专题02 阅读理解（记叙文）（江苏专用）2026年高考英语一模分类汇编

专题02 阅读理解（记叙文） 主题01 人与自我 —— 个人成长 Passage 1 （2025·江苏无锡·一模）Suzanne Heywood was just seven years old when her parents told her she, along with her younger brother Jonathan, would be pulled out of school to go on a three-year voyage around the world. The family of four from the UK set out on their exploration to recreate Captain Cook’s voyage around the globe, which ended up taking a decade instead of the promised three years. Now 55 years old, Suzanne has shared her tale of survival on TikTok, and recalled her 10 years at sea in her tell-all memoir (回忆录) Wave Walker. “I spent that time trapped on a boat, unable to go to school or have normal friendships.” Despite her father assuring her the trip would be safe, Suzanne claimed it was “incredibly dangerous but great as well”, sharing details of a risky journey from South Africa to Australia where the boat hit an enormous storm. In order to get through her very strange childhood, Suzanne recalled how she was determined to get an education to live a normal life. “As it became clear my parents had no intention of going back, I decided I had to educate myself as it was the only lifeline that I had,” she told the hosts of The Morning Show. She began studying in the small cabin of the boat, which she found challenging both practically and academically, as she “had missed a lot of education”. Then, when she was 16, and her brother 15, her parents enrolled (注册) the two teenagers into a school in New Zealand while they continued sailing. Despite the gaps in her education, Suzanne landed a spot at Oxford University, and after saving up money she’ d earned working on a farm, Suzanne bought a one-way plane ticket back to the UK. Since going public with her story, Suzanne’s book instantly became a bestseller, and she continues to work through the trauma (创伤) caused by her “unstable” childhood. Suzanne’s extraordinary tale has captured the hearts of millions, with thousands of online fans applauding her for her bravery. 1．Why did Suzanne’s family set out their voyage? A．To meet the challenges of their life. B．To realize the dream of family traveling. C．To admire the beauty of great oceans. D．To follow in the footsteps of a great explorer. 2．What did education mean to Suzanne during the voyage? A．An approach to pleasing her parents. B．A tool for killing time on the vast sea. C．A means of struggling for a better future. D．A support of her admission into Oxford University. 3．What message does Suzanne’s experience convey? A．A strong will can free a person from family support. B．A lack of education can affect a person’s intelligence. C．A unique life can equip a person with special qualities. D．A crazy upbringing always leads to greater achievements. 4．What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text? A．To analyze the impact of family decisions and give warnings. B．To record Suzanne’s remarkable life journey and inspire others. C．To evaluate Suzanne’s educational achievements and praise her. D．To promote Suzanne’s memoir Wave Walker and excite readers. Passage 2 （2025·江苏·一模）“WHAT KIND OF BIRD is this?” the text from my wildlife protector friend had asked. I had to look closely at the photo. It was an owl (猫头鹰), found dragged and dropped on someone’s backyard. I figured that she was about two weeks from being old enough to fly. Cleaned and warmed, the tiny owl survived. Together we planned a “soft release”. “The idea was that as she gained the ability to fly, we would let the young owl wander off rather naturally, on her own schedule, into the very suitable woodland behind our home.” Her care came to us for what we thought would be a few weeks at most. We called her Alfie. But the recovery took longer than expected. When she should have been able to fly, Alfie could only walk on the ground. Winter was in the air, making easy food much less available, and she had never learned to hunt. I would not risk letting her loose and having her starve. When summer was again at its fullest, I left the door open. Alfie disappeared one day. A week later, my wife texted me: “Guess who’s back. After that, Alfie centered her territory around our backyard, and before long, we started seeing another owl. Alfie became the owl she was born to be when she left our protection for the risks and rewards of free agency. She and her mate raised three baby birds that first year, building new links in the great chain that has gone unbroken for millions of owl generations. Alfie lives in relationship, and our surprising capacity to relate to one another expanded my perspective on her life and mine. Birds and humans have not had a common ancestor for more than 300 million years, yet Alfie always enjoyed a little head scratch that we enjoyed giving. Our nervous systems still relate, allowing us to share such pleasures. People for thousands of years lived in relationship with nature and with their communities. If there is one lesson from Alfie, it is that to live in relationship is how we might heal. 5．According to the article, which is TRUE when Alfie the owl was initially found? A．It was found from a photo in a magazine. B．It was found by the author’s fellow staff. C．It was found in the author’s backyard. D．It was tiny and in poor condition. 6．What is their attitude toward the release of Alfie? A．Alfie should be released softly in summer. B．They want to release Alfie when she is ready C．They want to adopt Alfie when she is old enough. D．They want Alfie to wander when food is sufficient. 7．Which of the following is TRUE according to paragraph 3 and 4? A．Alfie contributed to the ongoing chain of owl generations. B．Alfie was struggling in winter during the recovery. C．Alfie was rewarded by a free agency after it disappeared. D．Alfie went back to establish her territory to thank the author. 8．What is the author’s purpose in writing this article? A．To teach readers how to find and help injured animals. B．To remind readers to protect and value the beauty of nature. C．To remind readers to rethink our relationship with wildlife and the environment. D．To encourage readers to strengthen their bond with birds. 主题02 人与社会 —— 社会创新 Passage 1 （2025·江苏·一模）A line of people are disappearing, one by one, into a hedgerow (灌木树篱) on a hillside near Aylesbury, England. Hidden inside the thick hedgerow, under the spreading branches of a tree, is a spacious hole, with the shower head fixed to the tree’s trunk. As the benefits of spending time in green spaces are well-documented, people like Tony Langford see a beneficial opportunity. Thus he created this “hedge shower”, so campers on his farm can enjoy hot showers while being lost in nature. Today he’s showing a group of 15 local farmers how this is taking shape there, from community festivals to “nature bathing” walks. Eddie Rixon, a third-generation farmer at Lopemede Farm near Thame, is another. He took over the beef farm 10 years ago, but in 2019 there was a serious disease outbreak in the cattle. With such a large field left unproductive, he had to reassess its future. When a teacher at, his daughters’ forest school approached him about setting up an art centre last year, he realised he could launch an art forest school to make full use of the field. “Now we have the art forest school here and we’re making about 6,000 a year,” Rixon says. “Not only am I increasing the biodiversity here, I’m increasing the social and community aspect of educating children — and economically it’s working.” Meanwhile, Rixon is delighted that the farm is at the heart of the community again. He grew up reading comics that showed farmers shouting: “Get off my land!” We’ve kind of switched that to get on our land,” he laughs. But this isn’t a free-for-all. Rixon has a code of conduct for visitors, and some areas remain out of bounds for safety reasons. He’s also using technology to open up the farm remotely, including installing cameras in owl boxes, which allow local schoolchildren to watch owl’s chicks without disturbing their nests.“ Often, there’s a farm gate which is closed with a sign saying: ‘Beware of the dog’ or whatever,” says Langford. “I’m thinking — how can we open that farm gate?” 9．What is the benefit of the “hedge shower"? A．Campers can tour around the farm for free. B．Campers can bond with nature while bathing. C．Langford can overcome his financial hardship. D．Langford can preserve the unique green spaces. 10．Why did Rixon set up an art forest schoo1? A．To raise awareness of forest protection. B．To maximize the efficiency of the field. C．To fill the gap of fewer art schools there. D．To increase the biodiversity of the farm. 11．What is Rixon’s requirement for visitors? A．They should keep off the farmers’ land. B．They should enter the land by invitation. C．They should bring cameras to watch owls. D．They should be limited within certain areas. 12．Which word best describes farmers like Langford and Rixon? A．Conventional. B．Economical. C．Demanding. D．Pioneering. Passage 2 （2025·江苏·一模）At the end of a perfect July afternoon in 2016, Raymond awoke from an accident only to find that he’d damaged his neck and could no longer walk or fully use his hands. But that’s just the beginning of Raymond’s story. A year later, sad with the lack of rehab (康复) resources available for people like himself in New Orleans, the former broadcast engineer decided that his hometown needed an adaptive gym to cater for those with injuries and disabilities (残疾). Based on the need, Raymond financed the establishment (建立) of Split Second Fitness in 2021, with specially designed workout equipment and therapy programs that allow clients to grow stronger without the aim (意图) of making money. The inspiration for Split Second Fitness came to Raymond as he spent three months at a rehab center in Sacramento, which redefined his understanding of recovery. “I knew I had to get back home and figure out how to do that,” says Raymond, who spent three years raising funds (资金) and learning how to run an organization. Seated bikes help move disabled users’ legs; yoga instructors help stroke survivors increase flexibility and range of motion; mental health experts facilitate the hard transition to a new way of living… “Anybody’s life can change in a split second like mine did,” explains Raymond. “What our organization is really centered around is ‘How do we give you hope?’ and ‘How can we help you transform that hope into action steps for you to create a better tomorrow?’” “The aim is to increase the quality of life of those with a disability,” he says. “Because if I can give you something to look forward to, it will help you get out of the painful process and help you get back on track to a happy and healthy life.” Raymond, who insists he’s just getting started, says that he plans to open similar gyms across the nation. “I want to be remembered as someone who moved the needle on disability advocacy issues.” 