Unit 6 Section Ⅱ Starting out & Understanding ideas(Ⅱ)-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册五维课堂教师用书word

本讲义聚焦太空探索主题，系统梳理核心词汇（如notion, hazardous, shuttle）、短语（set foot on, become accustomed to）及经典句式（动词不定式作定语、no matter how引导的让步状语从句），通过词汇精讲、句式分析构建学习支架，衔接基础检测与能力提升练习，形成完整知识脉络。 该资料以航天主题整合语言知识，通过词汇拓展（如unexceptional的词形变化）、句式仿写（如不定式作定语的佳句仿写）培养语言能力，结合完形填空语篇训练提升思维品质，基础检测与能力提升练习助力学生课后查漏补缺，体现学科特色教学方法，兼顾课中教学与课后巩固。

Section Ⅱ　Starting out & Understanding ideas(Ⅱ) [重点单词] 1．notion n．概念；观点；看法 2．hazardous adj.危险的，不安全的 3．shuttle n．航天飞机 4．excursion n．(有特定目的的)短途出行 5．rekindle v．重新激起，重新唤起 6．shadow n．坏影响，阴影 7．scream v．(因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫 8．unexceptional adj.平常的→unexceptionally adv.毫无例外 9．tragically_adv. 悲惨地，不幸地→tragic adj.悲剧的；悲惨的 10．instantaneously_adv.瞬间地→instantaneous adj. 瞬间的；即刻的 [重点短语] 1．set_foot_on_进入，访问，参观(某地) 2．become/_get_accustomed_to(doing_sth.)习惯于(做)某事 3．go_wrong　出现问题；发生故障 4．tune_in　 收看(电视节目)，收听(收音机广播节目) 5．go_into_shock 陷入震惊 6．cast_a_shadow_on给……蒙上阴影 [经典句式] 1. 句式呈现 She planned to give two 15­minute lessons from orbit: the first to demonstrate the controls of the spacecraft and explain how gravity worked, and the second to describe the objectives of the Challenger programme. 她计划在“挑战者”号沿轨道运行时讲两节课，每节15分钟。第一节课要展示航天器的操控装置，并解释一下引力是如何发挥作用的；第二节课要讲述“挑战者”号太空计划的目的。 句式分析 句中to demonstrate...gravity worked为动词不定式作定语，修饰the first；to describe ...programme为动词不定式作定语，修饰the_second。 佳句仿写 I'm very honored to have the opportunity_to_invite_you_to_take_part_in_our music festival. 能有机会邀请你参加我们的音乐节，我非常荣幸。 2. 句式呈现 The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem. “挑战者”号的牺牲召唤着、提醒着我们，不管星空看起来多么遥不可及，我们都要持之以恒地去探索。 句式分析 本句是主从复合句。句中reminding us...为现在分词作状语，其中that引导宾语从句；no matter how引导让步状语从句。 佳句仿写 However_carefully_I_explained，she still didn't understand. 无论我解释得多么仔细，她还是没弄懂。 [词汇精讲] 1．become accustomed to 习惯于(做)某事 (教材P62)Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969，people have become accustomed to the notion of space travel. 自从1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆斯特朗首次登月以来，人们已习惯于太空旅行这个概念。 ◆[佳句感知] Initially，she had to get accustomed to living in new surroundings. 起初，她不得不习惯于生活在新的环境中。 [知识积累] (1)be/grow/get accustomed to(doing)sth.习惯于(做)某事 ＝get/be used to(doing)sth.习惯于…… (2)accustom vt.使习惯于 accustom sb./oneself to(doing) sth.使某人/自己习惯于(做)某事 ◆[学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①I was accustomed to being(be)the only child at a table full of adults. ②She had not yet become accustomed to_the fact that she was a rich woman. ③He quickly accustomed himself(he) to the new way of life. (2)一句多译/句式升级 我必须尽快地适应新的工作。 ④I must_get_accustomed_to_the_new_job as soon as possible. ⑤I must_accustom_myself_to_the_new_job as soon as possible. ⑥Because he was accustomed to climbing the steep mountain，he had no difficulty reaching the top. →Accustomed_to_climbing_the_steep_mountain，he had no difficulty reaching the top.(升级为过去分词作状语) 2．unexceptional adj.平常的 (教材P62)Following the Moon landings，space travel rapidly became unexceptional to the public, as innovations succeeded each other. 登月后，随着新事物接连出现，宇宙航行迅速成为公众眼中的寻常之事。 ◆[佳句感知] Since then，Michael has lived an unexceptional life. 自那以后，迈克尔过着平淡的生活。 [知识积累] (1)unexceptional adj.平常的 (2)exceptional adj.杰出的；罕见的 (3)exception n．例外 no exception 不例外 without exception毫无例外；无一例外 ◆[学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①This deadline will be extended only in exceptional (exception)circumstances. ②The problem of environmental protection affect all countries，and China is no exception(except)． ③You must all take the examination without exception. (2)完成句子 ④Nobody had much money at the time and I_was_no_exception. 那时候谁都没有很多钱，我也不例外。 3．witness v．目击；证明；见证 n．目击者，见证人；证人 (教材P62)But this was going to be no ordinary excursion，and millions of people tuned in to witness the take­off on TV. 然而这将不是一次普通的航行，数百万人打开电视，共同见证这次发射。 ◆[佳句感知] The 21st century witnesses the rapid development of information technology. 21世纪见证着信息技术的快速发展。 [知识积累] be(a) witness to sth.看见(某事发生)；为……提供证据 bear/give witness to sth.为……作证，证明 ◆[学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①Police have appealed for witnesses (witness)to come forward and tell them the truth. ②His good health is a witness_to the success of the treatment. (2)佳句写作 ③I bore/gave_witness_to_his innocence，which I thought was right. 我证明了他的无辜，而且我认为这样做是对的。 ④The_past_decades_has_witnessed the great changes of our great country. 过去的几十年见证了我们伟大国家的巨大变化。 4．shadow n．坏影响；阴影 (教材P62)It was the most disastrous space accident ever，and it cast a shadow on people's hearts. 这是有史以来最惨烈的航天事故，给人们心里蒙上了阴影。 ◆[佳句感知] Don't let today's disappointment cast a shadow on tomorrow's dreams. 别让今天的失望给明天的梦想带来了阴影。 [知识积累] cast a shadow/shadows on 给……蒙上阴影 in/under the shadow of sth.　在某事的阴影下 in sb.’s shadow＝in the shadow of sb.在某人的光环之下 ◆[学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①The accident cast a shadow on the safety of the fast expanding subway network. ②These people have been living for years under the shadow of fear. (2)完成句子 ③As a child, the strange shadow that trees throw on cast_a_shadow_on him. 小时候树在湖上投下了奇怪的影子给他的心理蒙上阴影。 ④Kate grew up_in_the_shadow_of_her film star sister. 凯特是在她当电影明星的姐姐的光环下长大的。 5．take one's place 得到应有的社会地位，名副其实；就位，入座；代替，替换 (教材P63 )It has now been over 30 years since the loss of Challenger and although the lives of its crew were cut tragically short, they take their place alongside the other heroes of space exploration，such as Gagarin, Tereshkova, Armstrong and Yang Liwei. “挑战者”号失事至今已有30多年了。虽然“挑战者”号的机组人员英年早逝，但他们与加加林、捷列什科娃、阿姆斯特朗和杨利伟等进行太空探索的英雄们一道，都在历史上占有一席之地。 ◆[佳句感知] He is ready now to take his place as one of the fastest swimmers in history. 现在，他已经准备好成为历史上最快的游泳运动员之一了。 [知识积累] take place发生，进行 in place of代替 in place在工作，准备就绪；在正确位置，准备妥当 in the first place(用于句首)第一 out of place位置不当；不得体，不适当 ◆[学以致用] (1)用place的相关短语完成句子 ①Everything seems to be in_place for a successful peace conference. ② Tom was on business，so Mary was in_place_of him to arrange the meeting which would_take_place in their company. ③“Please take_your_places，everyone，”said John.“From now on，I will_take_the_place_of_Mr Wang as the chairman of the meeting.” ④She couldn't attend the meeting so her assistant took_her_place. (2)词汇升级 ⑤John is ill and I want to know who is going to replace him. →John is ill and I want to know who will take the place of him/take his place/be in place of him. [经典句式] 1．句式提炼：动词不定式作定语 (教材P62)She planned to give two 15­minute lessons from orbit：the first to demonstrate the controls of the spacecraft and explain how gravity worked，and the second to describe the objectives of the Challenger Programme. 她计划在“挑战者”号沿轨道运行时讲两节课，每节15分钟。第一节课要展示航天器的操控装置，并解释一下引力是如何发挥作用的；第二节课要讲述“挑战者”号太空计划的目的。 [句式分析]　句中 to demonstrate...和 to describe...为 to do 不定式作定语，分别修饰the first 和the second。 ◆[佳句感知] He is always the first to bear hardships and the last to enjoy comforts. 他总是吃苦在前，享乐在后。 [知识积累] 英语中常用不定式短语作后置定语的情况： (1)被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时； (2)抽象名词way，chance，ability，courage，opportunity，wish等后常用不定式作定语； (3)被修饰词前有the only，the very，the next等词对其进行修饰时。 ◆[学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①In 1931，Addams became the first American woman to_win (win) the Nobel Peace Prize. ②There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts _to_contact_(contact) you failed. ③She has only a little room to_live (live) in. ④The ability to_express_(express) an idea is as important as the idea itself. (2)完成句子 ⑤I can speak fluent English and I_am_the_first_student_in_my_class_to_go_abroad_for_further_study. 我能说一口流利的英语，我是班上第一个出国深造的学生。 ⑥I_have_the_ability_to_keep_the_class_in_order because the experience of being a monitor for many years has made me a brilliant organizer. 我有能力使班级秩序井然，因为多年当班长的经验已经使我成为一个优秀的组织者。 2．句式提炼：no matter how引导的让步状语从句 (教材P62)The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem. “挑战者”号的牺牲召唤着、提醒着我们，不管星空看起来多么遥不可及，我们都要持之以恒地去探索。 [句式分析]　本句是主从复合句。句中no matter how 引导让步状语从句。 ◆[佳句感知] No matter how old you are，you can sign up for the match. 无论你有多大，你都可以报名参加这场比赛。 [知识积累] (1)no matter how/when/where引导让步状语从句，相当于however，whenever，wherever。 (2)whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句；在引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。 (3)“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，可放在主句前或主句后。 ◆[学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①No matter what you do，you should put your heart into it. ②No matter which road you take，it will lead you to the station. ③Whatever she says will not make any difference to our arrangements. (2)完成句子 ④Whenever/No_matter_when_you_need_help，I sincerely hope that you can get in touch with me without hesitation. 无论你何时需要帮助，我真诚地希望你能毫不犹豫地联系我。 ⑤However/No_matter_how_busy_I_am，I will spare some time every day to help the exchange students from the USA with Chinese and tell them more about our customs and traditions. 无论我多么忙，每天我都会匀出一些时间帮助来自美国的交换生学习汉语，并且告诉他们更多的中国习俗和传统。 ⑥Whoever_breaks_the_law will be punished. 任何人触犯法律都会受到惩罚。 [基础检测] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．It is required that your paper should be submitted(提交) by 10 March. 2．The love story between John F．Kennedy and his wife, Jackie, was tragically(悲惨地) cut short in 1963 by a sniper's(狙击手) bullet. 3．Production has been_suspended(暂停) while safety checks are carried out. 4．The notion(概念) of building brand personality is promoted by Starbucks as a part of company culture. 5．He went to an unexceptional(寻常的) state school, not a fancy private one. 6．All of a sudden, her mother looked up, looking alarmed when she heard the_scream(尖叫)． 7．What makes the space shuttle(航天飞机) unique is that it takes off like a rocket but lands like an airplane. 8．Accustomed(习惯) to the climate and food in the village, the old couple prefer to live here for the rest of their life rather than move to the city. 9．It is ridiculous of you to be afraid of your own shadow(阴影), which follows everywhere you go when there is light. 10．The_crew(全体船员) had no choice but to abandon the burning ship. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．Being_accustomed (accustom) to speaking in public is what the position of sales director is required. 2．A well­written composition calls_for_the good choice of words and clear organization. 3．Julie was_suspended_(suspend)from her job shortly after the incident. 4．China made a commitment to peace and promised not to_launch(launch) war against other countries first. 5．—I'll go and see you off at the airport this afternoon. —Thanks, but the plane takes(take) off at 5：45, and you will be still working. 6．The accident happened shortly after the plane took off.What a tragedy(tragic)! 7．Recent research findings have_cast(cast) light on the origin of our universe, which has puzzled the scientific world. 8．Harry was inspired to_take(take) violin lessons when a friend of his father's played for him. 9．The workers agreed to call off the strike if the company would satisfy their demands. 10．Luckily, his father didn't get injured when the explosion(explode) happened at the chemical factory. Ⅲ.选词填空 set foot on，become accustomed to，be aware of，take off，tune in，be about to，a sense of，on board，cast a shadow on，take one's place 1．Just after he finished repairing, he was_aware_of his mistake right away. 2．This is the first time I have left my country and set_foot_on foreign soil. 3．The three great astronauts on_board will spend six months in space. 4．We have_become_accustomed_to_his way of speaking. 5．He took_off_at once and headed back to the motel. 6．More than six million youngsters_tune_in_to Blockbusters every day. 7．It makes me extremely angry that he has not turned up when the train is_about_to leave. 8．Mr Chen is ill today.I'll take_his_place to give you a lesson. 9．Don't let today's disappointment cast_a_shadow_on tomorrow's dreams. 10．Bringing up a child alone should give you a_sense_of_achievement. Ⅳ.完成句子 1．他回到家里， 又饿又累。(形容词作状语) He arrived home, hungry_and_tired. 2．我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。(宾语从句) We are talking about_whether_we_admit_students_into_our_club. 3．听到这个好消息， 他们都高兴得跳了起来。(现在分词作状语) Hearing_the_good_news,_they all jumped with joy. 4．当我出门时， 开始下雨了。(as引导时间状语从句) As_I_was_going_out,_it_began_to_rain. 5．与其他孩子在一起共度时光是一个孩子发展的重要部分，这是电脑所无法提供的。(动词­ing形式作主语) Spending_time_with_other_children is an important part of a child's development that cannot be provided by a computer. [能力提升] Ⅰ.完形填空 Space exploration has always been the province of ___1__： The human imagination readily soars where human ingenuity (聪明才智)struggles to follow.A Voyage to the Moon, often cited as the first science fiction story, was written by Cyrano de Bergerac in 1649.Cyrano was dead and buried for a good three centuries ___2___the first manned rockets started to fly.　 In 1961, when President Kennedy declared that America would send a man to the moon by the___3___ end, those words, too, had a dreamlike quality.They resonated with optimism and ambition in much the same way as the most famous ___4___ speech of all, delivered by Martin Luther King Jr.two years later.By the end of the decade, both visions had yielded concrete results and___5___American society.And yet in many ways the two dreams ended up ___6___each other.The fight for racial and economic equality is intensely pragmatic (讲求实用的)and immediate in its impact.The urge to explore space is just the opposite.It is figuratively and literally otherworldly in its ___7___. When the dust settled, the space dreamers lost out.There was no grand follow­up to the Apollo missions.The technologically compromised space shuttle program has just come to an end, with no___8___.The perpetual argument is that ___9___ are tight, that we have more pressing problems here on Earth.Amid the current concerns about the federal deficit, reaching toward the stars seems a dispensable luxury—___10___ saving one­thousandth of a single year's budget would solve our problems. But human ingenuity struggles on.NASA is developing a series of robotic probes that will get the most bang from a buck.They will serve as modern Magellans, ___11___out the solar system for whatever explorers follow, whether man or machine.On the flip side, companies like Virgin Galactic are plotting a bottom­up assault on the space dream by making it a reality to the public.Private spaceflight could lie within ___12___ of rich civilians in a few years.Another decade or two and it could go mainstream. The space dreamers end up benefiting all of us—not just because of the way they expand human knowledge, or because of the spin­off ___13___ they produce, but because the two types of dreams feed off each other.Both Martin Luther King and John Kennedy appealed to the idea that humans can ___14___what were once considered inherent limitations.Today we face seeming challenges in energy, the environment, health care.Tomorrow we will transcend these as well, and the dreamers will deserve a lot of the credit.The more evidence we collect that our species is ___15___greatness, the more we will actually achieve it. 1．A.dreamers　　　　　 B．explorers C．astronomers D．novelists 2．A.after B．before C．until D．while 3．A.year's B．quarter's C．century's D．decade's 4．A.inspiring B．public C．dream D．freedom 5．A.attacked B．industrialized C．transformed D．accessed 6．A.in conflict with B．in line with C．in common with D．keeping pace with 7．A.aims B．influences C．concerns D．terms 8．A.ancestor B．successor C．forefather D．advocate 9．A.situations B．securities C．funds D．schedules 10．A.just like B．on condition that C．as if D．so that 11．A.making B．figuring C．sweeping D．mapping 12．A.reach B．management C．control D．knowledge 13．A.productions B．chips C．technologies D．substitutes 14．A.go beyond B．go through C．go after D．go over 15．A.in ignorance of B．capable of C．proud of D．in favor of [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。作者认为太空探索一直是梦想家的领域， 它激发了人类的想象力和创造力。而人类的聪明才智也紧追不舍， 最终将人类送上了太空。 1．A　[考查名词辨析。句意：太空探索一直是梦想家的领域……A.dreamers梦想家；B.explorers探索者；C.astronomers天文学家；D.novelists小说家。根据后文“The human imagination readily soars where human ingenuity (聪明才智)struggles to follow.”可知，太空探索一直是梦想家的领域。故选A。] 2．B　[考查连词辨析。句意：在第一枚载人火箭开始飞行之前，塞拉诺已经死了并埋葬了整整三个世纪。A.after之后；B.before之前；C.until直到；D.while当……时候。根据常识和“buried for a good three centuries”可知，此处是指在第一枚载人火箭开始飞行之前，塞拉诺已经死了。故选B。] 3．D　[考查名词辨析。句意：1961年，当肯尼迪总统宣布美国将在十年内将人类送上月球时，这句话也带有一种梦幻般的意味。A.year年；B.quarter四分之一；C.century世纪；D.decade十年。根据“By the end of the decade”(在这个十年结束的时候)可知，此处是指在十年内将人类送上月球。故选D。] 4．C　[考查名词和形容词辨析。句意：这些演讲让人产生了乐观和雄心的共鸣，就像两年后马丁·路德·金发表的最著名的梦想演讲一样。A.inspiring鼓舞人心的；B.public公众；C.dream梦想；D.freedom自由。根据常识和“delivered by Martin Luther King Jr.”可知，此处是指马丁·路德·金发表的最著名的梦想演讲。故选C。] 5．C　[考查动词辨析。句意：到本世纪末，这两种愿景都产生了具体成果，改变了美国社会。A.attacked攻击；B.industrialized工业化；C.transformed改变；D.accessed使用。根据“The fight for racial and economic equality is intensely pragmatic (讲求实用的)and immediate in its impact.”可知，此处是指改变了美国社会。故选C。] 6．A　[考查介词短语辨析。句意：然而，在许多方面，这两个梦想最终却发生了冲突。A.in conflict with和……冲突；B.in line with符合；C.in common with与……一样；D.keeping pace with保持同步。根据“The urge to explore space is just the opposite.”可知，此处是指这两个梦想最终却发生了冲突。故选A。] 7．A　[考查名词辨析。句意：它的目的是比喻和字面上的超脱世界。 A．aims目的；B.influences影响；C.concerns担心；D.terms方面。根据“The fight for racial and economic equality is intensely pragmatic (讲求实用的)and immediate in its impact.”可知，此处是指探索太空的目的。故选A。] 8．B　[考查名词辨析。句意：技术上妥协的航天飞机计划刚刚结束，没有后续的计划。A.ancestor祖先；B.successor后续的事物；C.forefather祖先；D.advocate拥护者。根据“There was no grand follow­up to the Apollo missions.”可知，此处是指没有后续的计划。故选B。] 9．C　[考查名词辨析。句意：永恒的争论是资金紧张，我们在地球上有更紧迫的问题。A.situations情势；B.securities安全；C.funds资金；D.schedules日程。根据“Amid the current concerns about the federal deficit”(在当前对联邦赤字的担忧中)可知，此处是指资金紧张。故选C。] 10．C　[考查连词辨析。句意：在当前对联邦赤字的担忧中，向星星伸手似乎是一种可有可无的奢侈——好像节省一年预算的千分之一就能解决我们的问题。 A．just like就像；B.on condition that如果；C.as if似乎，好像；D.so that以便。根据“reaching toward the stars seems a dispensable luxury”可知，此处是指好像节省一年预算的千分之一就能解决我们的问题。故选C。] 11．D　[考查动词辨析。句意：他们将扮演现代麦哲伦的角色，为探险者绘制出太阳系的蓝图，无论他们追随的是人类还是机器。A.making制作；B.figuring计算；C.sweeping扫去，清除；D.mapping绘制地图。根据“the solar system”可知，此处是指绘制出太阳系的蓝图。故选D。] 12．A　[考查动词辨析。句意：几年后，私人太空飞行可能会成为富裕平民的囊中之物。A.reach范围；B.management管理；C.control控制；D.knowledge知识。根据“On the flip side, companies like Virgin Galactic are plotting a bottom­up assault on the space dream by making it a reality to the public.”可知，此处是指私人太空飞行可能会成为富裕平民的也能接触的事情。故选A。] 13．C　[考查名词辨析。句意：太空梦想家们最终使我们所有人受益，不仅仅是因为他们扩展人类知识的方式，或者因为他们生产的副产品技术，而是因为这两种梦想相互依存。A.productions产品；B.chips芯片，晶片；C.technologies技术；D.substitutes代用品。根据“they produce”可知，此处是指太空梦想家们生产的副产品技术。故选C。] 14．A　[考查动词短语辨析。句意：马丁·路德·金和约翰·肯尼迪都主张人类可以超越曾经被认为固有的局限性。A.go beyond超越；B.go through经历；C.go after追求；D.go over复习，重温。根据“what were once considered inherent limitations”可知，此处是指超越曾经被认为固有的局限性。故选A。] 15．B　[考查短语辨析。句意：我们收集的证据越多，表明我们的物种有能力做到伟大，我们就越能真正做到。A.in ignorance of忽视；B.capable of能够；C.proud of对……感到骄傲；D.in favor of赞成。根据“the more we will actually achieve it”可知，此处是指表明我们的物种有能力做到伟大。故选B。] Ⅱ.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China launched the Shenzhou Ⅺ manned spacecraft on Monday morning to transport two astronauts to the Tiangong Ⅱ space laboratory.The spacecraft ___1___(send) skyward at 7∶30 am atop a Long March 2F rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Northwest China，___2___(carry) two male astronauts—Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong.After the launch, the spacecraft will travel two days before docking with the Tiangong Ⅱ， ___3___was lifted from the Jiuquan center in mid­September.Then the astronauts will enter the space lab and stay there ___4___30 days, and it will be the longest space stay by Chinese astronauts. The core ___5___(task) of the Shenzhou Ⅺ mission are to test rendezvous and docking technologies for the country's ___6___(plan) space station, to verify the life­support capability of the spacecraft­space lab combination as well as conduct ___7___(science) research and test engineering experiments. China is ___8___third country in the world that has ___9___(independent) fulfilled manned spaceflight following the former Soviet Union and the United States and ___10___(it) space program aims to place a permanent manned space station, into service around 2022. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了神舟11号载人飞船成功发射，神舟11号载人飞船的核心任务及其重大意义。 1．was sent　[考查动词时态及语态。根据语境可知，此处为一般过去时，且飞船与发射(send)之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故填was sent。] 2．carrying　[考查非谓语动词。carry与主语The spacecraft之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，表主动，故填carrying。] 3．which　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导的是非限制性定语从句，定语从句缺少主语，先行词为Tiangong Ⅱ，故填which。] 4．for　[考查介词。然后宇航员将进入太空实验室，在那里呆30天。for后接一段时间，故填for。] 5．tasks　[考查名词的单复数。根据句子谓语动词are可知，神舟11号飞船的核心任务不是一个，故填tasks。] 6．planned　[考查非谓语动词。plan与space station之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，此处指“被计划好的空间站”，应使用plan的过去分词作前置定语，故填planned。] 7．scientific　[考查形容词。根据语境可知，此处指“开展科学研究”，修饰名词research，应使用science的形容词形式，故填scientific。] 8．the　[考查冠词。序数词前应加定冠词，故填the。] 9．independently　[考查副词。此处修饰动词fulfill，应使用independent的副词形式，故填independently。] 10．its　[考查代词。它的太空项目打算在2022年左右投入使用一个永久载人太空站。故填its。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $