在可控环境的房间里长成完整的植株。后来，它们被硬化并重新安置到温室或田野中。)”可知，外植体的生长需要特殊照顾。故选C。 27．主旨大意题。文章第一段介绍了植物克隆这种特殊的方法，第二段介绍了植物克隆的原理，第三段介绍了植物克隆的好处，第四段介绍了植物克隆的过程，由此可知，文章主要介绍了植物克隆的好处和程序，故选项C适合作为这篇文章的最佳标题。故选C。 Passage 2 （2025·江苏南京·一模）Imagine an artificial intelligence model that can watch and understand moving images like you and me. Now, scientists have made this a reality by creating MovieNet: an innovative AI that processes videos much like how our brains interpret real-life scenes. This brain-inspired AI model can perceive moving scenes by simulating how neurons (神经元) make real-time sense of the world. While conventional AI excels at still image recognition, MovieNet is designed to understand complex, dynamic scenes, allowing it to recognize small changes over time. To create MovieNet, Hollis Cline, senior author of the study, examined how animals’ brains process real-world scenes. Specifically, he studied how tadpoles’ (蝌蚪的) neurons respond to moving stimuli. Tadpoles’ neurons process these visual inputs like solving puzzle pieces: each piece alone may not make sense, but together they form a complete image in motion. Different neurons process various “puzzle pieces” of a real-life moving image, which the brain then combines to form a continuous scene. Using this understanding, the researchers trained MovieNet to process video clips by identifying small visual signals, allowing it to distinguish between small changes in scenes. In testing, MovieNet achieved 82.3% accuracy, outperforming trained human observers by 18% and doing much better than existing AI models. Beyond its higher accuracy, MovieNet is more environment-friendly. Conventional AI requires vast amounts of data and energy, but MovieNet compresses (压缩) data like a zipped file, reducing environmental impact. “We’ve also made AI far less demanding,” says Cline. MovieNet could also transform medicine. It might help detect early signs of diseases by tracking small movement changes that are difficult for human eyes to detect. Looking ahead, the team plans to improve MovieNet’s ability to adapt to different environments and enhance its potential applications. “By designing models that think like living organisms (有机体), we can achieve efficiency levels that aren't possible with traditional AI,” says Cline, “Biology is a gold mine.” 29．What does the underlined word “simulating” mean in paragraph 2? A．Copying. B．Inspiring. C．Demonstrating. D．Recognizing. 30．MovieNet is trained ________. A．to integrate dynamic images B．to increase visual inputs C．to feed on information pieces D．to look into tadpoles’ neurons 31．According to paragraph 5, what is an advantage of MovieNet? A．Its powerful data storage. B．Its low energy consumption. C．Its control of medical diseases. D．Its improvement on drug effects. 32．What can be concluded from Cline’s words in the last paragraph? A．Biology brings us financial profits. B．Living organisms can outperform AI. C．AI can assist in biological development. D．Drawing inspiration from biology is promising. 【答案】29．A 30．A 31．B 32．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家开发出的一种新型的人工智能模型——MovieNet，并详细说明其原理、优势以及潜在应用。 29．词句猜测题。根据划线单词的上文“This brain-inspired AI model(这个受大脑启发的人工智能模型)”和下文的内容“how neurons (神经元) make real-time sense of the world(神经元是如何实时感知世界的)”可知，既然这种人工智能模型是受人类大脑启发的，那么它肯定是可以模仿神经元对世界的感知。因此，划线单词simulating的意为“模仿”或“复制”，与动词copying意义一致。故选A项。 30．细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“Tadpoles’ neurons process these visual inputs like solving puzzle pieces: each piece alone may not make sense, but together they form a complete image in motion. Different neurons process various “puzzle pieces” of a real-life moving image, which the brain then combines to form a continuous scene.(蝌蚪的神经元处理这些视觉输入就像解决拼图一样：每一块单独可能都没有意义，但它们一起形成了一个完整的运动图像。不同的神经元处理现实生活中运动图像的各种“拼图”，然后大脑将它们组合成一个连续的场景。)”和第四段的句子“Using this understanding, the researchers trained MovieNet to process video clips by identifying small visual signals, allowing it to distinguish between small changes in scenes.(利用这种理解，研究人员训练MovieNet通过识别小的视觉信号来处理视频片段，使其能够区分场景中的小变化。)”可知，MovieNet是通过整合动态图像来识别场景中的微小变化的。故选A项。 31．细节理解题。根据第五段的句子“Conventional AI requires vast amounts of data and energy, but MovieNet compresses data like a zipped file, reducing environmental impact.(传统的人工智能需要大量的数据和能源，但MovieNet像压缩文件一样压缩数据，减少了对环境的影响。)”可知，MovieNet通过压缩数据减少了对环境的影响，即其能耗较低。故选B项。 32．推理判断题。根据最后一段的句子“By designing models that think like living organisms, we can achieve efficiency levels that aren’t possible with traditional AI,” says Cline, “Biology is a gold mine.(通过设计像生物体一样思考的模型，我们可以达到传统人工智能无法达到的效率水平，”克莱恩说，“生物学是一座金矿。)”可知，Cline认为通过模仿生物体的思维方式设计模型，可以达到传统AI无法实现的效率水平，并称生物学为“金矿”。因此，可以推断出从生物学中汲取灵感是很有前景的。故选D项。 Passage 3 （2025·江苏省泰州市海陵区江苏省泰州中学·一模）Last Friday, a robot called EveR6 led an orchestra (管弦乐队) in a performance of Korean music at the National Theater of Korea. EveR 6 is about as tall as a person, and has a human-like face that can show emotions. Its joints (关节) allow it to move its arms quickly and smoothly in many different directions. But EveR 6 doesn’t think on its own like some advanced Artificial Intelligence programs. Instead, it has a limited group of movements that it has been trained to perform. To make these movements as natural as possible, EveR 6’s movements are based on those captured from real human conductors. In Friday’s performance, the National Orchestra of Korea presented a concert titled “Absence”. The concert included five different pieces of music. Two were conducted by EveR 6, and two were conducted by Soo-Yeoul Choi, who leads the Busan Philharmonic Orchestra. Both conductors worked together on the final piece. Mr. Choi was impressed with the way EveR 6 moved. “The robot was able to present such detailed moves much better than I had imagined,” he said. But Mr. Choi added that the robot’s biggest weakness is that it can’t hear. “Some people think that conducting is just a combination of hand waving and keeping the beat,” said Mr. Choi. “But a good conductor needs to listen to the orchestra, so that he or she can correct and encourage the orchestra as it plays.” Mr. Choi and EveR 6 both conducted a piece of music called “Sense”. Instead of musical notes, EveR 6 had instructions for how to play the piece. The conductors and musicians had to work together to create the music. Mr. Choi communicated with the musicians while EveR 6 kept the beat. Mr. Choi said that once EveR 6 started, the musicians had “no choice but to follow its beats”. Mr. Choi doesn’t think robots are likely to replace human conductors. But he believes robots could be helpful in situations like practice sessions where the same thing needs to be repeated many times. 33．What do we know about EveR 6 from the text? A．It is an experienced conductor. B．It has a lifelike appearance. C．It is able to listen to music. D．It is much shorter than a person. 34．What does the underlined word “captured”in paragraph 2 mean? A．Stolen. B．Stopped. C．Recorded. D．Hidden. 35．What advantage does a human conductor have over EveR 6? A．Waving hands. B．Keeping the beat. C．Having instructions. D．Communicating with musicians. 36．What is the text mainly about? A．A robot conducting an orchestra. B．An orchestra having performed in Korea. C．Modern music combined with technology. D．Two conductors getting worldwide recognition. 【答案】33．B 34．C 35．D 36．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是机器人音乐指挥家EveR 6，介绍了其特点以及缺点。 33．细节理解题，根据第一段“EveR 6 is about as tall as a person, and has a human-like face that can show emotions.(EveR 6和人一样高，有一张像人一样的脸，可以表达情绪)”可知，EveR 6有着栩栩如生的外观。故选B。 34．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“To make these movements as natural as possible, EveR 6’s movements are based on those”及画线词后“from real human conductors.”可知，为了使这些动作尽可能自然，EveR 6的动作是基于从真实的人类指挥家那里记录到的。由此可知，划线词的意思是“记录”。故选C。 35．细节理解题。根据第五段““Some people think that conducting is just a combination of hand waving and keeping the beat,” said Mr. Choi. “But a good conductor needs to listen to the orchestra, so that he or she can correct and encourage the orchestra as it plays.”(“有些人认为指挥只是挥手和保持节拍的结合，”崔说。“但是一个好的指挥需要倾听乐队，这样他或她才能在乐队演奏时纠正和鼓励乐队。”)”及第六段“Mr. Choi communicated with the musicians while EveR 6 kept the beat. Mr. Choi said that once EveR 6 started, the musicians had “no choice but to follow its beats”.( Choi先生与乐手沟通，而EveR 6则保持节奏。Choi说，一旦EveR 6开始，音乐家们“别无选择，只能跟着它的节奏走”)”可知，与EveR 6相比，人类指挥员的优势是会和音乐人交流，故选D。 36．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Last Friday, a robot called EveR6 led an orchestra (管弦乐队) in a performance of Korean music at the National Theater of Korea. EveR 6 is about as tall as a person, and has a human-like face that can show emotions. Its joints (关节) allow it to move its arms quickly and smoothly in many different directions.(上周五，一个名为EveR6的机器人在韩国国家剧院领导一个管弦乐队演出了韩国音乐。EveR 6和人一样高，有一张像人一样的脸，可以表达情绪。它的关节使它的手臂在许多不同的方向上快速而平稳地移动)”结合主要介绍的是机器人音乐指挥家EveR 6，介绍了其特点以及缺点。由此可知，本文主要介绍了指挥管弦乐队的机器人。故选A。 主题01 人与社会——教育与考试 Passage 1 （2026·江苏·一模）Since 2015, China’s college entrance examination (Gaokao) has undergone profound reforms driven by modern technology, shifting from “ability-oriented” to “competency-oriented” evaluation. This transformation, guided by the China Gaokao Evaluation Framework, has been strongly supported by technological innovations such as artificial intelligence (AI) and big data, reshaping both question design and comprehensive assessment systems. In the field of proposition development, large language models (LLMs) (大语言模型) have emerged as a key tool since 2020. A 2025 study published in educational technology journals showed that LLMs can generate basic subject questions with an accuracy rate of over 87% for subjects like mathematics and Chinese, and have been piloted in regional mock exams. For example, a provincial educational research center used AI to generate 30% of the test questions for a 2025 spring mock exam, shortening the proposition cycle by 42% while maintaining high quality after expert revision. Beyond efficiency, technology has facilitated the design of innovative question types. Researchers like Ren Zichao and Chen Ang developed five new question types (including multiple-select questions and ill-structured problems) through large-scale trials involving 4,205 students between 2015 and 2019, which effectively assess critical thinking and practical application abilities. These questions, such as ill-structured math problems that require students to select their own solution conditions, have been officially included in Gaokao papers since 2020.    In terms of exam evaluation, technology has promoted the shift from “result-only” assessment to process-oriented evaluation (过程性评价). Zhejiang Province, a national education evaluation reform pilot, has built a “three-dimensional evaluation system” integrating structural, process, and result quality since 2013. Supported by big data analytics, process-oriented evaluation tracks indicators like homework burden, class participation, and sleep quality through regular surveys, providing schools with targeted improvement suggestions. For instance, Hangzhou’s Jianggan District conducts semesterly monitoring of students’ learning processes, and data analysis has helped reduce excessive homework and improve teaching effectiveness. Meanwhile, AI has been embedded in Gaokao’s competency assessment — 2025 Gaokao Chinese papers, though not explicitly mentioning AI, tested logical thinking and information integration abilities essential for AI-era learning by simulating AI training scenarios. Experts emphasize that technology’s role in Gaokao reform is not to replace human judgment but to enhance scientificity and equity. The China Gaokao Evaluation Framework highlights that technological applications should align with curriculum standards and talent selection goals, ensuring that evaluations truly reflect students’ comprehensive competencies. From AI-assisted proposition to data-driven process evaluation, technology has become a cornerstone of Gaokao’s transformation toward more inclusive and quality-oriented education. 1．What is the main goal of applying modern technology to Gaokao reform? A．To replace human experts in question design entirely B．To make Gaokao more scientific and inclusive C．To reduce the difficulty of Gaokao questions D．To focus only on students’ final test scores 2．What was the initial purpose of large language models (LLMs) in education before being used for Gaokao proposition? A．To develop AI tutoring systems for students B．To generate basic subject questions efficiently C．To analyze students’ daily learning data D．To design online course frameworks 3．How does process-oriented evaluation help schools improve teaching quality? A．By ranking schools based on Gaokao admission rates B．By tracking students’ learning processes and providing targeted suggestions C．By reducing the number of exams students take each semester D．By focusing only on students’ homework completion rates 4．What can be inferred from experts’ opinions on technology in Gaokao reform? A．Technology should take priority over educational principles. B．Technology will completely replace human judgment in Gaokao. C．Traditional question types will be eliminated in future Gaokao papers. D．Tech and human expertise improve Gaokao proposition’s scientificity. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了自2015年以来，现代科技推动中国高考进行深刻改革，从“能力导向”转向“素养导向”评价，在命题开发和考试评价等方面发挥了重要作用，且强调科技在高考改革中的作用是增强科学性和公平性，而非取代人类判断。 1．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Experts emphasize that technology’s role in Gaokao reform is not to replace human judgment but to enhance scientificity and equity. The China Gaokao Evaluation Framework highlights that technological applications should align with curriculum standards and talent selection goals, ensuring that evaluations truly reflect students’ comprehensive competencies. From AI-assisted proposition to data-driven process evaluation, technology has become a cornerstone of Gaokao’s transformation toward more inclusive and quality-oriented education(专家强调，科技在高考改革中的作用不是取代人类的判断，而是增强科学性和公平性。从人工智能辅助命题到数据驱动的过程评价，科技已成为高考向更具包容性和以质量为导向的教育转型的基石)”可知，将现代技术应用于高考改革的主要目标是使高考更加科学和包容。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“In the field of proposition development, large language models (LLMs) (大语言模型) have emerged as a key tool since 2020. A 2025 study published in educational technology journals showed that LLMs can generate basic subject questions with an accuracy rate of over 87% for subjects like mathematics and Chinese, and have been piloted in regional mock exams(在命题开发领域，自2020年以来，大语言模型（LLMs）已成为关键工具。2025年发表在教育技术期刊上的一项研究表明，大语言模型可以为数学和语文等学科生成准确率超过87%的基础学科问题，并已在地区模拟考试中进行试点)”可知，2025年发表在教育技术期刊上的一项研究表明，大语言模型可以为数学和语文等学科生成准确率超过87%的基础学科问题，并已在地区模拟考试中进行试点，可推理出在用于高考命题之前，大语言模型在教育领域的最初目的是为学生开发人工智能辅导系统，之后才应用到命题开发领域。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Supported by big data analytics, process-oriented evaluation tracks indicators like homework burden, class participation, and sleep quality through regular surveys, providing schools with targeted improvement suggestions. For instance, Hangzhou’s Jianggan District conducts semesterly monitoring of students’ learning processes, and data analysis has helped reduce excessive homework and improve teaching effectiveness(在大数据分析的支持下，过程性评价通过定期调查跟踪作业负担、课堂参与度和睡眠质量等指标，为学校提供有针对性的改进建议。例如，杭州市江干区每学期对学生的学习过程进行监测，数据分析有助于减少过多的作业，提高教学效果)”可知，过程性评价通过跟踪学生的学习过程并提供有针对性的建议来帮助学校提高教学质量。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Experts emphasize that technology’s role in Gaokao reform is not to replace human judgment but to enhance scientificity and equity. The China Gaokao Evaluation Framework highlights that technological applications should align with curriculum standards and talent selection goals, ensuring that evaluations truly reflect students’ comprehensive competencies(专家强调，科技在高考改革中的作用不是取代人类的判断，而是增强科学性和公平性。《中国高考评价体系》强调，技术应用应与课程标准和人才选拔目标相一致，确保评价真正反映学生的综合能力)”可知，科技与人类专业知识相结合可以提高高考命题的科学性。故选D项。 Passage 2 （2026高三上·江苏省南京市鼓楼区南京市第二十九中学·一模） A Beginner’s Guide to Goal Setting for Teens Are you trying to get into your dream college? Hoping to make it into the school basketball team next year? Or maybe get an A in chemistry? Regardless of what your goal is or how big it is, if you’re a young person who wants to accomplish something, you’ve come to the right place. This guide to goal setting for teens is definitely for you! When it comes to goal setting, SMART goals are the top dog. This well-established tool for goal setting is highly influenced by Locke and Latham’s goal setting theory and used by almost every major company out there. If there’s one tool for goal setting for teens to understand, it’s this one. You’ll probably encounter it later on in university or your career as well too! When creating a SMART goal, here’s what you need to consider... A SMARI goal is... Specific→State exactly what you will accomplish Measurable→Progress is trackable and you will know when you achieve it Attainable→It is possible for you to achieve the goal Relevant→It is consistent with your values, interests and other goals Timely→Includes fair, but firm deadlines Where to start? 1. Start by thinking about your whole job and the broad areas (or “buckets”) of responsibility and results over which you have control. 2. Develop a goal statement for each bucket. To get the scale right, remember to focus on end results, rather than tasks. 3. Goals should be high level enough to include the core outcomes for which you are responsible, but specific and clear enough so you will be able to measure success. 4. Goals should be on-going job responsibilities and any new projects and assignments that are specific to this performance cycle. 5. Having too many goals can be an indicator that your goals are defined at too detailed a level and are focused more on tasks than on end results. 6. If it seems that your goals are becoming too many and focus on individual tasks, it may be helpful to consider combining several goal statements into a broader outcome area. 5．The author recommends SMART most probably because ______. A．he is a trainer for a major company B．it is a tool well supported by theory C．the readers need it for their future life D．teens are big dreamers but not doers 6．Xiao Ming, an average high school student, writes the following goal for the new semester: My goal is to raise my scores above 90（out of 100） in all my classes this semester because getting good scores will help me get into a good college. Which two criteria of SMART are seriously missing in Xiao Ming’s goal statement? A．Relevant, Measurable. B．Specific, Attainable. C．Measurable, Attainable. D．Relevance, Timely. 7．According to the guide’s Where to Start, which is the most important factor to consider? A．The sense of responsibility. B．The measurement of success. C．A good knowledge of tasks. D．The right level of goals. 【答案】5．B 6．D 7．D 【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要为青少年如何设定目标提供了说明和指导。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段“This well-established tool for goal setting is highly influenced by Locke and Latham’s goal setting theory and used by almost every major company out there.(这个完善的目标设定工具深受洛克和莱瑟姆的目标设定理论的影响，几乎被所有大公司所使用。)”可知，作者推荐SMART最可能的原因是这是一个受到洛克和莱瑟姆的目标设定理论支持的工具。故选B。 6．推理判断题。小明的目标是“My goal is to raise my scores above 90 (out of 100) in all my classes this semester because getting good scores will help me get into a good college.(我的目标是本学期所有课程的成绩都要提高到90分以上（满分100分），因为取得好成绩可以帮助我进入一所好大学)”，根据表格中的“Relevant→It is consistent with your values, interests and other goals(相关→它与您的价值观，兴趣和其他目标一致)”和“Timely→Includes fair, but firm deadlines(适时→包括公平但严格的截止日期)”可知，小明的目标中缺乏与他的价值观、兴趣和其他目标一致的相关内容，并且没有目标达成的截止日期。故选D。 7．细节理解题。根据“Where to start”部分中的“2. Develop a goal statement for each bucket. To get the scale right, remember to focus on end results, rather than tasks.(2. 为每个目标制定一个目标声明。要获得正确的比例，记住关注最终结果，而不是任务。)”、“3. Goals should be high level enough to include the core outcomes for which you are responsible, but specific and clear enough so you will be able to measure success.(3. 目标应该足够高，包括你负责的核心结果，但也要足够具体和清晰，这样你才能衡量成功。)”、“4. Goals should be on-going job responsibilities and any new projects and assignments that are specific to this performance cycle.(4. 目标应该是正在进行的工作职责以及特定于此绩效周期的任何新项目和任务。)”、“5. Having too many goals can be an indicator that your goals are defined at too detailed a level and are focused more on tasks than on end results.(5. 目标太多可能表明你的目标定义得太详细，更关注任务而不是最终结果。)”和“6. If it seems that your goals are becoming too many and focus on individual tasks, it may be helpful to consider combining several goal statements into a broader outcome area.(6. 如果你的目标似乎变得太多，并且集中在单个任务上，那么考虑将几个目标声明合并到一个更广泛的结果领域可能会有所帮助。)”可知，这几条内容说明了制定目标要注意平衡，目标既要足够高，又要明确和清晰；应该是正在进行的工作职责以及特定于此绩效周期的任何新项目和任务；既不能将目标定得过于繁琐、注重具体任务，也不能过于宽泛，核心在于把握目标的“层次”或“范围”是否合适。故选D。 Passage 3 （2025高三下·江苏省常州市天宁区常州高级中学·一模）Self-confidence is trusting in our abilities or qualities. It’s usually seen as a good thing. But is it possible that we might benefit from a little less confidence in our beliefs? For many years, Dr. Mark Leary, a neuroscientist at Duke University in Durham, N.C． , has studied the role of people’s beliefs in their behavior. He found overconfidence is very common, especially when it comes to what people believe to be true, and can lead us to disastrous decisions. In 1986, NASA believed that the risk of loss for any space flight was roughly 1 in 100,000. It was an overconfident belief and might have led to the explosion of the Challenger. The good news is that there’s a “vaccine (疫苗)” for overconfidence, and that’s what scientists call “intellectual humility”— recognizing that your beliefs could be wrong. A survey of 144 college students to measure their intellectual humility found that students who saw their thinking could be wrong tended to be more curious and more likely to seek out new knowledge. They ended up knowing more at the end of the day. But does it actually help you beyond that? To find out more, Dr. Tenelle Porter at Ball State University conducted a series of studies with high school students. She found that students with intellectual humility were much more likely to test themselves to see whether they really understood the material and seek out potential holes in their understanding. When they got test scores, they’d change their study strategics to improve their performance and master the material for the next test. Students who didn’t see their knowledge could be wrong might instead just sail through their studying and wouldn’t stop to ask themselves if they truly understood what they read, heard, or did. Such students thought they got a subject down pat, but when asked to explain it on a test, they found they didn’t actually understand as much as they had thought. Although it might be good for you, researchers recognize that questioning your beliefs can be truly hard. Still, it’s important to remember that questioning beliefs isn’t always about replacing old ones with new ones. If you find it hard to question a belief, try taking “baby steps.” 8．Why does the author mention the explosion of the Challenger? A．To express his sorrow for the loss. B．To stress the high risk of space flights. C．To show the result of wrong operation. D．To give an example of overconfidence. 9．What do we know about intellectual humility according to Porter’s research? A．It urged students to gain recognition. B．It encouraged students to take exams. C．It helped students to adjust learning methods. D．It motivated students to memorize knowledge. 10．What do the underlined words “got a subject down pat” mean in paragraph 5? A．Fully mastered a subject. B．Put great effort into a subject C．Really enjoyed a subject. D．Benefited a lot from a subject. 11．What will probably be discussed in the following paragraphs? A．Why questioning our belief is hard. B．Why intellectual humility is helpful. C．How to become a confident person. D．How to practice intellectual humility. 【答案】8．D 9．C 10．A 11．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家的研究，通过具体研究案例，来说明智力谦逊如何帮助人们更好地学习和调整学习策略。 8．推理判断题。根据第二段第二至第四句“He found overconfidence is very common, especially when it comes to what people believe to be true, and can lead us to disastrous decisions. In 1986, NASA believed that the risk of loss for any space flight was roughly 1 in 100,000. It was an overconfident belief and might have led to the explosion of the Challenger. (他发现过度自信非常普遍，尤其是在人们认为某件事情正确时，这种过度自信可能会导致灾难性的决策。1986年，NASA认为每次太空飞行发生损失的风险大约是1/100,000。这种过度自信的信念可能引发了“挑战者号”的爆炸)”可知，作者先介绍了科学家发现过度自信可能导致严重后果，之后提及1986年这起灾难。由此推知，提及“挑战者号”爆炸是说明过度自信会导致灾难的一个例子。故选D项。 9．细节理解题。根据第四段第二、三句“She found that students with intellectual humility were much more likely to test themselves to see whether they really understood the material and seek out potential holes in their understanding. When they got test scores, they’d change their study strategics to improve their performance and master the material for the next test. (她发现，智力谦逊的学生更有可能去检验自己是否真正理解了学习材料，并寻找自己理解上的漏洞。当他们看到考试成绩时，他们会调整学习策略，以提高学习表现，并掌握好材料为下一次考试做准备)”可知，智力谦逊这种特质会使学生及时反思自己的学习，相应调整学习方法。故选C项。 10．词句猜测题。根据第五段第二句“Such students thought they got a subject down pat, but when asked to explain it on a test, they found they didn’t actually understand as much as they had thought. (这些学生以为自己对某个科目got down pat，但在考试中被要求解释时，他们发现自己的理解并没有自己想象的那么多)”可知，学生们在考试之前应是对自己比较自信，认为自己对该相关知识十分了解，或已经全会了，但到考场答题时，才发现自己会的不如原本所认为的那么多。由此可知，got a subject down pat应是“对某科目了解很多”或“对某科目完全掌握”之意。故选A项。 11．推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“The good news is that there’s a “vaccine (疫苗)” for overconfidence, and that’s what scientists call “intellectual humility”— recognizing that your beliefs could be wrong. (好消息是，过度自信有一种“疫苗”，科学家称之为“智力谦逊”——即认识到你的信念可能是错误的)”及全文最后一句“If you find it hard to question a belief, try taking “baby steps.” (如果你觉得很难质疑一种信念，可以尝试迈出“一小步”)”可知，最后一句中所说的“question a belief”即前文所说的“recognizing that your beliefs could be wrong”，也就是第二段最后一句引号中所言的“智力谦逊”。全文最后一句又说，“可以尝试迈出‘一小步’”。由此推知，所谓的“一小步”究竟该怎么做，会在下文进行介绍，即如何练习做到“智力谦虚”。故选D项。 主题02 人与社会——科技与伦理 Passage 1 （2026·江苏南通·一模）Ask Google’s AI video tool to create a film of a time-travelling doctor who flies around in a blue British phone booth and the result, unsurprisingly, resembles (类似) Doctor Who. And if you ask OpenAI’s technology to do the same, a similar thing happens. What’s wrong with that, you may think? The answer could be one of the biggest issues AI chiefs face as their era-defining technology becomes ever more widespread in our lives. Google and OpenAI’s generative artificial intelligence is supposed to be just that — generative, meaning it develops novel answers to our questions. But how much of that output is original? The problem is working out how much AI tools like Sora 2 and Veo 3 rely on someone else’s art to come up with their own inventions. One firm, however, claims to be able to shine a light on the issue. TraceID by Vermillio can detect the percentage to which AI-generated content is based on copyrighted materials. One of the platform’s abilities is to create neural fingerprints for brands, characters or other IP. These fingerprints act as digital identifiers that map the unique characteristics of a given piece of content. By comparing this fingerprint against AI-generated content, it can determine how much the new content overlaps (重合) with the original, offering a percentage-based match. The research showcases this process in action, using well-known films such as Doctor Who and James Bond as case studies. The findings? Sora matched up to 62% with James Bond fingerprint, Google’s Veo 3 matched 80% to Doctor Who fingerprint, implying that they have leaned heavily on copyright-protected work to produce its output. Many creative professionals demand compensation and an end to unauthorized use of their work until permissions are granted. They argue AI tools build on their work without remuneration, producing competing creations that undercut their industries. Kathleen Grace, head of Vermillio, said: “We can all win if we just take a beat and figure out a way to share and track content. This would encourage copyright holders to release more data to AI companies and would give AI companies access to more interesting sets of data. Instead of giving all the money to AI companies, there would be this amazing ecosystem.” 12．What issue is presented at the beginning of the passage? A．Generative AI reinvents film production. B．The capabilities of generative AI are expanding. C．Generative AI is becoming increasingly widespread. D．Copyrighted materials are used in AI-generated content. 13．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Who uses TraceID． B．How TraceID works. C．Why Trace ID is developed. D．Where TraceID is used. 14．What does the underline word “remuneration” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Delay. B．Pay. C．Effort. D．Warning. 15．What message does Kathleen Grace want to convey? A．Limiting data hurts scientific progress. B．Copyright holders should release more data. C．A fair data-sharing ecosystem benefits all. D．AI firms must disclose copyrighted content use. 【答案】12．D 13．B 14．B 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍生成式AI存在依赖版权素材创作的问题，以及相关检测工具的作用和行业相关方的诉求与愿景。 12．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Ask Google’s AI video tool to create a film of a time-travelling doctor who flies around in a blue British phone booth and the result, unsurprisingly, resembles (类似) Doctor Who. And if you ask OpenAI’s technology to do the same, a similar thing happens. What’s wrong with that, you may think? The answer could be one of the biggest issues AI chiefs face as their era-defining technology becomes ever more widespread in our lives.(让谷歌的人工智能视频工具创作一部关于一位乘坐蓝色英国电话亭穿梭时空的医生的电影，结果不出所料，和《神秘博士》十分相似。如果让OpenAI的技术做同样的事，也会出现类似的情况。你可能会想：这有什么问题呢？答案或许就是，随着这项定义时代的技术在我们的生活中愈发普及，人工智能行业高管们面临的一大难题)”以及第二段中“The problem is working out how much AI tools like Sora 2 and Veo 3 rely on someone else’s art to come up with their own inventions.(问题在于，像Sora 2和Veo 3这样的AI工具在进行创作时，有多依赖他人的作品)”可知，文章开头提出的问题是生成式AI在创作中使用了版权素材。故选D项。 13．主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“TraceID by Vermillio can detect the percentage to which AI-generated content is based on copyrighted materials. One of the platform’s abilities is to create neural fingerprints for brands, characters or other IP. These fingerprints act as digital identifiers that map the unique characteristics of a given piece of content. By comparing this fingerprint against AI-generated content, it can determine how much the new content overlaps (重合) with the original, offering a percentage-based match.(Vermillio公司的TraceID能够检测出AI生成内容基于版权素材的比例。该平台的一项功能是为品牌、角色或其他知识产权创建神经指纹。这些指纹作为数字标识符，记录某一特定内容的独特特征。通过将该指纹与AI生成内容进行比对，它可以确定新内容与原作的重合程度，并给出基于百分比的匹配结果)”可知，该段主要介绍了TraceID工具的工作原理，即TraceID是如何工作的。故选B项。 14．词句猜测题。根据第五段中的“Many creative professionals demand compensation and an end to unauthorized use of their work until permissions are granted. They argue AI tools build on their work without remuneration, producing competing creations that undercut their industries.(许多创意从业者要求获得赔偿，并要求在获得许可前停止未经授权使用他们的作品。他们认为，AI工具在没有remuneration的情况下以他们的作品为基础进行创作，生成具有竞争力的作品，削弱了他们所在的行业)”可知，remuneration与前文的compensation（赔偿、报酬）语义相近，结合语境，创意从业者认为AI使用他们的作品却没有给予相应报酬，由此猜测remuneration意为“报酬、付款”，与Pay含义一致。故选B项。 15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Kathleen Grace, head of Vermillio, said: “We can all win if we just take a beat and figure out a way to share and track content. This would encourage copyright holders to release more data to AI companies and would give AI companies access to more interesting sets of data. Instead of giving all the money to AI companies, there would be this amazing ecosystem.”(Vermillio公司的负责人凯瑟琳·格雷丝说：“如果我们稍作停顿，找到一种共享和追踪内容的方式，我们所有人都能共赢。这将鼓励版权所有者向AI公司开放更多数据，也能让AI公司获得更有趣的数据集。资金不会全部流入AI公司，而是会形成一个很棒的生态系统。”)”可知，凯瑟琳·格雷丝想传达的信息是公平的数据共享生态系统对所有人都有利。故选C项。 Passage 2 （2023-2024高二下·江苏省无锡市江阴市四校联考·一模）Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a fashion word in recent years, and its impact on society is growing rapidly. AI refers to the development of computer systems that can perform tasks that would typically require human intelligence, such as learning, problem-solving, and decision making. This technology is transforming every industry, from healthcare to finance, and is expected to revolutionize the future. One area where AI is making significant strides is healthcare. AI-powered tools can analyze vast amounts of medial data and help doctors make more informed diagnoses and treatment decisions. This technology is particularly useful in fields such as radiology where AI algorithms can analyze medical images to detect abnormalities that may be missed by human eyes. In finance, AI is being used to analyze vast amounts of data to identify patterns and predict market trends. This technology can help traders make more informed decisions and reduce the risks of financial losses. Similarly AI-powered chatbots are being used in customer service, helping to improve response times and provide personalized support. As the use of AI grows, concerns about job displacement have also arisen. Some fear that Al-powered machines and robots will replace human workers, leading to mass unemployment. While this is a possibility, it is also important to note that AI will create new jobs in fields such as data analysis, software development, and robotics. Another major concern about AI is the potential for bias and discrimination. AI algorithms are only as good as the data they are trained on, and if that data contains biases, the algorithms will also be biased. This issue is particularly concerning in fields such as criminal justice, where AI-powered systems are being used to make decisions about sentencing. If these algorithms are biased, they could make existing inequalities continue in the criminal justice system. Despite these concerns, the benefits of AI are numerous and undeniable. However, to ensure that these benefits are accessible to all and to address concerns about bis and discrimination, it is crucial to continue researching and developing moral AI. 16．AI outweighs humans in healthcare because it ______. A．stops financial risks. B．recognizes market tendency. C．ensures precise judgment. D．offers personalized services. 17．What is one of the major concerns of AI? A．A large number of human workers will be laid off. B．Algorithms will be out of date. C．Unfairness may arise in criminal justice system. D．New jobs will be unavailable. 18．How does the writer mainly develop this text? A．By stating facts and citing quotes. B．By presenting influences and listing examples. C．By showing different ideas and giving reasons. D．By comparing research results and offering suggestions. 19．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Artificial Intelligence: Becoming a Fashion Word B．Artificial Intelligence: Improving Human Abilities C．Artificial Intelligence: Bettering Decision Making D．Artificial Intelligence: Revolutionizing the Future 【答案】16．C 17．A 18．B 19．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了人工智能在医疗保健和金融领域的影响以及人们对人工智能的担忧。 16．细节理解题。根据第二段前两句“One area where AI is making significant strides is healthcare. AI-powered tools can analyze vast amounts of medical data and help doctors make more informed diagnoses and treatment decisions.”（人工智能正在取得重大进展的一个领域是医疗保健。人工智能驱动的工具可以分析大量的医疗数据，并帮助医生做出更知情的诊断和治疗决定。）可知，在医疗保健方面，人工智能的重要性超过了人类，因为它确保了准确的判断。故选C项。 17．细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Some fear that AI-powered machines and robots will replace human workers, leading to mass unemployment.”（一些人担心，人工智能驱动的机器和机器人将取代人类工人，导致大规模失业。）可知，人们对人工智能的主要担忧之一是大量的人类工人将被解雇。故选A项。 18．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“This technology is transforming every industry, from healthcare to finance, and is expected to revolutionize the future.”（这项技术正在改变从医疗保健到金融的每个行业，预计将彻底改变未来。）及第二段最后一句“This technology is particularly useful in fields such as radiology, where AI algorithms can analyze medical images to detect abnormalities that may be missed by human eyes.”（该技术在放射学等领域尤其有用，在这些领域，人工智能算法可以分析医学图像，以检测人眼可能错过的异常。）及第三段第一句“In finance, AI is being used to analyze vast amounts of data to identify patterns and predict market trends.”（在金融领域，人工智能正被用于分析大量数据，以识别模式和预测市场趋势。）并结合下文人工智能引发的担忧可知，文章分别论述了人工智能在医疗保健和金融行业的影响及具体应用，可推知，作者通过展示人工智能带来的影响和列举例子来展开文章的。故选B项。 19．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a fashion word in recent years, and its impact on society is growing rapidly. AI refers to the development of computer systems that can perform tasks that would typically require human intelligence, such as learning, problem-solving, and decision-making. This technology is transforming every industry, from healthcare to finance, and is expected to revolutionize the future.”（人工智能近年来已经成为一个时尚词汇，它对社会的影响正在迅速增长。人工智能是指开发计算机系统，可以执行通常需要人类智能的任务，如学习、解决问题和决策。这项技术正在改变从医疗保健到金融的每个行业，预计将彻底改变未来。）并结合后文对人工智能在医疗保健和金融行业的影响以及人们对人工智能的担忧可知，本文主要探讨的是人工智能会引起未来各行业的大变革。故D项“Artificial Intelligence: Revolutionizing the Future”（人工智能：变革未来）符合文章标题。故选D项。 Passage 3 （2025高三下·江苏省前黄中学·一模）According to an idea called the “inflationary (暴胀的) multiverse”, the universe has been constantly expanding, which would have created a countless number of other universes. Collectively, these universal islands form what scientists call a “multiverse”. However, other universes may lie beyond our scientific reach, physically and philosophically. Consequently, the methodologies by which physicists might validate (验证) the multiverse and whether such validation is even possible remain unresolved inquiries. In science, hypotheses (假说) are used to propose explanations, but from hypotheses to theories, validation of predictions is essential to see whether initial assumptions are supported or disproved. Theoretical physicist Carlo Rovelli says, “It is hard to write theories that survive the proof of reality. Few survive thanks to a basic idea: Do not trust your fancies. Keep only the ideas that can be tested.” Rovelli adds, “Today many physicists are wasting time trying to guess and jumping to conclusions. This approach has never worked before, and it is not working now. The multiverse might be one of those wild guesses.” Now, physicists are debating whether that problem moves the multiverse from physics to metaphysics (玄学), from the world of science to that of philosophy. Philosopher Richard Dawid believes scientists could support the multiverse hypotheses without actually finding physical support. “If we have a theory that seems to work, and have come up with nothing that works better, chances are our idea is right,” he says. Not everyone is so cheerful, though. Sabine Hossenfelder, another theoretical physicist, thinks “Without making contact with observation, a theory isn’t part of the natural sciences, and not physics.” Some supporters of the multiverse claim they have found physical evidence. Andrei Linde insists “Our universe seems fine-tuned to be favourable to life, with a four-dimensional space in which we can live. It is certain that in an endlessly inflating multiverse, one of the universes should turn out like ours. Each universe can have different physical laws and fundamentals. Given limitless changes, a universe on which humans can be born will be born. The multiverse actually explains why we’re here. And our existence, therefore, helps explain why the multiverse is plausible.” Just as Einstein’s theory of general relativity could only be confirmed recently with a billion-dollar instrument called LIGO, scientists may eventually discover more direct evidence of the multiverse. So far, all of science has relied on testability, but those tests take time, and most theoreticians want to wait it out. They are not ready to shelve an idea like the multiverse — which could actually be the answer to life, the universe and everything — until and unless they can prove to themselves it doesn’t exist. And that day may never come. 20．What does Carlo Rovelli think of the multiverse? A．It is a crazy idea. B．It can be tested. C．It is widely accepted. D．It comes from reality. 21．What does the underlined word “plausible” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Fascinating. B．Complex. C．Essential. D．Credible. 22．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Testing the multiverse theory is a waste of time. B．The multiverse theory will be confirmed one day. C．Einstein’s theory of relativity is the answer to life. D．The multiverse research has made a breakthrough. 23．What is the structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】20．A 21．D 22．B 23．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了多元宇宙理论的提出、争议及其可能的科学验证途径，强调其对科学与哲学的影响。 20．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Theoretical physicist Carlo Rovelli says, ‘It is hard to write theories that survive the proof of reality. Few survive thanks to a basic idea: Do not trust your fancies. Keep only the ideas that can be tested.’ Rovelli adds, ‘Today many physicists are wasting time trying to guess and jumping to conclusions. This approach has never worked before, and it is not working now. The multiverse might be one of those wild guesses.’(理论物理学家Carlo Rovelli说：‘提出能够经受住现实验证的理论是非常困难的。很少有理论能够幸存下来，这得益于一个基本的理念：不要相信你的幻想。只保留可以被检验的想法。’Rovelli补充道：‘如今，许多物理学家都在浪费时间试图猜测并急于下结论。这种方法以前从未奏效，现在也行不通。多元宇宙可能是那些疯狂的猜测之一’)”可知，理论物理学家Carlo Rovelli认为“多元宇宙”是一个难以通过现实验证的理论，很多物理学家都在浪费时间猜测并急于下结论，而多元宇宙可能就是这些疯狂猜测中的一个。因此，他认为多元宇宙是一个疯狂的想法。故选A。   21．词句猜测题。根据第四段中Andrei Linde的观点“It is certain that in an endlessly inflating multiverse, one of the universes should turn out like ours. Each universe can have different physical laws and fundamentals. Given limitless changes, a universe on which humans can be born will be born. The multiverse actually explains why we’re here. And our existence, therefore, helps explain why the multiverse is plausible.(在一个无限膨胀的多元宇宙中，可以肯定的是，其中一个宇宙应该会与我们的宇宙相似。每个宇宙都可以拥有不同的物理定律和基本法则。在无限变化中，一个能够诞生人类的宇宙终将诞生。多元宇宙实际上解释了为什么我们会在这里。因此，我们的存在反过来也有助于解释为什么多元宇宙论是plausible)”可知，多元宇宙的支持者认为多元宇宙实际上解释了为什么我们在这里，而我们的存在也帮助解释了为什么多元宇宙是合理的，“plausible”应表示“可信的、合理的”，与D选项“credible(可信的)”意思相近。故选D。 22．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Just as Einstein’s theory of general relativity could only be confirmed recently with a billion-dollar instrument called LIGO, scientists may eventually discover more direct evidence of the multiverse. So far, all of science has relied on testability, but those tests take time, and most theoreticians want to wait it out. They are not ready to shelve an idea like the multiverse — which could actually be the answer to life, the universe and everything — until and unless they can prove to themselves it doesn’t exist. And that day may never come.(正如爱因斯坦的广义相对论直到最近才通过名为LIGO的耗资数十亿美元的仪器得到证实一样，科学家们最终也可能会发现多元宇宙更为直接的证据。迄今为止，所有科学都依赖于可验证性，但这些验证需要时间，而大多数理论家都愿意等待。他们不会轻易放弃像多元宇宙这样的想法——这实际上可能是生命、宇宙以及万物的答案——除非他们自己能够证明它不存在。而那一天可能永远不会到来)”可推知，作者认为多元宇宙理论总有一天会得到证实。故选B。 23．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章第一段介绍了多元宇宙理论；第二段介绍了一些物理学家对多元宇宙理论的看法，认为它可能是一个疯狂的猜测；第三段介绍了哲学家和科学家对多元宇宙理论的不同看法；第四段介绍了一些多元宇宙理论的支持者及其观点；最后一段作者认为多元宇宙理论总有一天会得到证实。由此可知，文章是按照“提出观点——正反论证——得出结论”的结构来展开的，即“总—分—总”的结构。结合选项，D项符合文章结构。故选D。 主题03 人与社会——环境与生态 Passage 1 （2025·江苏南通·一模）When I challenged myself to travel by low-carbon routes during the writing of my book, I experienced the best and worst of our transit network. When public transport works, it really works. I found traveling by train and bike empowering. But even in this time of climate emergency, public transport still remains an unpopular choice. It doesn’t take many strikes, cancellations, missed connections and rising ticket prices to avoid it altogether. When the average British person already spends around £ 3,500 a year on car costs, it’s no wonder we prefer the driver’s seat. Yet, there are many reasons we should be using public transport more, with one being the bonus to the environment they bring. Recent research shows that UK trains have higher carbon savings than previously thought. For my Scottish journey, had I traveled a similar route from London to Edinburgh by car, my journey’s emissions would supposedly have increased 10-fold. E-bike rental schemes have also increased across the UK, and so has cycling in general, but this mode of transport isn’t always planned for. All over the country, dedicated (专用的) bike lanes are way too rare. All of this has revealed to me that while the UK’s transport infrastructure (基础设施) is poor, its potential is significant. We know how effective electrified rail routes can be in decarbonization, but in 2021-22 little more than a mile of such track was upgraded across Britain. Centrally funded investment could change things. The rest of Europe seems to recognize this. If I were in Austria, I could travel across Vienna by public transport for €l a day. In Germany, I could organize a monthly €49 direct debit for all-inclusive regional public transport. Closer to home, Brighton and Hove have the most popular bus network outside London. We must demand a nationalized low-carbon network, A standardized, centrally funded consistently supported ecosystem of public transport across the UK could truly change our carbon game. 24．What does the underlined word “empowering” in paragraph 1 most probably mean? A．Sparking debate. B．Causing confusion. C．Giving strength or confidence. D．Leading to complaints and protests. 25．What is the problem with implementing e-bike rental schemes? A．High rental fees. B．Potential safety problems. C．Lack of public interest. D．Insufficient infrastructure 26．Why does the author mention Austria and Germany? A．To compare the costs of public transport. B．To predict the challenges of UK’s public transport. C．To contrast with the state of UK’s public transportation. D．To illustrate the popularity of public transport in Europe 27．What can be the best title for the passage? A．Transforming carbon game: The Eco-Boost on Rails. B．Revolutionizing UK Transport: The Green Ride Ahead. C．Empowering Global travelling: A Long March on Land. D．Revolutionizing UK City Life: The Tech Leap on Tracks. 【答案】24．C 25．D 26．C 27．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了英国公共交通的现状、问题以及改进的可能性，并呼吁建立国家化的低碳公共交通网络。 24．词句猜测题。根据上文“When I challenged myself to travel by low-carbon routes during the writing of my book, I experienced the best and worst of our transit network. When public transport works, it really works. (在写书期间，我给自己设定了一个挑战，即通过低碳出行方式旅行，这让我亲身体验了我们交通网络的优与劣。当公共交通运行顺畅时，它的表现真的非常出色。)”可知，作者写书时挑战自己使用低碳出行方式，因此可推测作者认为乘坐火车和自行车旅行是积极正面的经历，划线的“empowering”应表示“给予力量或信心”。故选C。 25．细节理解题。根据第四段“All over the country, dedicated (专用的) bike lanes are way too rare. (在全国各地，专用的自行车道太少了。)”可知，实施电动自行车租赁计划存在的问题是基础设施不足。故选D。 26．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The rest of Europe seems to recognize this. If I were in Austria, I could travel across Vienna by public transport for €1 a day. In Germany, I could organize a monthly €49 direct debit for all-inclusive regional public transport. Closer to home, Brighton and Hove have the most popular bus network outside London. (欧洲其他国家似乎都认识到了这一点。如果我在奥地利，我可以每天花1欧元乘公共交通穿越维也纳。在德国，我可以每月安排49欧元的直接借记，用于全包的区域公共交通。离家更近的地方，布赖顿和霍夫拥有伦敦以外最受欢迎的公交网络。)”可知，作者提到奥地利和德国是为了与英国公共交通的状况形成对比。故选C。 27．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讨论了英国公共交通的现状、问题以及改进的可能性，并呼吁建立国家化的低碳公共交通网络，由此可知，B项“英国交通革命：前方的绿色之旅。”最符合文章主旨。故选B。 Passage 2 （2025·江苏省泰州市海陵区江苏省泰州中学·一模）Indoor food growing operations are seeing both successes and failures in the United States. Some companies in the food industry are investing (投资) even as competitors fail. California-based Plenty Unlimited this summer began working on $300 million indoor plants, while Kroger announced that it would be increasing its availability of vertically (垂直地) farmed produce. Meanwhile, two indoor farming companies that got strong backing—New Jersey’s AeroFarms and Kentucky’s AppHarvest—filed for financial failure and reorganization. And a five-year-old company in Detroit, Planted Detroit, shut its doors this summer. The industry changes do not worry Jacob Portillo, a grower with Eden Green Technology, an indoor farming company. “The fact that other people are failing and other people are succeeding is going to happen in any industry you go to,” he said. Indoor farming refers to growing crops indoors, which experts sometimes call “controlled environment agriculture”. There are different methods. One method called vertical farming involves putting produce from floor to ceiling, often under artificial lights and with the plants growing in nutrient-enriched water. Other growers are trying very large greenhouses, indoor beds of soil in big buildings and using special robots for parts of the farming process. Supporters say growing indoors uses less water and land and permits food to be grown closer to consumers, saving on transport. Indoor growing is also a way to protect crops from increasingly extreme weather caused by climate change. But critics question the sustainability (可持续性) of operations that can require a lot of energy for artificial lights. And they say paying for that light can make profitability impossible. Curt Covington of AgAmerica Lending, a private investment company centered on agriculture, is not convinced that indoor farming operations can work—except in special cases. Given the high cost of indoor operations, Covington said, “It’s just hard to be very profitable.” 28．What is Jacob Portillo’s attitude to the indoor food growing industry? A．Positive. B．Worried. C．Unclear. D．Doubtful. 29．What can we learn about indoor farming? A．It takes a lot of manpower to take care of plants. B．It means growing plants in water instead of soil. C．It protects crops from increasingly extreme weather. D．It is different from controlled environment agriculture. 30．Why did Curt Covington question indoor farming operations? A．They produce little food. B．They carry great cost. C．They need sunlight. D．They lack investors. 31．What is the best title for the text? A．What Types of Food Can Be Grown Indoors? B．How Can You Grow Food Indoors Without Soil? C．Indoor Farming Companies Take Agriculture Indoors D．Indoor Food Growing Operations Face an Uncertain Future 【答案】28．A 29．C 30．B 31．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。在美国，室内食品种植有成功也有失败。食品行业的一些公司在竞争对手失败的情况下仍在投资。文章主要说明了室内食品种植的现状以及人们对室内种植的看法，和室内种植不确定的前景。 28．推理判断题。根据第三段“The industry changes do not worry Jacob Portillo, a grower with Eden Green Technology, an indoor farming company. “The fact that other people are failing and other people are succeeding is going to happen in any industry you go to,” he said. ( Jacob Portillo是伊甸园绿色科技公司的一名种植者，该公司是一家室内农业公司。他说：“别人失败，别人成功的情况在任何行业都会发生。”)”可推断，Jacob Portillo对室内食物种植业持“肯定”的态度。故选A。 29．细节理解题。根据第五段“Indoor growing is also a way to protect crops from increasingly extreme weather caused by climate change. (室内种植也是一种保护作物免受气候变化引起的日益极端天气影响的方法)”可知，室内农业保护作物免受日益极端的天气影响。故选C。 30．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Given the high cost of indoor operations, Covington said, “It’s just hard to be very profitable.” (考虑到室内运营的高成本，Covington说，“很难盈利。”)”可知，Covington质疑室内农业的运营是因为其成本太高。故选B。 31．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Indoor food growing operations are seeing both successes and failures in the United States. Some companies in the food industry are investing (投资) even as competitors fail. (在美国，室内食品种植有成功也有失败。食品行业的一些公司在竞争对手失败的情况下仍在投资)”结合文章主要说明了室内食品种植的现状以及人们对室内种植的看法，和室内种植不确定的前景。故D选项“室内食品种植面临不确定的未来”最符合文章标题。故选D。 Passage 3 （2025·江苏省泰州市海陵区江苏省泰州中学·一模）While temperatures continue to climb, visitors are still coming to see Death Valley National Park on the California-Nevada border. The park is known as the hottest place on Earth. This past weekend, the temperatures climbed to 53.33℃. Most visitors at this time of year make it only a short distance to any area in the park before returning to the cool air in their vehicles. Early information from the park service shows that across the nation’s 424 national parks, at least four people have died this year from heat-related causes. That includes a 65-year-old man from San Diego who was found dead at Death Valley earlier this month. Death Valley National Park suggests visitors be careful and not have expectations of rescue. While park rangers (护林员) drive on park roads and can aid tourists in need, it is unsure that lost visitors will get help in time. Physical activity can make the heat feel even worse and leave people exhausted. Alessia Dempster, who was visiting from Edinburgh, Scotland, said, “It’s very hot especially when there’s a gentle wind. You would think maybe that would give you some slight relief from the heat, but it just really does feel like an air blow dryer just going back in your face.” Death Valley is a narrow area that is below sea level and surrounded by high mountains, the park service’s website says. The dry air and small plant coverage let sunlight heat up the park surface. The heat then becomes trapped in the valley. Still, several areas in Death Valley continue to draw tourists. Badwater Basin, made up of salt flats, is considered the lowest point in all of North America. The 183-meter Ubehebe Crater dates back over 2,000 years. And Zabriskie Point is a great sunrise viewing spot. Josh Miller, a visitor from Indianapolis who has been to 20 national parks so far, shared that feeling. “It’s hot, but the scenery is awesome,” he said. 32．What do most visitors do in Death Valley? A．Cool themselves in time. B．Do lots of physical exercises. C．Stay away from park rangers. D．Carry dryers with themselves. 33．Why does the author mention the 65-year-old man in paragraph 2? A．To encourage the elderly to travel more. B．To express admiration for mountain climbers. C．To advise people to tour Death Valley more often. D．To show the danger of traveling in Death Valley. 34．What does paragraph 5 mainly tell us about Death Valley? A．Its covering area. B．Its attractive spots. C．The reason why it is so hot. D．The service of its park’s website. 35．What can be inferred about Death Valley from the last two paragraphs? A．It has a short history. B．It is worth visiting. C．It draws fewer and fewer tourists. D．It is unsuitable for viewing sunrise. 【答案】32．A 33．D 34．C 35．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国的“死亡谷”，这里的气温非常高，但还是吸引了很多人前来参观。 32．细节理解题，根据第一段“The park is known as the hottest place on Earth. This past weekend, the temperatures climbed to 53.33℃. Most visitors at this time of year make it only a short distance to any area in the park before returning to the cool air in their vehicles. (这个公园被认为是地球上最热的地方。上周末，气温攀升至53.33℃。在每年的这个时候，大多数游客只会到公园的任何一个地方很短的距离，然后就会回到他们的车里享受凉爽的空气)”可知，游玩死亡谷国家公园时，大部分游客都会及时给自己降温。故选A。 33．推理判断题。根据第二段“Early information from the park service shows that across the nation’s 424 national parks, at least four people have died this year from heat-related causes. That includes a 65-year-old man from San Diego who was found dead at Death Valley earlier this month. (来自公园管理局的早期信息显示，在全国424个国家公园中，今年至少有4人死于与高温有关的原因。其中包括一名来自圣地亚哥的65岁男子，本月早些时候，他被发现死于死亡谷)”可推知，作者提及这位65岁的老人是为了说明在死亡谷国家公园游玩的危险之处，故选D。 34．主旨大意题。根据第五段“Death Valley is a narrow area that is below sea level and surrounded by high mountains, the park service’s website says. The dry air and small plant coverage let sunlight heat up the park surface. The heat then becomes trapped in the valley. (公园管理局的网站上说，死亡谷是一个低于海平面的狭窄地区，周围环绕着高山。干燥的空气和小的植物覆盖让阳光加热了公园的表面。然后热量被困在山谷里)”可知，故本段主要讲的是死亡谷如此炽热的原因。故选C。 35．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Still, several areas in Death Valley continue to draw tourists. Badwater Basin, made up of salt flats, is considered the lowest point in all of North America. The 183-meter Ubehebe Crater dates back over 2,000 years. And Zabriskie Point is a great sunrise viewing spot. (尽管如此，死亡谷的几个地区仍然吸引着游客。由盐滩组成的巴德沃特盆地被认为是整个北美的最低点。183米高的乌贝赫比陨石坑可以追溯到2000多年前。扎布里斯基角是观赏日出的好地方)”以及最后一段“Josh Miller, a visitor from Indianapolis who has been to 20 national parks so far, shared that feeling. “It’s hot, but the scenery is awesome,” he said. (来自印第安纳波利斯的游客Josh Miller也有这种感觉，他到目前为止已经去过20个国家公园了。“天气很热，但风景很棒，”他说)”可推断，Death Valley是一个值得游玩的地方。故选B。 主题04 人与自我——心态与成长 Passage 1 （2025·江苏·一模）When planning my wedding, I was determined not to get caught up in the “perfect day”, but to have a relaxed, informal celebration. My husband and I ended up having a lovely time. “Pursuit of perfection is a prison,” says Moya Sarner, an NHS psychotherapist. Many of us are driven by the unconscious (下意识的) wish that if we could just have the perfect body, the perfect job and the perfect family, then we would be happy. For that reason, it can be one of the most significant barriers to happiness in life. The psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott wrote about the importance of the “good enough mother” who meets her baby’s needs timely, but is not perfect. He said perfect is harmful. To meet every desire immediately, to pass the toy straight away whenever it is demanded slows down a baby’s growth, robbing them of the opportunity to feel frustrated (沮丧的) and learn to crawl to get the toy for themselves. Winnicott believed that while perfection is not a virtue, tolerance of imperfection is. If we cannot develop the capacity to tolerate imperfection in ourselves and in those around us, we can have no self-confidence, no sustainable relationships and no fulfilling career. If we’re always trying to build something called a perfect life, we aren’t really living the one we’re in. How do I know all this? I am a perfectionist in recovery. I’ve started to recognize my intolerance of imperfection — my need for certain things to be exactly as I would like them to be, from the way my husband chops his onions to my terror of being late — and it has made a huge difference to my relationship and my parenting. How can you be a good partner if you expect everyone else to fit your own narrow expectations? How can your child grow if they sense that they always need to color precisely inside the lines you’ve drawn out for them? We need to go further than tolerating imperfections. We need to learn to appreciate their humanity and beauty. Imperfections are why people will pay a calligrapher to handwrite invitations when a computer can produce a flawless (完美的) version of the same script for less money and in less time. So for a more delicious life, and ultimately a better one, I choose imperfectionism. 36．How does the author introduce the topic? A．By presenting a successful ceremony. B．By showing her firm determination. C．By describing her personal experience. D．By introducing her perfect marriage. 37．What can we learn from the example of the “good enough mother”? A．Raising a child brings a mother much joy. B．Pursuing perfection is the duty of mothers. C．Meeting babies’ demands is very challenging. D．Responding instantly impacts babies’ growth. 38．What is the function of the two questions at the end of Paragraph 5? A．To shift topics. B．To make assumptions. C．To arouse interest. D．To encourage thinking. 39．Which of the following might the author approve of? A．A miss is as good as a mile. B．Haste makes waste. C．Close enough is good enough. D．Practice makes perfect. 【答案】36．C 37．D 38．D 39．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了追求完美可能成为生活中幸福的重大阻碍，强调接受不完美的重要性，鼓励人们学会欣赏不完美之处，拥抱一种不完美主义的生活态度。 36．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“When planning my wedding, I was determined not to get caught up in the “perfect day”, but to have a relaxed, informal celebration. My husband and I ended up having a lovely time.(在计划我的婚礼时，我决定不要陷入“完美的一天”，而是要有一个轻松，非正式的庆祝活动。我丈夫和我度过了一段美好的时光。)”可知，作者通过讲述自己筹备婚礼时摒弃追求完美、选择轻松庆祝的个人经历来引出文章关于追求完美的话题，所以作者是通过描述个人经历来引入话题的。故选C。 37．推理判断题。根据第三段中“He said perfect is harmful. To meet every desire immediately, to pass the toy straight away whenever it is demanded slows down a baby’s growth, robbing them of the opportunity to feel frustrated (沮丧的) and learn to crawl to get the toy for themselves.(他说完美是有害的。立刻满足每一个需求，在孩子一要玩具的时候就马上把玩具递过去，这会减缓婴儿的成长，剥夺了他们感到沮丧以及学会自己爬过去拿玩具的机会)”可知，从“足够好的母亲”的例子中可以推断出，母亲立刻回应婴儿的需求（即追求完美回应）会影响婴儿的成长，让他们失去自我探索和成长的机会。故选D。 38．推理判断题。文章第五段结尾的两个问题“How can you be a good partner if you expect everyone else to fit your own narrow expectations? How can your child grow if they sense that they always need to color precisely inside the lines you’ve drawn out for them?(如果你期望每个人都能满足你狭隘的期望，你怎么能成为一个好的伴侣呢？如果你的孩子觉得他们总是需要在你为他们画的线条内精确地涂上颜色，他们怎么能成长呢？)”是在前面讲述了自己作为完美主义者认识到自己对不完美的不容忍以及这种态度对人际关系和育儿的影响之后提出的。这两个问题是为了让读者思考，如果总是期望别人符合自己狭隘的期望，就无法成为好伴侣，孩子也无法真正成长，鼓励读者进行思考。故选D。 39．推理判断题。根据最后一段“We need to go further than tolerating imperfections. We need to learn to appreciate their humanity and beauty. Imperfections are why people will pay a calligrapher to handwrite invitations when a computer can produce a flawless (完美的) version of the same script for less money and in less time. So for a more delicious life, and ultimately a better one, I choose imperfectionism.(我们需要做的不仅仅是容忍不完美。我们需要学会欣赏他们的人性和美。不完美是人们愿意花钱请书法家手写邀请函的原因，而电脑可以用更少的钱和更短的时间制作出同样的脚本的完美版本。因此，为了更美好的生活，最终更好的生活，我选择了不完美主义)”可推知，作者会同意的是“差不多就行（了）”，认为达到一定程度、接近预期标准就可以接受，不完美也行。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高三上·江苏镇江·一模）Are you happy? What does occur to me is that there is more to life than simply the pursuit of happiness. Imagine that scientists have invented a machine that can be hooked (钩) up to your brain so that it can give you every pleasurable experience you could ever want. These scientists have designed it so that you can’t distinguish between those pleasurable feelings you have yourself and those that come from the machine, making you blessedly unaware you are actually floating in a tank, with electrodes (电极) in your brain. So, offered the chance to be hooked up to the machine for the rest of your life, would you choose the machine or real life? The vast majority of people would choose real life, despite some discomfort, sorrow, and upset. This thought-experiment aimed to show that there is something other than pure pleasure that gives our lives meaning. As humans, we need contrast in our emotions - the dark to make the light much brighter for us. Was Michelangelo happy when he was painting the Sistine Chapel? No one really knows, but he was probably quite frustrated and angry at times as well as bored, lonely and tired. He might have neck pain for most of it from looking up to paint for hours. But he didn’t do it to feel happy. It gave him a strong sense of purpose, meaning and accomplishment. Surely this is what is at the heart of what drives us. What’s also interesting is that it’s hard to say whether we really are happy or not. A psychiatry professor said that happiness is often experienced in retrospect — we look back on a time of our lives, an event or a moment and recall it with happiness. When we say we were happy in a relationship, for example, what we often mean is that recalling that relationship gives us happiness now. 40．What is the function of the machine mentioned in paragraph 2? A．Creating desired pleasure. B．Boosting your brain power. C．Detecting the surroundings. D．Helping you identify feelings. 41．Why does the author mention Michelangelo and his creation? A．To prove the impact of creativity. B．To recognize his contribution to art. C．To inspire other artists to work harder. D．To show the importance of emotional contrast. 42．What does the underlined word “retrospect” in paragraph 5 mean? A．A review. B．A procedure. C．A condition. D．A scene. 43．What does the author intend to convey in the passage? A．Life highlights hope. B．Life goes beyond happiness. C．Life calls for rapid action. D．Life reflects your thoughts. 【答案】40．A 41．D 42．A 43．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章谈论了生活中除了追求幸福，还有其他东西。 40．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Imagine that scientists have invented a machine that can be hooked (钩) up to your brain so that it can give you every pleasurable experience you could ever want. These scientists have designed it so that you can’t distinguish between those pleasurable feelings you have yourself and those that come from the machine, making you blessedly unaware you are actually floating in a tank, with electrodes (电极) in your brain. (想象一下，科学家发明了一种机器，可以连接到你的大脑，这样它就可以给你任何你想要的愉快体验。这些科学家已经设计好了，这样你就无法区分你自己的愉悦感觉和那些来自机器的愉悦感觉，让你没有意识到你实际上是漂浮在一个装有电极的水箱里。)”可知，本段提到的机器的功能是创造想要的快乐。故选A项。 41．推理判断题。根据第三段“This thought-experiment aimed to show that there is something other than pure pleasure that gives our lives meaning. As humans, we need contrast in our emotions - the dark to make the light much brighter for us. (这个思想实验旨在表明，除了纯粹的快乐之外，还有其他东西赋予我们生活的意义。作为人类，我们需要情感上的对比——黑暗让光明对我们更亮。)”和第四段中“Was Michelangelo happy when he was painting the Sistine Chapel? No one really knows, but he was probably quite frustrated and angry at times as well as bored, lonely and tired. He might have neck pain for most of it from looking up to paint for hours. But he didn’t do it to feel happy. It gave him a strong sense of purpose, meaning and accomplishment. Surely this is what is at the heart of what drives us. (米开朗基罗在画西斯廷教堂时开心吗？没有人真正知道，但他可能有时很沮丧并生气，也很无聊、孤独和疲惫。他可能因为长时间抬头画画而脖子疼。但他这么做并不是为了感到快乐。这给了他强烈的目标感、意义感和成就感。当然，这就是驱动我们前进的核心动力。)”可知，作者先说明作为人类，我们需要情感上的对比——黑暗让光明对我们更亮，然后提到米开朗基罗和他的创作，是为了显示情感对比的重要性。故选D项。 42．词句猜测题。根据划线词句前文“A psychiatry professor said that happiness is often experienced in (一位精神病学教授说，幸福往往是在……中体验到的)”和后句“we look back on a time of our lives, an event or a moment and recall it with happiness (我们回顾生活中的一段时间、一件事或一个时刻，并带着幸福回忆起来。)”可知幸福是从回顾中体验到的，从而推知划线部分retrospect意思是“回顾”。故选A项。 43．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Are you happy? What does occur to me is that there is more to life than simply the pursuit of happiness. (你幸福吗？我真正想到的是，生活不仅仅是追求幸福。)”可知，作者想在文章中表达的是生活不仅仅是幸福。故选B项。 Passage 3 （2021·江苏镇江·一模）When we are kids, we are constantly being compared to others. Our parents may compare us to our siblings (兄弟姐妹). Our teachers probably compared us to other students. Kids compared us to other kids. Those comparisons created either a sense of humiliation or a sense of pride. Either way, it has become second-nature. Everything we’d done has been followed by looking around and seeking validation (确认感). Midway through my psychology PhD program at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, I felt that I lacked whatever magical ability is required to finish and publish a project. It seemed as though other graduate students were authoring several papers in the time it took me to complete a single experiment. I worked as hard as I could, but my progress seemed to be incremental (渐进式增加的) compared with theirs. When I shared these concerns with my adviser, she had a different take on the situation. “You’re not doing anything wrong,” she assured me, “you’re just pursuing a different kind of research.” Comparing yourself to others is not necessarily a bad thing. When you catch yourself comparing yourself to others, get curious about the feeling that is being triggered (引起). Is it jealousy? Is it obsession? Is it admiration? Is it love? Is it inspiration? Your triggered feelings will give you a clue as to what is going on within you. Most likely, you are jealous because you wish you had what it takes to achieve what the other has achieved or to have what they have. Get curious and figure out why you still don’t have it and what would it take to get there. It is never a good idea to make yourself wrong for comparing yourself to others or to make yourself wrong for not getting where you wish to be. But if all this comparison mounts to is bitter jealousy, then your problem is bigger than a simple comparison. Always bear in mind that your only competition is the one in the mirror and—believe me—it is the toughest competition of all. 44．Which of the following words has the closest meaning to the underlined word “humiliation” in Paragraph 45? A．Virtue. B．Shame. C．Excitement. D．Tiredness. 45．What can be concluded from the adviser’s words in Paragraph 46? A．The author made great progress. B．The author worried unnecessarily. C．The author had magical power. D．The author did something wrong. 46．What will uncover your inner thoughts when you compare yourself with others according to the passage? A．Progress made with great effort. B．Clues found through research. C．Comparisons triggered by curiosity. D．Emotions activated by comparisons. 47．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．How to view comparisons in a reasonable way. B．How to seek validation when compared with others. C．How to show second-nature in comparison with others. D．How to get rid of feelings caused by comparisons. 【答案】44．B 45．B 46．D 47．A 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。作者论述如何合理看待与他人的比较。把自己与他人相对比，在恰当的情形下会激发动力。但在很多时候，比较会引发更多负面情绪。而且，活在比较之中可能是很多人成长中的背景色。 44．词句猜测题。根据第二段第一句“Those comparisons created either a sense of humiliation or a sense of pride.”中的either…or…“或者……或者……”和or后面的a sense of pride“自豪感”可知，either后面的内容应该与pride相反。由此推知，划线词的意思是“羞愧，耻辱”。故选B。 45．推理判断题。根据第三段中When I shared these concerns with my adviser, she had a different take on the situation. “You’re not doing anything wrong,” she assured me, “you’re just pursuing a different kind of research.” （当我把这些担忧告诉我的导师时，她对这种情况有了不同的看法。“你没有做错什么，”她向我保证，“你只是在进行一种不同的研究。”）从第46段导师的话中可知，作者的担忧是多余的。故选B。 46．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Most likely, you are jealous because you wish you had what it takes to achieve what the other has achieved or to have what they have. Get curious and figure out why you still don’t have it and what would it take to get there. It is never a good idea to make yourself wrong for comparing yourself to others or to make yourself wrong for not getting where you wish to be. ”（很有可能，你嫉妒是因为你希望你拥有别人所取得的成就或他们所拥有的东西。保持好奇心，弄清楚为什么你还没有得到它，怎样才能得到它。因为和别人比较而让自己犯错，或者因为没有达到自己的目标而犯错，这从来都不是一个好主意。）由此可知，根据文章，当你将自己与他人比较时，你内心的想法会是“被比较激活的情绪。”故选D。 47．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“But if all this comparison mounts to is bitter jealousy, then your problem is bigger than a simple comparison. Always bear in mind that your only competition is the one in the mirror and—believe me—it is the toughest competition of all.”（但如果所有这些比较都变成了苦涩的嫉妒，那么你的问题就不仅仅是简单的比较了。永远记住，你唯一的竞争是镜子里的那个，相信我，这是所有竞争中最激烈的。）由此可知，这篇文章主要讲了“如何合理看待比较。”故选A。 主题05 人与社会——科技伦理与社会影响 Passage 1 （2022·江苏·一模）Star Wars fans would be familiar with the good relationship between humans and droids (机器人) in the movies. In the movie Solo: A Star Wars Story, Lando Calrissian risked his life to rescue his co-pilot, a female droid L3-37. In real life, a humanoid robot, Sophia, has recently been granted (给予) citizenship in Saudi Arabia. Increasingly, people are ready to see robots as resembling humans. Given this phenomenon, I believ it is necessary to consider giving robots certain rights humans enjoy. Experts have argued that since robots have now acquired human-like qualities, it is appropriate to consider if they should have rights just as humans. Sophia has a human like face and utilizes artificial intelligence to respond to speech and express emotions. For such a lifelike being that is potentially capable of expressing emotions, does it not deserve the right to be loved and respected? Robots should also be given legal and moral protection as harming a robot may be similar to harming humans. Since people tend to form attachments to social robots, it becomes possible for companies to control the hardware and software to exploit this emotional attachment. There is a danger that data that is stored in the robot could be uploaded to the cloud. There would then possibly be situations in which the government or private sector retrieves (检索数据) the inf$