13．What do we know about Split Second Fitness? A．It is open to everyone. B．It is made up of many gyms. C．It is financed by TV programs. D．It is run on a non-profit (盈利) basis. 14．What inspired Raymond to set up Split Second Fitness? A．A live broadcast. B．A rehab experience. C．A request from a fitness center. D．A suggestion from a former workmate. 15．What can we learn about Split Second Fitness from paragraph 4? A．Its goal and mission (使命). B．Its facilities (设备) and staff. C．Its background and change. D．Its challenges and difficulties. 16．What is the best title for the text? A．Life with a Disability: a Painful Process B．Hope in action: a Road to Self-discovery C．Gyms: Making You Healthier and Stronger D．Instructors (教练): Helping you become energetic Passage 3 （2025高三上·江苏省南京市、盐城市·一模）More than 20 years ago, Yung-Chi Cheng, a Yale professor in drug development for cancer, had a pioneering idea: what if he could unlock the potential of ancient Chinese medicines for treating cancer? What if he could design botanical drugs that would make traditional cancer treatments work better? No one had done it before. Fellow researchers and experts advised him to change course, because developing botanical drugs was too complicated and too risky. But Cheng didn’t let the idea go. Now, in a landmark moment in cancer research, Cheng and research partners are launching the first international clinical trial for a botanical drug, YIV-906. Shwu-Hucy Liu, a postdoctoral researcher in Cheng’s Yale lab, spent hours leafing through ancient Chinese texts at Yale’s library seeking the properties of Chinese herbs. She returned with Huang Qin Tang, a 1,800-year-old treatment for stomach illnesses, based on which the team developed a drug and tested it on one thousand mice. What followed were years of additional testing of the drug’s effectiveness for a range of cancers in multiple human studies involving over 200 patients. The positive effects displayed again and again, YIV-906 not only reduced the side effects of radiation treatment, but also led to faster recovery and longer survival rates. All they need now are larger data sets. When the results of the international trial are available about three years from now, YIV-906 may find itself next in a long line of breakthrough drugs developed from natural products, which includes a malaria (疟疾) treatment developed from the Chinese herb qinghao, the discovery of which led to a Nobel Prize for chemist Tu Youyou. It has been a long journey, but if Cheng and his team are successful, it could create a new approach to treating cancer. They called the new approach “WE” medicine, a combination of Western medicine and Eastern medicine. “It’s a totally new model. I’ve met with a lot of doubt, but think the results will speak for themselves,” Cheng said. 17．What did fellow researchers initially think of Cheng’s research? A．Creative. B．Comprehensive. C．Conventional. D．Challenging. 18．Why did Liu refer to ancient Chinese texts? A．She wanted to question ancient treatment methods. B．She desired to find inspiration for treating diseases. C．She tried to document the history of Chinese herbs. D．She determined to find a cure for stomach illnesses. 19．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Steps of the drug testing. B．The application of YIV-906. C．Effects of the clinical trial. D．The effectiveness of YIV-906. 20．Why does the author mention Chinese herb qinghao? A．To illustrate the value of botanical drugs. B．To advocate the adoption of “WE” medicine. C．To praise Tu’s contributions to drug development. D．To highlight its success in medicine development. 主题03 人与社会——公益善举 Passage 1 （24-25高三上·江苏南通·期中）In her tiny Athens apartment, 93-year-old Ioanna Matsouka has knitted thousands of brightly colored scarves for children in need from Greece to Ukraine, and she has no plans to quit just yet. “Until I die, I will be knitting,” Matsouka says. Since she took up knitting in the 1990s, Matsouka has easily made over 3,000 scarves, her daughter estimates. In the hallway by the door, shopping bags filled with her latest creations await their new home. A knitted blanket is thrown over the sofa where she spends her days. Initially distributed to friends, the scarves were later contributed to children’s shelters across Greece as the stock expanded. Then, through acquaintances, they reached children in Bosnia and Ukraine. The latest batch of 70 went to a refugee camp near Athens this winter via the UN refugee agency. Her daughter, Angeliki, narrates drawings and mails her mother has received over the years: “Thank you, be well, keep going. You gave joy to children, you gave joy to people.” That’s her only reward: a letter, a few words. Matsouka knits one scarf a day, now with small imperfections. Her vision is impaired and she suffers from severe facial pain, a condition known as trigeminal neuralgia (三叉神经痛). Angeliki says her mother is an example of resilience and optimism. Matsouka wakes up every morning, drinks a glass of milk, puts on her pearl earrings and gets to work. She takes a break for lunch and a nap, and then painstakingly knits into the night. She may have even found the secret to a long life in it, she says. “It’s the happiness I get from giving,” she says, sitting beside a big blue bag brimming with yarn (纱线). “Until I die, I will be knitting,” Matsouka says. Her knitting needles click through her expert fingers, her nails painted red. “It brings me joy to share them.” 21．What did the scarves begin as? A．Presents to acquaintances. B．Initiatives for fundraising. C．Donation to a refugee camp. D．Stock for children’s shelters. 22．What can be inferred about Matsouka from paragraph 4? A．She yields to her severely impaired vision. B．She wakes up every morning due to facial pain. C．She continues knitting despite her health challenges. D．She is only rewarded with drawings from her daughter. 23．Which of the following words fail to describe Matsouka? A．Resilient and reserved. B．Optimistic and generous. C．Persevering and passionate. D．Responsible and sympathetic. 24．What message does the article mainly convey? A．The eye is bigger than the belly. B．Giving is better than accepting. C．An early bird catches the worm. D．A rolling stone gathers no moss. Passage 2 （2025高三下·江苏省前黄中学·一模）Brice Christianson went to sporting events as a child and realized how inaccessible that world was for his deaf father. Recently, he stood 10 feet from National Hockey League (NHL)Commissioner (国家冰球联盟委员) Gary Bettman translating English into American Sign Language (ASL) for the annual league address at the Stanley Cup Final. Sign language interpreters have been present for national anthems (国歌), but this represented the NHL’s biggest step yet to make the stories around hockey available to the deaf and hard of hearing community. “We’re just scratching the surface,” said Christianson, now CEO for P-X-P, which specializes in making sports and entertainment more accessible for the deaf and hard of hearing. “Before, we always felt like we were lucky. Like I felt like we were lucky to be here ... but now I feel like we belong.” “Fans are diverse, and deaf and hard of hearing people belong among them,” said Christianson as he interpreted ASL into English for his business partner Jason Altmann. Having Christianson there to interpret for Bettman is one branch of the league’s diversity and inclusion initiatives. Melissa Parnagian, NHl manager of growth strategies and social impact, knows the deaf and hard of hearing people are usually not the first group considered in that department, but has spoken plenty with Christianson and Altmann about what would help and be needed. “What they emphasized to us is that a lot of what you can see in gameplay is easy to capture, but a lot of the sort of commentary (实况报道) and the business of the game, the culture of the game — the off-ice stuff is often what gets lost because it’s less visual,” said Parnagian. The National Association of the Deaf applauded the NHL for the move. CEO Howard Rosenblum called it another milestone and said, “We hope that this momentum (势头) leads to full access everywhere, including visibility on television broadcasts.” Christianson’s goal is to help normalize sign language interpreters and make it “automatic” for teams and leagues to use them at major events. 25．What motivated Christianson to advocate sign language in sports? A．The business potential in the field. B．The problems his deaf father encountered. C．His desire to become a sign language interpreter. D．His wish to improve the quality of commentary in sports. 26．What is probably the main focus of Christianson’s organization, P-X-P? A．Raising public awareness of helping the deaf. B．Promoting diversity and inclusion in sports events. C．Providing sign language interpreters for public events. D．Enhancing the visual experience of sports broadcasts. 27．What does Parnagian mainly talk about in paragraph 8? A．The overlooked aspects of gameplay. B．The importance of visual culture. C．The dominant culture of the game. D．The social impact of the game. 28．What is Rosenblum’s view on the NH’s move? A．Grateful. B．Dismissive. C．Tolerant. D．Sympathetic. 主题01 人与自我——认知与感悟 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·江苏省徐州市铜山区·期中）“Thank you for applying for the position,” the email read. “Your application has not been successful. We wish you every success in securing a suitable position in the future.” I received the email 2 weeks after an interview. When I read it, I felt disappointed and angry. I’d spent hours preparing for the interview and in the end, I didn’t even know why I wasn’t successful! “How can I adapt my job search approach if I don’t know what went wrong?” The value of that kind of feedback (反馈) became obvious to me a few months later. After applying for a job at a consulting company, I spent months working my way through the interview process before getting a phone call. “Unfortunately, we decided to offer the job to someone else,” the voice said. Again, the feeling I got from that rejection email appeared. But the conversation wasn’t over. “Would you like to hear feedback from us?” the company representative asked. The representative went on to tell me I hadn’t clearly shown my motivation for applying for the position and why I wanted to work for the company. The feedback was tough to hear. But I quickly realized they were right. After completing my Ph. D．in Germany, my top priority had been to find a position in Poland. So I wasn’t very selective about what I had applied for. The job at the consulting company was something I could do, but I didn’t feel passionate about it — and that was clearly shown in the interview process. From then on, I only pursued the jobs that I was passionate about. In my applications, I also began stating more clearly why I wanted that job. Soon the approach paid off. I got an offer for a postdoc position in Poland that I was truly excited about. Now, when early-career scientists interview for positions in my lab, I keep that experience in mind. If they don’t get the position, I will tell them why and what they can do to improve their job applications going forward. 1．What did the author expect to read in the rejection email? A．Reasons for failure. B．Useful guidelines. C．Encouraging words. D．Sincere apologies. 2．How did the author feel when receiving the call at first? A．Embarrassed. B．Discouraged. C．Nervous. D．Guilty. 3．What made the author lose a second chance to land a job? A．His inexperience in consulting. B．An overstatement of his capability. C．His lack of passion for the position. D．His bad performance in the interview. 4．Which words can best describe the author as a postdoc? A．Devoted and ambitious. B．Knowledgeable and modest. C．Courageous and warm-hearted. D．Responsible and thoughtful. Passage 2 （2026高三上·江苏省南京市鼓楼区南京市第二十九中学·月考）This year, my two oldest sons asked me to sign them up for piano lessons. For certain reasons, I decided it would also be a good time for me to take up the piano again, after 30 years. As a child, I learned not just the piano, but the cello. I played in two orchestras and sang in the school choir. No one forced me to do any of it, but it wasn’t quite a free choice either. When you are the approval-addicted daughter of an over-invested mother, no one needs to apply force. My mom and I were well matched partners in the dance of unspoken expectation and approval-seeking. I did her forcing for her. For my mother, my musical industriousness wasn’t so much about achievement as identity. She was American by birth, and after marrying my university professor father and moving to London, she spent a decade working to be accepted into the impatient, fraught world of British intellectual society. In this environment, a diligent daughter lugging a giant cello was a tiny amount of cultural capital, a ticket to belonging. As much as anything could, music made me into the person my mother needed me to be, so that she could be the person she needed to be, in order to escape who she actually was. And for my part, although I never truly believed that my mother’s love was conditional, I did have the suspicion that there was a performance-related bonus in there. It was foolish to think that taking up the piano at the same time as my own children would be emotionally uncomplicated. Or perhaps the complication was exactly why I sought it out. Somehow, the piano lessons turn me into both my childhood self, seeking my mother’s approval, and into my mother herself, putting the same high expectations on my own children. My mother was lucky in that I was temperamentally (性情地) suited to the role she assigned me. My sons are not so much so. They are rambunctious and restless, not wired for lengthy sessions of sitting still and reflecting well on me. Unconditional love may be at the defining heart of parenthood, but sometimes it can feel impossible to accommodate unconditional love to the worldly practices of day-to-day parenting. The whole job seems set up for conditionality: It would be dishonest to pretend that we have no stake in wanting our children to reflect our own values and preferences. I’m disappointed when my sons won’t play their role in the script I have written for them, but deep down, I’m also a little thrilled. They are maddeningly, gloriously resistant to the pressure. A secret part of me is delighted by their raging demands for full personhood — beyond my projections and hopes and fears. By the life they claim. 5．The underlined sentence in paragraph two means ______. A．the author demanded to learn musical instruments out of pure love B．the author forced her mum to sign her up for piano lessons against her will C．the author’s mom pushed her to learn musical instruments for her own sake D．the author offered to learn musical instruments to obtain her mom’s approval 6．The author’s mother think of the author’s musical industriousness as ______. A．a symbol more of family achievement than of social identity B．a way for her to fit into the British intellectual society at that time C．proof of her ability to be a qualified mother in front of her husband D．a result of her selfless cultivation more than the author’s own diligence 7．Which of the following is TRUE from the author’s perspective? A．She doesn’t care about her sons’ levels of playing musical instruments. B．She has a mixed feeling towards her sons’ reluctance to practise musical instruments. C．She feels sorrowful because her sons are unlikely skilled at playing musical instruments. D．She is still convinced that her sons could be as talented on musical instruments as she was. 8．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A．Can Musical Talents Really be Inherited? B．Can We Really Force Our Children to Love Music? C．Can We Really Love Our Children Unconditionally? D．Can Playing Instruments Help Us Fit into Intellectual Society? 主题02 人与社会——文化传承 Passage 1 （2025·江苏南通·一模）More than three centuries after she made an adventurous transatlantic voyage to study butterflies, a rare copy of the hand-coloured masterwork by the great naturalist and artist Maria Merian is returning to Amsterdam. Metamorphosis of the Suriname is one of the most fascinating (有吸引力的) books in natural history. It included some 60 richly coloured plates illustrating the different stages of development that she had observed in Suriname’s insects. Metamorphosis of the Suriname is a work of art and scientific scholarship. Merian recorded the local names of plants and insects she studied. In contrast to other European naturalists, she credited local people with helping her discover the colony’s wildlife, although didn’t name individuals. Born in 1647 in Frankfurt, Germany, Merian learned to paint in her artist father’s workshop, and became fascinated by silkworms, moths and butterflies. At that time, insects were believed to spring forth magically from mud, waste and plant matter in a process known as “spontaneous generation”. While Merian was not the first to show the transformation from egg to adult insect, her artistic talents helped to bring this message to a wider audience. The pioneering work of Merian was celebrated for its scientific accuracy and for bringing a new standard of precision to scientific illustration. In 1691, Merian moved to Amsterdam and opened her own studio. She worked as an independent artist and prepared specimens for a growing market of collectors. In Amsterdam, Merian had access to some of the finest natural history collections in the world. As she associated with famous scholars, physicians and botanists, ideas for her own voyage of discovery began to take shape. At 52, she embarked on (开始) a self-funded voyage to Suriname, driven by curiosity about the lives of insects. Her image would be dismissed as a fantasy. In the 18th century, people responded: “that’ s what you get when you send a woman to tropical places. She probably made that up”. But scientists later confirmed her findings. The spider plate was a very good example of how Merian worked. She was a really good observer. 9．What do we know about Metamorphosis of the Suriname? A．It won a book award for art. B．It listed the names of local helpers. C．It recorded Merian’s transatlantic voyage. D．It was based on Merian’s own observations. 10．What was the significance of Merian’s work? A．It had extremely high artistic value. B．It was the first natural history book. C．It shaped our understanding of insects. D．It introduced a creative research theory. 11．What inspired Merian’s idea of a personal journey to Suriname? A．Her encounter with noted scientists. B．Her ambition to expand her business. C．Her dream to travel around the world. D．Her curiosity about the lives of insects. 12．What can be inferred about nature study in Merian’s time? A．It lacked convincing evidence. B．It was conducted in tough places. C．It was considered the domain of men. D．It greatly improved women’s social status. Passage 2 （2025高三下·江苏省苏锡常镇·一模）Nadine Grimm’s A Grammar of Gyeli opens with a moving quote honoring ancestors: “For our ancestors who have left us - may we keep their wisdom.” This sets the tone for her study of the Gyeli language in Ngòló, a small village in southern Cameroon, rich in culture and hidden knowledge. In her prize-winning work, Grimm displays the essence of the Gyeli language, spoken by the Bagyeli people, who are sometimes called “Pygmies.” The grammatical description, which is presented in a form-to-function approach, covers all levels of language, ranging from Gyeli speech sounds to its information structure and complex sentences. Her path to studying African languages began by chance during her Bachelor’s degree in General Linguistics and French. She had an unexpected opportunity to work with a professor in Nigeria, which led to her first African language conference and started her interest in African languages. Grimm’s research includes deep fieldwork, such as recording conversations and joining in everyday activities with the Bagyeli. At first, she used assistants to communicate due to language barriers, but as her understanding grew, she began talking directly with the speakers. This method differs from traditional ones, focusing on real language use rather than simple word-for-word translations. The importance of reference grammars like Grimm’s becomes clear in light of the global problem of disappearing languages. With 50-90% of the world’s languages at risk, documenting languages like Gyeli is essential. “When languages die, we lose entire knowledge systems,” Grimm says. Her work not only records the Gyeli language but also adds to the understanding of endangered Bantu languages in general. It represents one of the most comprehensive descriptions of a northwestern Bantu language. For her efforts, Grimm was awarded the 2023 Bloomfield Book Award from the Linguistic Society of America. A single Bloomfield Book award is made annually to recognize “a volume that makes an outstanding contribution of long-term value to the understanding of language and linguistics.” Grimm’s work was praised for adding audio and video recordings that improve reliability in language research. 13．Why did Grimm write A Grammar of Gyeli? A．To keep a knowledge system. B．To honor her ancestors. C．To record the tone of Gyeli. D．To satisfy her interest in languages. 14．What do we know about the Gyeli language? A．It is endangered. B．It is simple in structure. C．It has to be studied in a form-to-function approach. D．It functions differently from other Bantu languages. 15．Why does the author mention Bantu languages? A．To highlight their importance. B．To illustrate the problem of disappearing languages. C．To emphasize the urgency of protecting them. D．To demonstrate the value of Grimm’s study. 16．What contributed most to the success of Grimm’s research? A．Her work with a professor in Nigeria. B．Her ability in learning a new language. C．Her relationship with the Bagyeli people. D．Her unique and reliable research method. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（记叙文） 参考答案 主题01 人与自我 —— 个人成长 Passage 1：1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B Passage 2：5．D 6．B 7．A 8．C 主题02 人与社会 —— 社会创新 Passage 1：9．B 10．B 11．D 12．D Passage 2：13．D 14．B 15．A 16．B Passage 3：17．D 18．B 19．D 20．A 主题03 人与社会——公益善举 Passage 1：21．A 22．C 23．A 24．B Passage 2：25．B 26．C 27．A 28．D 主题01 人与自我——认知与感悟 Passage 1：1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D Passage 2：5．D 6．B 7．B 8．C 主题02 人与社会——文化传承 Passage 1：9．D 10．C 11．A 12．C Passage 2：13．A 14．A 15．D 16．D 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（记叙文） 主题01 人与自我 —— 个人成长 Passage 1 （2025·江苏无锡·一模）Suzanne Heywood was just seven years old when her parents told her she, along with her younger brother Jonathan, would be pulled out of school to go on a three-year voyage around the world. The family of four from the UK set out on their exploration to recreate Captain Cook’s voyage around the globe, which ended up taking a decade instead of the promised three years. Now 55 years old, Suzanne has shared her tale of survival on TikTok, and recalled her 10 years at sea in her tell-all memoir (回忆录) Wave Walker. “I spent that time trapped on a boat, unable to go to school or have normal friendships.” Despite her father assuring her the trip would be safe, Suzanne claimed it was “incredibly dangerous but great as well”, sharing details of a risky journey from South Africa to Australia where the boat hit an enormous storm. In order to get through her very strange childhood, Suzanne recalled how she was determined to get an education to live a normal life. “As it became clear my parents had no intention of going back, I decided I had to educate myself as it was the only lifeline that I had,” she told the hosts of The Morning Show. She began studying in the small cabin of the boat, which she found challenging both practically and academically, as she “had missed a lot of education”. Then, when she was 16, and her brother 15, her parents enrolled (注册) the two teenagers into a school in New Zealand while they continued sailing. Despite the gaps in her education, Suzanne landed a spot at Oxford University, and after saving up money she’ d earned working on a farm, Suzanne bought a one-way plane ticket back to the UK. Since going public with her story, Suzanne’s book instantly became a bestseller, and she continues to work through the trauma (创伤) caused by her “unstable” childhood. Suzanne’s extraordinary tale has captured the hearts of millions, with thousands of online fans applauding her for her bravery. 1．Why did Suzanne’s family set out their voyage? A．To meet the challenges of their life. B．To realize the dream of family traveling. C．To admire the beauty of great oceans. D．To follow in the footsteps of a great explorer. 2．What did education mean to Suzanne during the voyage? A．An approach to pleasing her parents. B．A tool for killing time on the vast sea. C．A means of struggling for a better future. D．A support of her admission into Oxford University. 3．What message does Suzanne’s experience convey? A．A strong will can free a person from family support. B．A lack of education can affect a person’s intelligence. C．A unique life can equip a person with special qualities. D．A crazy upbringing always leads to greater achievements. 4．What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text? A．To analyze the impact of family decisions and give warnings. B．To record Suzanne’s remarkable life journey and inspire others. C．To evaluate Suzanne’s educational achievements and praise her. D．To promote Suzanne’s memoir Wave Walker and excite readers. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Suzanne Heywood在7岁时与父母及弟弟一起开始了一段原计划为期三年却持续了十年的环球航行。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“The family of four from the UK set out on their exploration to recreate Captain Cook’s voyage around the globe, which ended up taking a decade instead of the promised three years.( 这个来自英国的四口之家开始了他们的探险之旅，想要重现库克船长的环球航行，结果花了十年时间，而不是承诺的三年。)”可知，Suzanne的家人出发航行是为了重现库克船长的环球航行即追随一位伟大探险家的脚步。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“In order to get through her very strange childhood, Suzanne recalled how she was determined to get an education to live a normal life. (为了度过她奇怪的童年，Suzanne回忆起她是如何下定决心接受教育，过上正常的生活的。)”以及本段中Suzanne说的话“As it became clear my parents had no intention of going back, I decided I had to educate myself as it was the only lifeline that I had, (当我清楚我的父母没有回去的意思时，我决定我必须自学，因为这是我唯一的救命稻草)”可知，在航行期间，为了过上正常的生活，教育是她唯一的救命稻草，因此在旅行中获取教育对Suzanne来说是为了争取一个更好的未来。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“In order to get through her very strange childhood, Suzanne recalled how she was determined to get an education to live a normal life. (为了度过她奇怪的童年，Suzanne回忆起她是如何下定决心接受教育，过上正常的生活的。)”以及倒数第二段“Despite the gaps in her education, Suzanne landed a spot at Oxford University, and after saving up money she’ d earned working on a farm, Suzanne bought a one-way plane ticket back to the UK.( 尽管Suzanne的教育有所缺失，但她还是成功获得了牛津大学的席位，并且在农场工作攒钱之后，Suzanne买了一张飞回英国的单程机票。)”以及最后一段中“Suzanne’s extraordinary tale has captured the hearts of millions, with thousands of online fans applauding her for her bravery.(Suzanne的非凡故事打动了数百万人，数千名网上粉丝为她的勇敢鼓掌)”可知，Suzanne从海上探险和自学的经历中获得了独特的品质，从而在后来的人生中取得了成就，这表明独特的生活经历可以让一个人拥有特殊的品质，让她变得勇敢和坚强。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since going public with her story, Suzanne’s book instantly became a bestseller, and she continues to work through the trauma (创伤) caused by her “unstable” childhood. Suzanne’s extraordinary tale has captured the hearts of millions, with thousands of online fans applauding her for her bravery.(自Suzanne公开自己的经历以来，她的书迅速成为畅销书，她也在继续治愈自己因“动荡不安”的童年而遭受的心理创伤。Suzanne的非凡故事打动了数百万人，数千名网络粉丝为她的勇敢而喝彩。)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了Suzanne Heywood在7岁时与父母及弟弟一起开始了一段原计划为期三年却持续了十年的环球航行。在船上，Suzanne错过了正常的学习和社交，但她通过自学努力获取教育。之后，Suzanne进入新西兰的学校学习，并最终考入牛津大学。她将自己的经历写成回忆录《Wave Walker》，这本书成为了畅销书，Suzanne的勇敢和坚强也赢得了无数网友的赞赏，因此作者写这篇文章的目的是记录Suzanne的非凡人生旅程，并激励他人。故选B项。 Passage 2 （2025·江苏·一模）“WHAT KIND OF BIRD is this?” the text from my wildlife protector friend had asked. I had to look closely at the photo. It was an owl (猫头鹰), found dragged and dropped on someone’s backyard. I figured that she was about two weeks from being old enough to fly. Cleaned and warmed, the tiny owl survived. Together we planned a “soft release”. “The idea was that as she gained the ability to fly, we would let the young owl wander off rather naturally, on her own schedule, into the very suitable woodland behind our home.” Her care came to us for what we thought would be a few weeks at most. We called her Alfie. But the recovery took longer than expected. When she should have been able to fly, Alfie could only walk on the ground. Winter was in the air, making easy food much less available, and she had never learned to hunt. I would not risk letting her loose and having her starve. When summer was again at its fullest, I left the door open. Alfie disappeared one day. A week later, my wife texted me: “Guess who’s back. After that, Alfie centered her territory around our backyard, and before long, we started seeing another owl. Alfie became the owl she was born to be when she left our protection for the risks and rewards of free agency. She and her mate raised three baby birds that first year, building new links in the great chain that has gone unbroken for millions of owl generations. Alfie lives in relationship, and our surprising capacity to relate to one another expanded my perspective on her life and mine. Birds and humans have not had a common ancestor for more than 300 million years, yet Alfie always enjoyed a little head scratch that we enjoyed giving. Our nervous systems still relate, allowing us to share such pleasures. People for thousands of years lived in relationship with nature and with their communities. If there is one lesson from Alfie, it is that to live in relationship is how we might heal. 5．According to the article, which is TRUE when Alfie the owl was initially found? A．It was found from a photo in a magazine. B．It was found by the author’s fellow staff. C．It was found in the author’s backyard. D．It was tiny and in poor condition. 6．What is their attitude toward the release of Alfie? A．Alfie should be released softly in summer. B．They want to release Alfie when she is ready C．They want to adopt Alfie when she is old enough. D．They want Alfie to wander when food is sufficient. 7．Which of the following is TRUE according to paragraph 3 and 4? A．Alfie contributed to the ongoing chain of owl generations. B．Alfie was struggling in winter during the recovery. C．Alfie was rewarded by a free agency after it disappeared. D．Alfie went back to establish her territory to thank the author. 8．What is the author’s purpose in writing this article? A．To teach readers how to find and help injured animals. B．To remind readers to protect and value the beauty of nature. C．To remind readers to rethink our relationship with wildlife and the environment. D．To encourage readers to strengthen their bond with birds. 【答案】5．D 6．B 7．A 8．C 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。这篇文章讲述了作者养育并释放了一只小猫头鹰，名叫Alfie。Alfie在刚开始时不能飞行，于是作者决定将其保护更久一些。在作者打开门口后，Alfie离开了，一周后又回到了作者家附近，并和它的伴侣一起养育了三只幼鸟。作者认为Alfie的故事展示了人与自然以及社群之间关系的重要性，并呼吁我们要尝试修复这些关系。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段“It was an owl(猫头鹰), found dragged and dropped on someone’s backyard. (这是一只猫头鹰，被人拖着丢在了别人的后院)”以及第二段“Cleaned and warmed, the tiny owl survived. (经过清洗和取暖，这只小猫头鹰活了下来)”可知，被拯救的小猫头鹰是被人遗弃的，状况很糟糕并且很小。D选项“It was tiny and in poor condition.(它很小，而且状况很差)”与原文信息相符。故选D。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段“Winter was in the air, making easy food much less available, and she had never learned to hunt. I would not risk letting her loose and having her starve. (冬天来临了，容易得到的食物越来越少，而她从来没有学会打猎。我不会冒险放了她，让她饿死。)”可知，冬天来了，Alfie能够得到的食物越来越少，因此作者想等Alfie准备好了再放她即他们想等Alfie准备好了就放了她。故选B。 7．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“She and her mate raised three baby birds that first year, building new links in the great chain that has gone unbroken for millions of owl generations. (第一年，她和她的伴侣养育了三只幼鸟，在这个已经延续了数百万代的巨大链条上建立了新的纽带)”可知，Alfie 和她的伴侣养育了三只幼鸟，在这个已经延续了数百万代的巨大链条上建立了新的纽带即Alfie促成了猫头鹰世代的延续。故选A。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Alfie lives in relationship, and our surprising capacity to relate to one another expanded my perspective on her life and mine. (Alfie生活在一种亲密关系中，我们令人惊讶的相互关联能力扩展了我对她的生活和我的生活的视野。)”以及最后一段中“People for thousands of years lived in relationship with nature and with their communities. If there is one lesson from Alfie, it is that to live in relationship is how we might heal.( 几千年来，人们一直生活在与自然和社区的关系中。如果我们能从Alfie身上学到什么，那就是生活在一段关系中，我们才能痊愈。)”可知，作者认为与猫头鹰Alfie的相处是一种亲密的关系，拓展了作者对于动物的生活以及自身人类生活的视野，作者从Alfie身上明白的是人与自然以及社群之间关系的重要性，并呼吁要尝试修复这些关系即作者写这篇文章的目的是提醒读者重新思考我们与野生动物和环境的关系。故选C。 主题02 人与社会 —— 社会创新 Passage 1 （2025·江苏·一模）A line of people are disappearing, one by one, into a hedgerow (灌木树篱) on a hillside near Aylesbury, England. Hidden inside the thick hedgerow, under the spreading branches of a tree, is a spacious hole, with the shower head fixed to the tree’s trunk. As the benefits of spending time in green spaces are well-documented, people like Tony Langford see a beneficial opportunity. Thus he created this “hedge shower”, so campers on his farm can enjoy hot showers while being lost in nature. Today he’s showing a group of 15 local farmers how this is taking shape there, from community festivals to “nature bathing” walks. Eddie Rixon, a third-generation farmer at Lopemede Farm near Thame, is another. He took over the beef farm 10 years ago, but in 2019 there was a serious disease outbreak in the cattle. With such a large field left unproductive, he had to reassess its future. When a teacher at, his daughters’ forest school approached him about setting up an art centre last year, he realised he could launch an art forest school to make full use of the field. “Now we have the art forest school here and we’re making about 6,000 a year,” Rixon says. “Not only am I increasing the biodiversity here, I’m increasing the social and community aspect of educating children — and economically it’s working.” Meanwhile, Rixon is delighted that the farm is at the heart of the community again. He grew up reading comics that showed farmers shouting: “Get off my land!” We’ve kind of switched that to get on our land,” he laughs. But this isn’t a free-for-all. Rixon has a code of conduct for visitors, and some areas remain out of bounds for safety reasons. He’s also using technology to open up the farm remotely, including installing cameras in owl boxes, which allow local schoolchildren to watch owl’s chicks without disturbing their nests.“ Often, there’s a farm gate which is closed with a sign saying: ‘Beware of the dog’ or whatever,” says Langford. “I’m thinking — how can we open that farm gate?” 9．What is the benefit of the “hedge shower"? A．Campers can tour around the farm for free. B．Campers can bond with nature while bathing. C．Langford can overcome his financial hardship. D．Langford can preserve the unique green spaces. 10．Why did Rixon set up an art forest schoo1? A．To raise awareness of forest protection. B．To maximize the efficiency of the field. C．To fill the gap of fewer art schools there. D．To increase the biodiversity of the farm. 11．What is Rixon’s requirement for visitors? A．They should keep off the farmers’ land. B．They should enter the land by invitation. C．They should bring cameras to watch owls. D．They should be limited within certain areas. 12．Which word best describes farmers like Langford and Rixon? A．Conventional. B．Economical. C．Demanding. D．Pioneering. 【答案】9．B 10．B 11．D 12．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了英国的两位农民朗福德和里克森利用自家农场的资源，为游客和孩子们创造亲近自然的机会，同时也实现了农场的经济和社会效益。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Thus he created this “hedge shower”, so campers on his farm can enjoy hot showers while being lost in nature. (于是他创造了这个“树篱淋浴”，这样他农场里的露营者就可以在享受热水淋浴的同时沉浸在大自然中。)” 可知，“树篱淋浴” 的好处是露营者可以在沐浴时与大自然亲密接触。故选B。 10．细节理解题。根据第三段“With such a large field left unproductive, he had to reassess its future. When a teacher at, his daughters’ forest school approached him about setting up an art centre last year, he realised he could launch an art forest school to make full use of the field. (有这么大一块土地闲置着，他不得不重新评估它的未来。去年，当他女儿所在的森林学校的一位老师找他谈关于建立一个艺术中心的事情时，他意识到他可以开办一所艺术森林学校来充分利用这块土地。)” 可知，里克森开办艺术森林学校是为了最大限度地提高土地的利用率。故选B。 11．细节理解题。根据第四段“Rixon has a code of conduct for visitors, and some areas remain out of bounds for safety reasons. (里克森对游客有行为准则，出于安全原因，一些区域禁止进入。)” 可知，里克森对游客的要求是他们应该被限制在某些区域内。故选D。 12．推理判断题。根据第二段“Thus he created this “hedge shower”, so campers on his farm can enjoy hot showers while being lost in nature. (于是他创造了这个“树篱淋浴”，让他农场里的露营者可以在沉浸于大自然的同时享受热水淋浴。)” 以及第三段“With such a large field left unproductive, he had to reassess its future. When a teacher at, his daughters’ forest school approached him about setting up an art centre last year, he realised he could launch an art forest school to make full use of the field. (有这么大一片土地闲置着，他不得不重新评估它的未来。去年，当他女儿所在的森林学校的一位老师找他谈关于建立一个艺术中心的事情时，他意识到他可以开办一所艺术森林学校来充分利用这片土地。)” 可知，Langford 和 Rixon 两位农场主都在以创新的方式经营农场。故选D。 Passage 2 （2025·江苏·一模）At the end of a perfect July afternoon in 2016, Raymond awoke from an accident only to find that he’d damaged his neck and could no longer walk or fully use his hands. But that’s just the beginning of Raymond’s story. A year later, sad with the lack of rehab (康复) resources available for people like himself in New Orleans, the former broadcast engineer decided that his hometown needed an adaptive gym to cater for those with injuries and disabilities (残疾). Based on the need, Raymond financed the establishment (建立) of Split Second Fitness in 2021, with specially designed workout equipment and therapy programs that allow clients to grow stronger without the aim (意图) of making money. The inspiration for Split Second Fitness came to Raymond as he spent three months at a rehab center in Sacramento, which redefined his understanding of recovery. “I knew I had to get back home and figure out how to do that,” says Raymond, who spent three years raising funds (资金) and learning how to run an organization. Seated bikes help move disabled users’ legs; yoga instructors help stroke survivors increase flexibility and range of motion; mental health experts facilitate the hard transition to a new way of living… “Anybody’s life can change in a split second like mine did,” explains Raymond. “What our organization is really centered around is ‘How do we give you hope?’ and ‘How can we help you transform that hope into action steps for you to create a better tomorrow?’” “The aim is to increase the quality of life of those with a disability,” he says. “Because if I can give you something to look forward to, it will help you get out of the painful process and help you get back on track to a happy and healthy life.” Raymond, who insists he’s just getting started, says that he plans to open similar gyms across the nation. “I want to be remembered as someone who moved the needle on disability advocacy issues.” 13．What do we know about Split Second Fitness? A．It is open to everyone. B．It is made up of many gyms. C．It is financed by TV programs. D．It is run on a non-profit (盈利) basis. 14．What inspired Raymond to set up Split Second Fitness? A．A live broadcast. B．A rehab experience. C．A request from a fitness center. D．A suggestion from a former workmate. 15．What can we learn about Split Second Fitness from paragraph 4? A．Its goal and mission (使命). B．Its facilities (设备) and staff. C．Its background and change. D．Its challenges and difficulties. 16．What is the best title for the text? A．Life with a Disability: a Painful Process B．Hope in action: a Road to Self-discovery C．Gyms: Making You Healthier and Stronger D．Instructors (教练): Helping you become energetic 【答案】13．D 14．B 15．A 16．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Raymond在事故后创立适应性健身房，帮助残障人士康复并提升生活质量的故事。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Based on the need, Raymond financed the establishment (建立) of Split Second Fitness in 2021, with specially designed workout equipment and therapy programs that allow clients to grow stronger without the aim (意图) of making money. (基于需求，Raymond于2021年出资成立了Split Second Fitness，提供专门设计的健身设备和治疗方案，在不以赚钱为目的的情况下让客户变得更强壮。)”可知，Split Second Fitness的运营不是为了盈利。故选D。 14．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The inspiration for Split Second Fitness came to Raymond as he spent three months at a rehab center in Sacramento, which redefined his understanding of recovery. (Raymond在Sacramento的一家康复中心度过了三个月，这段经历重新定义了他对康复的理解。)”可知，Raymond建立Split Second Fitness的灵感来源于他的康复经历。故选B。 15．推理判断题。根据第四段中“What our organization is really centered around is ‘How do we give you hope?’ and ‘How can we help you transform that hope into action steps for you to create a better tomorrow?’ (我们公司真正的核心是“我们如何给你希望？”以及“我们怎样才能帮助你们把希望转化为行动，创造更美好的明天？”)”可推知，这一段主要讲述Split Second Fitness的目标和使命。故选A。 16．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是根据第四段中“What our organization is really centered around is ‘How do we give you hope?’ and ‘How can we help you transform that hope into action steps for you to create a better tomorrow?’ (我们公司真正的核心是“我们如何给你希望？”以及“我们怎样才能帮助你们把希望转化为行动，创造更美好的明天？”)”可知，本文主要讲述了Raymond在事故后创立适应性健身房，帮助残障人士康复并提升生活质量的故事，所以它的最佳标题是“Hope in action: a Road to Self-discovery (行动中的希望：自我发现之路)”。故选B。 Passage 3 （2025高三上·江苏省南京市、盐城市·一模）More than 20 years ago, Yung-Chi Cheng, a Yale professor in drug development for cancer, had a pioneering idea: what if he could unlock the potential of ancient Chinese medicines for treating cancer? What if he could design botanical drugs that would make traditional cancer treatments work better? No one had done it before. Fellow researchers and experts advised him to change course, because developing botanical drugs was too complicated and too risky. But Cheng didn’t let the idea go. Now, in a landmark moment in cancer research, Cheng and research partners are launching the first international clinical trial for a botanical drug, YIV-906. Shwu-Hucy Liu, a postdoctoral researcher in Cheng’s Yale lab, spent hours leafing through ancient Chinese texts at Yale’s library seeking the properties of Chinese herbs. She returned with Huang Qin Tang, a 1,800-year-old treatment for stomach illnesses, based on which the team developed a drug and tested it on one thousand mice. What followed were years of additional testing of the drug’s effectiveness for a range of cancers in multiple human studies involving over 200 patients. The positive effects displayed again and again, YIV-906 not only reduced the side effects of radiation treatment, but also led to faster recovery and longer survival rates. All they need now are larger data sets. When the results of the international trial are available about three years from now, YIV-906 may find itself next in a long line of breakthrough drugs developed from natural products, which includes a malaria (疟疾) treatment developed from the Chinese herb qinghao, the discovery of which led to a Nobel Prize for chemist Tu Youyou. It has been a long journey, but if Cheng and his team are successful, it could create a new approach to treating cancer. They called the new approach “WE” medicine, a combination of Western medicine and Eastern medicine. “It’s a totally new model. I’ve met with a lot of doubt, but think the results will speak for themselves,” Cheng said. 17．What did fellow researchers initially think of Cheng’s research? A．Creative. B．Comprehensive. C．Conventional. D．Challenging. 18．Why did Liu refer to ancient Chinese texts? A．She wanted to question ancient treatment methods. B．She desired to find inspiration for treating diseases. C．She tried to document the history of Chinese herbs. D．She determined to find a cure for stomach illnesses. 19．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Steps of the drug testing. B．The application of YIV-906. C．Effects of the clinical trial. D．The effectiveness of YIV-906. 20．Why does the author mention Chinese herb qinghao? A．To illustrate the value of botanical drugs. B．To advocate the adoption of “WE” medicine. C．To praise Tu’s contributions to drug development. D．To highlight its success in medicine development. 【答案】17．D 18．B 19．D 20．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了耶鲁大学癌症药物开发教授郑永齐研究一种新的治疗癌症的方法。 17．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Fellow researchers and experts advised him to change course, because developing botanical drugs was too complicated and too risky. But Cheng didn’t let the idea go.( 其他研究人员和专家建议他改变路线，因为开发植物药物太复杂，风险太大。但是郑永齐并没有放弃这个想法)”可推知，研究人员最初认为郑永齐的研究是具有挑战性的。故选D项。 18．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Shwu-Hucy Liu, a postdoctoral researcher in Cheng’s Yale lab, spent hours leafing through ancient Chinese texts at Yale’s library seeking the properties of Chinese herbs. She returned with Huang Qin Tang, a 1,800-ycar-old treatment for stomach illnesses, based on which the team developed a drug and tested it on one thousand mice.( 郑永齐在耶鲁大学实验室的博士后研究员刘淑惠（音译）花了几个小时在耶鲁大学图书馆翻阅中国古代文献，寻找中草药的特性。她带着黄芩汤回来了，黄芩汤是一种有1800年历史的治疗胃病的药物，研究小组以此为基础开发了一种药物，并在1000只老鼠身上进行了测试)”可推知，刘淑惠参考中国古代文献是因为她希望找到治疗疾病的灵感。故选B项。 19．主旨大意题。根据第三段“What followed were years of additional testing of the drug’s effectiveness for a range of cancers in multiple human studies involving over 200 patients. The positive effects displayed again and again, YIV-906 not only reduced the side effects of radiation treatment, but also led to faster recovery and longer survival rates.( 接下来的几年里，科学家们在涉及200多名患者的多项人体研究中，对这种药物对一系列癌症的有效性进行了额外的测试。YIV-906不仅减少了放射治疗的副作用，而且恢复得更快，生存率更长，积极的效果一次又一次地显示出来)”可知，第三段主要讲了YIV-906的有效性。故选D项。 20．推理判断题。根据第四段中“When the results of the international trial are available about three years from now, YIV-906 may find itself next in a long line of breakthrough drugs developed from natural products, which includes a malaria (疟疾) treatment developed from the Chinese herb ginghao, the discovery of which led to a Nobel Prize for chemist Tu Youyou.( 大约三年后，当国际试验的结果公布时，YIV-906可能会成为从天然产物中开发的一长串突破性药物中的下一个，其中包括从中药青蒿中开发的一种治疗疟疾的药物，该药物的发现使化学家屠呦呦获得了诺贝尔奖)”可推知，作者提到中药青蒿是为了说明植物性药物的价值。故选A项。 主题03 人与社会——公益善举 Passage 1 （24-25高三上·江苏南通·期中）In her tiny Athens apartment, 93-year-old Ioanna Matsouka has knitted thousands of brightly colored scarves for children in need from Greece to Ukraine, and she has no plans to quit just yet. “Until I die, I will be knitting,” Matsouka says. Since she took up knitting in the 1990s, Matsouka has easily made over 3,000 scarves, her daughter estimates. In the hallway by the door, shopping bags filled with her latest creations await their new home. A knitted blanket is thrown over the sofa where she spends her days. Initially distributed to friends, the scarves were later contributed to children’s shelters across Greece as the stock expanded. Then, through acquaintances, they reached children in Bosnia and Ukraine. The latest batch of 70 went to a refugee camp near Athens this winter via the UN refugee agency. Her daughter, Angeliki, narrates drawings and mails her mother has received over the years: “Thank you, be well, keep going. You gave joy to children, you gave joy to people.” That’s her only reward: a letter, a few words. Matsouka knits one scarf a day, now with small imperfections. Her vision is impaired and she suffers from severe facial pain, a condition known as trigeminal neuralgia (三叉神经痛). Angeliki says her mother is an example of resilience and optimism. Matsouka wakes up every morning, drinks a glass of milk, puts on her pearl earrings and gets to work. She takes a break for lunch and a nap, and then painstakingly knits into the night. She may have even found the secret to a long life in it, she says. “It’s the happiness I get from giving,” she says, sitting beside a big blue bag brimming with yarn (纱线). “Until I die, I will be knitting,” Matsouka says. Her knitting needles click through her expert fingers, her nails painted red. “It brings me joy to share them.” 21．What did the scarves begin as? A．Presents to acquaintances. B．Initiatives for fundraising. C．Donation to a refugee camp. D．Stock for children’s shelters. 22．What can be inferred about Matsouka from paragraph 4? A．She yields to her severely impaired vision. B．She wakes up every morning due to facial pain. C．She continues knitting despite her health challenges. D．She is only rewarded with drawings from her daughter. 23．Which of the following words fail to describe Matsouka? A．Resilient and reserved. B．Optimistic and generous. C．Persevering and passionate. D．Responsible and sympathetic. 24．What message does the article mainly convey? A．The eye is bigger than the belly. B．Giving is better than accepting. C．An early bird catches the worm. D．A rolling stone gathers no moss. 【答案】21．A 22．C 23．A 24．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了93岁的希腊老奶奶伊奥安娜•马苏卡的故事，她编织了数千条色彩鲜艳的围巾，捐赠给了希腊、波斯尼亚和乌克兰等地需要帮助的儿童。 21．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Initially distributed to friends, the scarves were later contributed to children’s shelters across Greece as the stock expanded.(这些围巾最初分发给朋友，后来随着库存的增加，它们被捐赠给了希腊各地的儿童收容所。)”可知，这些毛巾最初分发给朋友，也就是她熟悉的人。故选A项。 22．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Her vision is impaired and she suffers from severe facial pain, a condition known as trigeminal neuralgia (三叉神经痛).(她的视力受损，并且患有严重的面部疼痛，这种情况被称为三叉神经痛。)”可知，Matsouka的身体出现了状况，结合下文的“Matsouka wakes up every morning, drinks a glass of milk, puts on her pearl earrings and gets to work. She takes a break for lunch and a nap, and then painstakingly knits into the night.(Matsouka每天早上醒来，喝一杯牛奶，戴上珍珠耳环，然后去工作。她休息了一下，吃了午饭，打了个盹，然后辛辛苦苦地编织到深夜。)”可知，在Matsouka身体状况的情况下，她仍每天坚持编织到深夜，由此可知，她不顾健康问题继续编织。故选C项。 23．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Her vision is impaired and she suffers from severe facial pain, a condition known as trigeminal neuralgia (三叉神经痛).(她的视力受损，并且患有严重的面部疼痛，这种情况被称为三叉神经痛。)”可知，Matsouka的身体出现了状况，结合下文的“Matsouka wakes up every morning, drinks a glass of milk, puts on her pearl earrings and gets to work. She takes a break for lunch and a nap, and then painstakingly knits into the night.(Matsouka每天早上醒来，喝一杯牛奶，戴上珍珠耳环，然后去工作。她休息了一下，吃了午饭，打了个盹，然后辛辛苦苦地编织到深夜。)”可知，在Matsouka身体状况的情况下，她仍每天坚持编织到深夜，由此可知，她不顾病痛坚持编织送人，说明她很慷慨乐观；根据首段中的“Since she took up knitting in the 1990s, Matsouka has easily made over 3,000 scarves, her daughter estimates.(Matsouka的女儿估计，自上世纪90年代开始编织以来，她已经轻松制作了3000多条围巾。)”可知，她从上个世纪以来就开始编制，到现在还在坚持，由此可知，她是坚持不懈充满热情；结合第一段中的“In her tiny Athens apartment, 93-year-old Ioanna Matsouka has knitted thousands of brightly colored scarves for children in need from Greece to Ukraine, and she has no plans to quit just yet. (在她位于雅典的小公寓里，93岁的约安娜·马苏卡（Ioanna Matsouka）为从希腊到乌克兰需要帮助的孩子们编织了数千条色彩鲜艳的围巾，她还没有放弃的打算。)”可知，她把编织的围巾送给血药帮助的孩子，由此可知，她富有同情心和责任心；结合第四段中的“Angeliki says her mother is an example of resilience and optimism.(安吉利基说，她的母亲是坚韧和乐观的典范。)”可知，在她女儿眼中，她是坚韧和乐观的，综合以上信息，文中提到了Ioanna Matsouka是慷慨、乐观、有毅力、富有同情心和责任感的人，但是没有提到她是“矜持的”。故选A项。 24．推理判断题。根据尾段中的“She may have even found the secret to a long life in it, she says. “It’s the happiness I get from giving,” she says, sitting beside a big blue bag brimming with yarn (纱线).(她说，她甚至可能在里面找到了长寿的秘诀。“这是我从给予中得到的快乐，”她坐在一个装满纱线的蓝色大袋子旁边说。)”可知，Ioanna Matsouka认为，给予给她带来了快乐，结合下文的“It brings me joy to share them.(分享它们给我带来了快乐。)”可知，分享她的织物给她带了快乐，由此可知，本文主要传达的是“给予比接受更好”的信息。故选B项。 Passage 2 （2025高三下·江苏省前黄中学·一模）Brice Christianson went to sporting events as a child and realized how inaccessible that world was for his deaf father. Recently, he stood 10 feet from National Hockey League (NHL)Commissioner (国家冰球联盟委员) Gary Bettman translating English into American Sign Language (ASL) for the annual league address at the Stanley Cup Final. Sign language interpreters have been present for national anthems (国歌), but this represented the NHL’s biggest step yet to make the stories around hockey available to the deaf and hard of hearing community. “We’re just scratching the surface,” said Christianson, now CEO for P-X-P, which specializes in making sports and entertainment more accessible for the deaf and hard of hearing. “Before, we always felt like we were lucky. Like I felt like we were lucky to be here ... but now I feel like we belong.” “Fans are diverse, and deaf and hard of hearing people belong among them,” said Christianson as he interpreted ASL into English for his business partner Jason Altmann. Having Christianson there to interpret for Bettman is one branch of the league’s diversity and inclusion initiatives. Melissa Parnagian, NHl manager of growth strategies and social impact, knows the deaf and hard of hearing people are usually not the first group considered in that department, but has spoken plenty with Christianson and Altmann about what would help and be needed. “What they emphasized to us is that a lot of what you can see in gameplay is easy to capture, but a lot of the sort of commentary (实况报道) and the business of the game, the culture of the game — the off-ice stuff is often what gets lost because it’s less visual,” said Parnagian. The National Association of the Deaf applauded the NHL for the move. CEO Howard Rosenblum called it another milestone and said, “We hope that this momentum (势头) leads to full access everywhere, including visibility on television broadcasts.” Christianson’s goal is to help normalize sign language interpreters and make it “automatic” for teams and leagues to use them at major events. 25．What motivated Christianson to advocate sign language in sports? A．The business potential in the field. B．The problems his deaf father encountered. C．His desire to become a sign language interpreter. D．His wish to improve the quality of commentary in sports. 26．What is probably the main focus of Christianson’s organization, P-X-P? A．Raising public awareness of helping the deaf. B．Promoting diversity and inclusion in sports events. C．Providing sign language interpreters for public events. D．Enhancing the visual experience of sports broadcasts. 27．What does Parnagian mainly talk about in paragraph 8? A．The overlooked aspects of gameplay. B．The importance of visual culture. C．The dominant culture of the game. D．The social impact of the game. 28．What is Rosenblum’s view on the NH’s move? A．Grateful. B．Dismissive. C．Tolerant. D．Sympathetic. 【答案】25．B 26．C 27．A 28．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了布莱斯·克里斯蒂安森致力于在体育赛事中推广手语，以帮助聋哑人和听力障碍者更好地参与和享受体育赛事的故事。 25．细节理解题。根据第一段“Brice Christianson went to sporting events as a child and realized how inaccessible that world was for his deaf father. (布莱斯·克里斯蒂安森小时候去参加体育赛事，意识到聋哑父亲很难接触这个世界。)”可知，是克里斯蒂安森聋哑的父亲在体育赛事中遇到的问题促使他在体育领域倡导手语。故选B。 26．推理判断题。根据第四段“...Christianson, now CEO for P-X-P, which specializes in making sports and entertainment more accessible for the deaf and hard of hearing. (……克里斯蒂安森现在是P-X-P的首席执行官，该公司专门致力于让聋哑人和听力障碍者更容易接触体育和娱乐。)”可推知，克里斯蒂安森的组织P-X-P可能的主要关注点是为公共活动提供手语翻译。故选C。 27．主旨大意题。根据第八段“What they emphasized to us is that a lot of what you can see in gameplay is easy to capture, but a lot of the sort of commentary (实况报道) and the business of the game, the culture of the game — the off-ice stuff is often what gets lost because it’s less visual,” said Parnagian. (他们向我们强调的是，你在比赛中能看到的很多东西很容易捕捉到，但很多解说、比赛的业务、比赛的文化——冰场外的东西——往往因为缺乏视觉效果而丢失,Parnagian说。)”可知，帕纳吉安在第8段主要讲的是比赛中被忽视的方面。故选A。 28．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The National Association of the Deaf applauded the NHL for the move. CEO Howard Rosenblum called it another milestone and said, “We hope that this momentum (势头) leads to full access everywhere, including visibility on television broadcasts.” (美国全国聋人协会对NHL的这一举措表示赞赏。首席执行官霍华德·罗森布卢姆称这是又一个里程碑，并表示“我们希望这一势头能推动各地都能全面接触，包括在电视广播中的可见度”。)”可知，罗森布卢姆希望这一势头能推动各地都能全面接触，包括在电视广播中的可见度，由此可推知，他对NHL此举是持支持的态度。故选D。 主题01 人与自我——认知与感悟 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·江苏省徐州市铜山区·期中）“Thank you for applying for the position,” the email read. “Your application has not been successful. We wish you every success in securing a suitable position in the future.” I received the email 2 weeks after an interview. When I read it, I felt disappointed and angry. I’d spent hours preparing for the interview and in the end, I didn’t even know why I wasn’t successful! “How can I adapt my job search approach if I don’t know what went wrong?” The value of that kind of feedback (反馈) became obvious to me a few months later. After applying for a job at a consulting company, I spent months working my way through the interview process before getting a phone call. “Unfortunately, we decided to offer the job to someone else,” the voice said. Again, the feeling I got from that rejection email appeared. But the conversation wasn’t over. “Would you like to hear feedback from us?” the company representative asked. The representative went on to tell me I hadn’t clearly shown my motivation for applying for the position and why I wanted to work for the company. The feedback was tough to hear. But I quickly realized they were right. After completing my Ph. D．in Germany, my top priority had been to find a position in Poland. So I wasn’t very selective about what I had applied for. The job at the consulting company was something I could do, but I didn’t feel passionate about it — and that was clearly shown in the interview process. From then on, I only pursued the jobs that I was passionate about. In my applications, I also began stating more clearly why I wanted that job. Soon the approach paid off. I got an offer for a postdoc position in Poland that I was truly excited about. Now, when early-career scientists interview for positions in my lab, I keep that experience in mind. If they don’t get the position, I will tell them why and what they can do to improve their job applications going forward. 1．What did the author expect to read in the rejection email? A．Reasons for failure. B．Useful guidelines. C．Encouraging words. D．Sincere apologies. 2．How did the author feel when receiving the call at first? A．Embarrassed. B．Discouraged. C．Nervous. D．Guilty. 3．What made the author lose a second chance to land a job? A．His inexperience in consulting. B．An overstatement of his capability. C．His lack of passion for the position. D．His bad performance in the interview. 4．Which words can best describe the author as a postdoc? A．Devoted and ambitious. B．Knowledgeable and modest. C．Courageous and warm-hearted. D．Responsible and thoughtful. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在求职过程中的一些经历和感悟。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“I’d spent hours preparing for the interview and in the end, I didn’t even know why I wasn’t successful! “How can I adapt my job search approach if I don’t know what went wrong?” (我花了几个小时准备面试，但最后我甚至都不知道为什么没有成功！如果我不知道哪里出了问题，我该如何调整我的求职策略呢？)”可知，作者希望在被拒绝的求职信中得到失败的原因，故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Again, the feeling I got from that rejection email appeared (又一次，那封拒绝邮件给我的感觉又出现了)”以及第二段“When I read it, I felt disappointed and angry (当我读它的时候，我感到失望和愤怒)”可知，作者在接到电话的时候，首先感到失望，故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“The representative went on to tell me I hadn’t clearly shown my motivation for applying for the position and why I wanted to work for the company. The feedback was tough to hear. But I quickly realized they were right. After completing my Ph. D. in Germany, my top priority had been to find a position in Poland. So I wasn’t very selective about what I had applied for. The job at the consulting company was something I could do, but I didn’t feel passionate about it—and that was clearly shown in the interview process. (该代表接着告诉我，我没有清楚地表明我申请该职位的动机，以及我为什么想为该公司工作。这些反馈让人难以接受。但我很快意识到他们是对的。在德国完成博士学位后，我的首要任务是在波兰找到一份工作。所以我对我申请的东西并不是很挑剔。咨询公司的工作是我可以做的，但我对它没有热情——这在面试过程中表现得很明显。)”可推理出，作者丢掉第二个工作机会的原因是缺乏对所申请职位的热情，故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Now, when early-career scientists interview for positions in my lab, I keep that experience in mind. If they don’t get the position, I will tell them why and what they can do to improve their job applications going forward. (现在，当职业早期的科学家面试申请我的实验室的职位时，我会记住那次经历。如果他们没有得到这个职位，我会告诉他们原因以及他们可以做些什么来改进今后的工作申请。)”可推理出作者有责任心且虑事周到，故选D项。 Passage 2 （2026高三上·江苏省南京市鼓楼区南京市第二十九中学·月考）This year, my two oldest sons asked me to sign them up for piano lessons. For certain reasons, I decided it would also be a good time for me to take up the piano again, after 30 years. As a child, I learned not just the piano, but the cello. I played in two orchestras and sang in the school choir. No one forced me to do any of it, but it wasn’t quite a free choice either. When you are the approval-addicted daughter of an over-invested mother, no one needs to apply force. My mom and I were well matched partners in the dance of unspoken expectation and approval-seeking. I did her forcing for her. For my mother, my musical industriousness wasn’t so much about achievement as identity. She was American by birth, and after marrying my university professor father and moving to London, she spent a decade working to be accepted into the impatient, fraught world of British intellectual society. In this environment, a diligent daughter lugging a giant cello was a tiny amount of cultural capital, a ticket to belonging. As much as anything could, music made me into the person my mother needed me to be, so that she could be the person she needed to be, in order to escape who she actually was. And for my part, although I never truly believed that my mother’s love was conditional, I did have the suspicion that there was a performance-related bonus in there. It was foolish to think that taking up the piano at the same time as my own children would be emotionally uncomplicated. Or perhaps the complication was exactly why I sought it out. Somehow, the piano lessons turn me into both my childhood self, seeking my mother’s approval, and into my mother herself, putting the same high expectations on my own children. My mother was lucky in that I was temperamentally (性情地) suited to the role she assigned me. My sons are not so much so. They are rambunctious and restless, not wired for lengthy sessions of sitting still and reflecting well on me. Unconditional love may be at the defining heart of parenthood, but sometimes it can feel impossible to accommodate unconditional love to the worldly practices of day-to-day parenting. The whole job seems set up for conditionality: It would be dishonest to pretend that we have no stake in wanting our children to reflect our own values and preferences. I’m disappointed when my sons won’t play their role in the script I have written for them, but deep down, I’m also a little thrilled. They are maddeningly, gloriously resistant to the pressure. A secret part of me is delighted by their raging demands for full personhood — beyond my projections and hopes and fears. By the life they claim. 5．The underlined sentence in paragraph two means ______. A．the author demanded to learn musical instruments out of pure love B．the author forced her mum to sign her up for piano lessons against her will C．the author’s mom pushed her to learn musical instruments for her own sake D．the author offered to learn musical instruments to obtain her mom’s approval 6．The author’s mother think of the author’s musical industriousness as ______. A．a symbol more of family achievement than of social identity B．a way for her to fit into the British intellectual society at that time C．proof of her ability to be a qualified mother in front of her husband D．a result of her selfless cultivation more than the author’s own diligence 7．Which of the following is TRUE from the author’s perspective? A．She doesn’t care about her sons’ levels of playing musical instruments. B．She has a mixed feeling towards her sons’ reluctance to practise musical instruments. C．She feels sorrowful because her sons are unlikely skilled at playing musical instruments. D．She is still convinced that her sons could be as talented on musical instruments as she was. 8．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A．Can Musical Talents Really be Inherited? B．Can We Really Force Our Children to Love Music? C．Can We Really Love Our Children Unconditionally? D．Can Playing Instruments Help Us Fit into Intellectual Society? 【答案】5．D 6．B 7．B 8．C 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从自己的经历讲述了对于父母无条件的爱的看法。 5．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段划线处上句“When you are the approval-addicted daughter of an over-invested mother, no one needs to apply force. My mom and I were well matched partners in the dance of unspoken expectation and approval-seeking. (如果你是过度投入的母亲的女儿，那么没有人需要使用武力。在无言的期待和寻求认同的舞蹈中，我和妈妈是非常般配的一对。)”可知，作者主动提出学习乐器以获得母亲的认可。故选D。 6．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“For my mother, my musical industriousness wasn’t so much about achievement as identity. She was American by birth, and after marrying my university professor father and moving to London, she spent a decade working to be accepted into the impatient, fraught world of British intellectual society. (对我母亲来说，我在音乐上的勤奋与其说是成就，不如说是身份。她出生在美国，在嫁给我的大学教授父亲并搬到伦敦后，她花了10年的时间努力工作，以便被英国知识分子社会这个不耐烦、充满忧虑的世界所接受。)”可知，作者的母亲认为作者在音乐上的勤奋是她融入当时英国知识界的一种方式。故选B。 7．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“I’m disappointed when my sons won’t play their role in the script I have written for them, but deep down, I’m also a little thrilled. (当我的儿子们不能在我为他们写的剧本中扮演他们的角色时，我很失望，但在内心深处，我也有点激动。)”可知，作者对于儿子们不愿练习乐器，一方面是失望，另一方面是激动，作者的心里感受是复杂的。故选B。 8．主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“And for my part, although I never truly believed that my mother’s love was conditional, I did have the suspicion that there was a performance- related bonus in there. (对我来说，虽然我从来没有真正相信我母亲的爱是有条件的，但我确实怀疑其中有与表现相关的好处。)”可知，作者从自己的学习乐器的经历讲述了对于父母无条件的爱的看法。C项：Can We Really Love Our Children Unconditionally? (我们真的能无条件地爱我们的孩子吗？)合乎题意。故选C。 主题02 人与社会——文化传承 Passage 1 （2025·江苏南通·一模）More than three centuries after she made an adventurous transatlantic voyage to study butterflies, a rare copy of the hand-coloured masterwork by the great naturalist and artist Maria Merian is returning to Amsterdam. Metamorphosis of the Suriname is one of the most fascinating (有吸引力的) books in natural history. It included some 60 richly coloured plates illustrating the different stages of development that she had observed in Suriname’s insects. Metamorphosis of the Suriname is a work of art and scientific scholarship. Merian recorded the local names of plants and insects she studied. In contrast to other European naturalists, she credited local people with helping her discover the colony’s wildlife, although didn’t name individuals. Born in 1647 in Frankfurt, Germany, Merian learned to paint in her artist father’s workshop, and became fascinated by silkworms, moths and butterflies. At that time, insects were believed to spring forth magically from mud, waste and plant matter in a process known as “spontaneous generation”. While Merian was not the first to show the transformation from egg to adult insect, her artistic talents helped to bring this message to a wider audience. The pioneering work of Merian was celebrated for its scientific accuracy and for bringing a new standard of precision to scientific illustration. In 1691, Merian moved to Amsterdam and opened her own studio. She worked as an independent artist and prepared specimens for a growing market of collectors. In Amsterdam, Merian had access to some of the finest natural history collections in the world. As she associated with famous scholars, physicians and botanists, ideas for her own voyage of discovery began to take shape. At 52, she embarked on (开始) a self-funded voyage to Suriname, driven by curiosity about the lives of insects. Her image would be dismissed as a fantasy. In the 18th century, people responded: “that’ s what you get when you send a woman to tropical places. She probably made that up”. But scientists later confirmed her findings. The spider plate was a very good example of how Merian worked. She was a really good observer. 9．What do we know about Metamorphosis of the Suriname? A．It won a book award for art. B．It listed the names of local helpers. C．It recorded Merian’s transatlantic voyage. D．It was based on Merian’s own observations. 10．What was the significance of Merian’s work? A．It had extremely high artistic value. B．It was the first natural history book. C．It shaped our understanding of insects. D．It introduced a creative research theory. 11．What inspired Merian’s idea of a personal journey to Suriname? A．Her encounter with noted scientists. B．Her ambition to expand her business. C．Her dream to travel around the world. D．Her curiosity about the lives of insects. 12．What can be inferred about nature study in Merian’s time? A．It lacked convincing evidence. B．It was conducted in tough places. C．It was considered the domain of men. D．It greatly improved women’s social status. 【答案】9．D 10．C 11．A 12．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了伟大的博物学家和艺术家玛丽亚・梅里安（Maria Merian）进行了一次充满冒险的跨大西洋之旅以研究蝴蝶，三个多世纪后，她的一本手绘彩色杰作的稀有副本正回归阿姆斯特丹。《苏里南昆虫变态图谱》是自然历史领域最具吸引力的书籍之一。文章同时讲述了梅里安的生平以及她做出的贡献。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Metamorphosis of the Suriname is one of the most fascinating (有吸引力的) books in natural history. It included some 60 richly coloured plates illustrating the different stages of development that she had observed in Suriname’s insects.( 《苏里南昆虫变态图谱》是自然史上最引人入胜的书籍之一。它包括大约60个色彩丰富的盘子，说明了她在苏里南观察到的昆虫的不同发展阶段。)” 可知，《苏里南昆虫变态图谱》是基于梅里安自己的观察（It was based on Merian’s own observations），书中有大约60幅色彩丰富的插图，描绘了她在苏里南观察到的昆虫的不同发育阶段。故选D项。 10．推理判断题。根据第三段中“At that time, insects were believed to spring forth magically from mud, waste and plant matter in a process known as “spontaneous generation”. While Merian was not the first to show the transformation from egg to adult insect, her artistic talents helped to bring this message to a wider audience. The pioneering work of Merian was celebrated for its scientific accuracy and for bringing a new standard of precision to scientific illustration.( 当时，人们相信昆虫会神奇地从泥土、废物和植物物质中冒出来，这一过程被称为“自然发生”。虽然梅里安不是第一个展示从卵到成虫转变的人，但她的艺术才华有助于将这一信息带给更广泛的观众。梅里安的开创性工作因其科学准确性而闻名，并为科学插图带来了新的精确标准。)”可知，当时人们认为昆虫是通过“自然发生”从泥土、废物和植物物质中神奇地产生的，而梅里安的开创性工作以其科学准确性和为科学插图带来新的精确标准而受到赞誉，她的艺术才能让更多人了解到昆虫从卵到成虫的转变，说明她的作品塑造了我们对昆虫的理解（It shaped our understanding of insects），故选C项。 11．细节理解题。根据第四段中“In Amsterdam, Merian had access to some of the finest natural history collections in the world. As she associated with famous scholars, physicians and botanists, ideas for her own voyage of discovery began to take shape. At 52, she embarked on (开始) a self-funded voyage to Suriname, driven by curiosity about the lives of insects.( 在阿姆斯特丹，梅里安可以接触到一些世界上最好的自然历史收藏品。当她与著名学者、医生和植物学家交往时，她自己的发现之旅的想法开始成形。52岁时，出于对昆虫生活的好奇，她自费前往苏里南。)”可知，在阿姆斯特丹，梅里安接触到了世界上一些最好的自然历史收藏，当她与著名学者、医生和植物学家交往时，她自己的探索之旅的想法开始成形，所以是她与著名科学家的接触（Her encounter with noted scientists）激发了她去苏里南的想法。故选A项。 12．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Her image would be dismissed as a fantasy. In the 18th century, people responded: “that’ s what you get when you send a woman to tropical places. She probably made that up”.( 她的形象会被认为是一种幻想。在18世纪，人们回答说：“这就是你把一个女人送到热带地区所得到的。”这可能是她编造的。”)”可知，在18世纪，人们认为派一个女人去热带地区得到的结果可能是编造的，这暗示在梅里安那个时代，自然研究被认为是男性的领域（It was considered the domain of men）。故选C项。 Passage 2 （2025高三下·江苏省苏锡常镇·一模）Nadine Grimm’s A Grammar of Gyeli opens with a moving quote honoring ancestors: “For our ancestors who have left us - may we keep their wisdom.” This sets the tone for her study of the Gyeli language in Ngòló, a small village in southern Cameroon, rich in culture and hidden knowledge. In her prize-winning work, Grimm displays the essence of the Gyeli language, spoken by the Bagyeli people, who are sometimes called “Pygmies.” The grammatical description, which is presented in a form-to-function approach, covers all levels of language, ranging from Gyeli speech sounds to its information structure and complex sentences. Her path to studying African languages began by chance during her Bachelor’s degree in General Linguistics and French. She had an unexpected opportunity to work with a professor in Nigeria, which led to her first African language conference and started her interest in African languages. Grimm’s research includes deep fieldwork, such as recording conversations and joining in everyday activities with the Bagyeli. At first, she used assistants to communicate due to language barriers, but as her understanding grew, she began talking directly with the speakers. This method differs from traditional ones, focusing on real language use rather than simple word-for-word translations. The importance of reference grammars like Grimm’s becomes clear in light of the global problem of disappearing languages. With 50-90% of the world’s languages at risk, documenting languages like Gyeli is essential. “When languages die, we lose entire knowledge systems,” Grimm says. Her work not only records the Gyeli language but also adds to the understanding of endangered Bantu languages in general. It represents one of the most comprehensive descriptions of a northwestern Bantu language. For her efforts, Grimm was awarded the 2023 Bloomfield Book Award from the Linguistic Society of America. A single Bloomfield Book award is made annually to recognize “a volume that makes an outstanding contribution of long-term value to the understanding of language and linguistics.” Grimm’s work was praised for adding audio and video recordings that improve reliability in language research. 13．Why did Grimm write A Grammar of Gyeli? A．To keep a knowledge system. B．To honor her ancestors. C．To record the tone of Gyeli. D．To satisfy her interest in languages. 14．What do we know about the Gyeli language? A．It is endangered. B．It is simple in structure. C．It has to be studied in a form-to-function approach. D．It functions differently from other Bantu languages. 15．Why does the author mention Bantu languages? A．To highlight their importance. B．To illustrate the problem of disappearing languages. C．To emphasize the urgency of protecting them. D．To demonstrate the value of Grimm’s study. 16．What contributed most to the success of Grimm’s research? A．Her work with a professor in Nigeria. B．Her ability in learning a new language. C．Her relationship with the Bagyeli people. D．Her unique and reliable research method. 【答案】13．A 14．A 15．D 16．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Nadine Grimm对Gyeli语言的研究及其重要性。 13．推理判断题。根据第一段“Nadine Grimm’s A Grammar of Gyeli opens with a moving quote honoring ancestors: “For our ancestors who have left us - may we keep their wisdom.” (Nadine Grimm的A Grammar of Gyeli以一段纪念祖先的感人语录开场：“为了离开我们的祖先——愿我们保留他们的智慧。”)”可知，Grimm写A Grammar of Gyeli是为了保持一个知识体系。故选A。 14．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“The importance of reference grammars like Grimm’s becomes clear in light of the global problem of disappearing languages. With 50-90% of the world’s languages at risk, documenting languages like Gyeli is essential. (鉴于全球语言消亡这一严峻问题，Grimm等参考语法著作的重要性便显而易见。全球有50%至90%的语言面临消亡风险，因此，记录诸如Gyeli这样的语言至关重要。)”可知，Gyeli语是濒临灭绝的，故选A。 15．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Her work not only records the Gyeli language but also adds to the understanding of endangered Bantu languages in general. It represents one of the most comprehensive descriptions of a northwestern Bantu language. (她的工作不仅记录了Gyeli语，还增进了人们对濒危Bantu语整体的理解。这代表了对西北Bantu语最全面的描述之一。)”可知，作者提到Bantu语是为了证明Grimm的研究的价值。故选D。 16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Grimm’s work was praised for adding audio and video recordings that improve reliability in language research. (Grimm的工作因增加了音频和视频记录而受到赞扬，这些记录提高了语言研究的可靠性。)”可知，她独特而可靠的研究方法促成了她研究的成功。故选D。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $