Unit 5 Section Ⅱ Starting out & Understanding ideas(Ⅱ)-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册五维课堂教师用书word

本讲义围绕玛雅文明主题，系统梳理核心词汇（如intrigue, pyramid, megadrought等）、短语（correspond to, fall into ruin等）及经典句式（同位语从句、it作形式主语等），构建从词汇辨析（如bury的用法）、句式分析到语篇应用（完形填空、语法填空）的学习支架，形成“词汇-句式-语篇”递进式知识脉络。 该资料以玛雅文明为文化载体，将语言学习与跨文化认知结合，通过词汇精讲（如correspond的多义辨析）、句式仿写（如同位语从句仿写）提升语言能力，借助考古发现情境培养思维品质中的分析与推断能力。课中助力教师开展主题式教学，课后通过基础检测与能力提升练习帮助学生巩固知识，查漏补缺，兼具文化意识培育与语言技能训练双重价值。

Section Ⅱ　Starting out & Understanding ideas(Ⅱ) [重点单词] 1．intrigue v．(因奇特或神秘而)激起的……兴趣，引起……的好奇心 2．bury v．将……埋在下面 3．pyramid n．金字塔 4．canal_n．运河 5．cyclone_ n．气旋；旋风 6．megadrought n．超级干旱 7．downfall_n．衰败 8．ruin_n．残桓断壁，废墟 9．abandon v. 离奇，逃离 10．dismiss v．拒绝考虑，否定 11．civilisation_n．文明(社会)→civilize v. 使文明；使有教养 12．astronomy_n．天文学→astronomer n. 天文学家 13．tropical_adj.来自热带的；产于热带的→tropic n．热带 14．expansion_n．扩大；增加→expand v. 扩大；发展 [重点短语] 1．correspond_to 符合，与……相一致 2．apply...to... 把……运用到…… 3．on_top_of... 除……之外 4．at_sth.'s_peak/at_the_peak_of_sth.在……巅峰，在……高峰期 5．fall_into_ruin (因无人照料)而衰落；败落 [经典句式] 1. 句式呈现 The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious. 玛雅社会的科技水平十分原始，这一事实使得玛雅的种种成就更加令人难以置信、神秘莫测。 句式分析 本句是主从复合句。句中that引导同位语从句，对fact的内容进行解释。 佳句仿写 The news that_they_had_won_the_game_soon spread over the whole school. 他们赢得了比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。 2. 句式呈现 By changing the landscape in this way, it is possible that the Maya people unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters. 通过这样改变地貌，玛雅人可能在不知不觉中减弱了自己应对自然灾害的能力。 句式分析 本句是主从复合句。句中it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语。 佳句仿写 As high school students，it_is_necessary_that_we_should_take_a_good_rest. 对于高中生来说，好好休息是有必要的。 3. 句式呈现 Many scientists believe that these droughts were the main reason why Maya civilisation began to collapse at different rates in different places. 许多科学家认为，这些旱灾是玛雅文明在不同地方以不同速度衰落的主要原因。 句式分析 本句是主从复合句。句中that引导宾语从句；why引导定语从句，修饰先行词the main reason。 佳句仿写 The reason why_people_celebrate_the_Dragon_Boat_Festival_is_that they honor Qu Yuan，a great Chinese poet. 人们庆祝端午节的原因是为了纪念屈原，一位伟大的中国诗人。 [词汇精讲] 1．correspond v．相一致；符合；相当于；通信 (教材P50)Through comparison，he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars. 通过比较，他发现117座已知玛雅城市的位置和星象的位置是对应的。 ◆[佳句感知] The written record of the conversation doesn't correspond to what was actually said. 那次谈话的文字记录与原话不符。 [知识积累] (1)correspond with sb.与某人通信 correspond to相当于……；类似于…… correspond with/to与……一致；符合 (2)correspondence n．来往信件；通信联系 in correspondence with与……有通信联系；与……一致 ◆[学以致用] (1) 写出下列句子中correspond的汉语意思 ①My brother frequently corresponds with his pen­pals，who prefer drama and prose.通信 ②Your complicated account does not correspond with hers.相符合；相一致 ③The British job of Lecturer corresponds roughly to the US Associate Professor.相当于 (2)一句多译 只有当你言行一致时，你才能和其他人建立更好的关系。 ④You can make better relationships with others only when what_you_do_corresponds_with_what_you_say. ⑤Only_when_what_you_do_corresponds_with_what_you_say_can_you_make_better_relationships_with_others.(用倒装句改写) 2．spot v．发现；注意到n.斑点；污点；地点 (教材P50)Based on this，he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle. 基于此，他认为他发现了一座隐藏在丛林处的不为人知的玛雅城。 ◆[佳句感知] The next morning I'd just about given myself up for lost when I was spot by a ship. 第二天早上，我因为迷路正感到绝望的时候，一艘海船发现了我。 [知识积累] (1)spot sb.doing sth.发现某人正在做某事 be spotted with...满是……的斑点 (2)on the spot当场；立即；在现场 ◆[学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①It was by accident that I spotted a tailor with broad shoulders shouting(shout) to two servants in a rude manner. ②The policeman on duty caught a thief on the spot in my house，and in return，I bought a bunch of flowers for him. (2)佳句写作 ③Mac一发现一只凶恶的狼正在追他，就找出他的那罐防熊喷雾，并对着狼喷，试图把狼吓跑。 The_instant_Mac_spotted_a_fierce_wolf_chasing_after_him，he found out his can of bear spray and fired the spray at the wolf，trying to frighten the wolf away. 3．bury v．将……埋在下面 (教材P50)Based on this，he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle. 基于此，他认为他发现了一座隐藏在丛林处的不为人知的玛雅城。 ◆[佳句感知] Buried in her graduation paper，Mary has no time to do a part­time job. 专心于毕业论文，玛丽没有时间做兼职工作。 [知识积累] bury sth.in...把某物埋在…… bury oneself in＝be buried in埋头于，专心于 ◆[学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①After the volcanic eruption，many houses were_buried(bury) by ashes. ②The girl was sitting there，burying(bury) her face in her hands. ③Since his wife left，he has_buried(bury) himself in his work in order to forget all things about her. (2)一句多译 由于埋头于功课，他对外面的事情一无所知。 ④Burying_himself_in_his_lessons，he knew nothing about the outside world.(现在分词短语作状语) ⑤Buried_in_his_lessons，he knew nothing about the outside world.(过去分词短语作状语) 4．decline v．以……减少；下降；衰弱；衰退；谢绝；婉拒 n．(数量、价值、质量等的)减少，下降；衰退；衰落 (教材P51 )Yet，within just a couple of generations，it began to mysteriously decline. 然而，仅仅在几代之内，玛雅文明开始神秘地衰落。 ◆[佳句感知] The town fell into(a)decline after the mine closed. 这个镇在矿井关闭后开始衰落。 [知识积累] (1)decline to do sth.拒绝做某事 decline to 下降至；谢绝；婉拒 decline by 下降了 (2)on the decline 在走下坡路；在衰退中 decline and fall衰亡，衰败 in decline在衰退 sb.'s declining years某人的暮年；某人的晚年 ◆[学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①If you decline something or decline to_do(do)something，you politely refuse to accept it or do it. ②I offered to give them a lift，but they_declined(decline)． ③Industry in Britain has been_in_decline since the 1970s. ④He spent his_declining(decline) years in the country. (2)完成句子 ⑤I got_declined_once again，which made me at a loss. 我又一次被拒绝了，这让我不知所措。 ⑥The number of tourists to the resort declined_by_10% last year. 去年到这个胜地旅游的人数减少了10%。 5．claim v．声称，断言；夺去(生命)n.声明，断言；索款，索赔；所有权 (教材P51)When Europeans arrived in Central America in the early 16th century to claim its riches… 16世纪早期，欧洲人来到中美洲攫取财富时…… ◆[佳句感知] It is claimed that some doctors are working 80 hours a week. 据说，一些医生每周工作80个小时。 [知识积累] (1)It is claimed that...据说…… (2)make a claim for...对……提出要求 have claims on...对……有要求的权利/有所有权 ◆[学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①Did you claim on the insurance after the car accident? ②The company would not even consider his claim_for money. ③It_is_claimed(claim) that the new product can make you slim without dieting. (2)佳句写作 ④60% of the interviewees argue for rubbish classification and_claim_that_they_will_do_this_in_their_daily_life. 60%的受采访者支持垃圾分类并且声称他们也会在日常生活中这么做。 6．ruin n．毁灭，毁坏；废墟；遗迹v.毁坏；使破产 (教材P51)Its once­great cities fell into ruin，leaving various mysteries for later people to solve. 曾经恢宏的城市沦为废墟，留下各种谜团等待后人解开。 ◆[佳句感知] In terrible fifteen seconds a large city lay in ruins. 在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市沦为了废墟。 [知识积累] (1)be/lie in ruins 成为废墟 bring...to ruin使……毁灭；使……没落；使……破产 come/fall/go to/into ruin 灭亡；荒废 (2)ruin oneself 自取灭亡 ruin one's health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/名誉 ◆[学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①No matter how famous a brand is，it can be in_ruins(ruin)once it betrays the trust of consumers. (2)同义句转换/完成句子 ②It rained for five days, which completely ruined our holiday. →It rained for five days，completely_ruining_our_holiday.(用现在分词做状语改写) ③After the terrible earthquake, the_whole_city_fell_into_ruin. 在那场可怕的地震过后，整个城市沦为一片废墟。 7．abandon v．放弃；抛弃，舍弃；中止n.放任；放纵 (教材P52)But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities. 但最大的谜团是为何玛雅人抛弃了绝大部分的大城市。 ◆[佳句感知] From James's face，I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us. 从詹姆斯的脸上我能看出他非常恐慌，生怕被我们遗弃。 [知识积累] (1)abandon sb./sth.放弃某人/某物 abandon oneself to 陷入；沉湎于(某种情感) abandon doing sth.放弃做某事 with abandon 尽情地；放纵地 (2)abandoned adj.被抛弃的；被遗弃的；放纵的 ◆[学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①He abandoned asking(ask) for his guidance，which was beyond our expectations. ②My nephew abandoned himself to abusing(abuse) drugs and he couldn't make a commitment to his study. (2)句式升级 ③I abandoned myself to computer games.I performed extremely badly in the end­of­term examination. →Abandoning_myself_to_computer_games，I performed extremely badly in the end­of­term examination.(用现在分词短语作状语升级) →Abandoned_to_computer_games，I performed extremely badly in the end­of­term examination.(用过去分词短语作状语升级) 8．dismiss v．不予考虑，摒弃；去除，消除；解雇；开除；驳回 (教材P52)Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars，it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people. 尽管他的理论被学者们驳回，但它表明了古玛雅文明的秘密在人类中是多么强大。 ◆[佳句感知] Unfortunately，he was dismissed from the job and led a miserable life. 不幸的是，他被开除了，过着悲惨的生活。 [知识积累] dismiss from 解雇；开除 dismiss sth. from sth. 消除，摒除(思想、感情等) ◆[学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①It has been calculated that at least 47,000 employees were_dismissed(dismiss) last year. ②He was dismissed from_his job for inaction and incompetence. (2)完成句子 ③I gently patted him on the shoulder to dismiss_his_fears_from_his_mind. 我轻轻地拍了拍他的肩膀，消除了他的恐惧。 [经典句式] 1．句式提炼：同位语从句 (教材P50)The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious. 事实上，玛雅社会在技术上是原始的，这使得它的成就更加难以置信和神秘。 [句式分析]　本句为复合句。句中“that Maya...primitive”为that 引导的同位语从句，作fact的同位语。 ◆[佳句感知] The news that we will have one day off tomorrow is true. 我们明天休息一天的消息是真的。 [知识积累] 同位语从句的用法： (1)在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句，一般放fact，news，idea，truth，hope, problem, information，belief, thought，doubt，promise, question 等抽象名词的后面，对前面的名词做进一步的解释，说明前面名词的具体含义。 (2)引导同位语从句的连接词有从属连词that，whether；连接代词 who，what，which；连接副词 how，when，where，why 等。 ◆[学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother's birthday. ②I heard the news that_our team had won. ③The boy was not given a satisfying answer to his question where he came from. ④They are faced with a hard choice_whether they should stay for another day or return home at once. (2)佳句写作 ⑤The news that_they_had_won_the_game soon spread over the whole school. 他们赢得了比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。 ⑥There is no doubt_that_paper­cutting_is_one_of_Chinese_traditional_cultures. 毫无疑问，剪纸是中国的传统文化之一。 2．句式提炼：It＋be＋adj.＋that 引导的主语从句 (教材P51)By changing the landscape in this way，it is possible that the Maya people unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters.通过这种方式改变地貌，玛雅人可能在不知不觉中降低了他们应对自然灾害的能力。 [句式分析]　句中it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语。 ◆[佳句感知] It is obvious that，to some，the birth of a baby will be at the expense of their freedom. 很显然，对某些人来说，孩子的出生会使他们失去自由。 [知识积累] “It＋be＋adj.＋that 引导的主语从句”句型： (1)当that 引导的从句做主语时，为了保持句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，通常把它移到句子后面，用it做形式主语，放到句首。that 在句中仅起连接作用，不做成分，但不能省略。 (2)“It＋be＋adj.＋that 引导的主语从句”句型中常见的形容词有clear，obvious，evident，true，possible，certain，likely，probable 等。 [名师点津]　在句型“It is/was strange/important/necessary/essential...＋that从句”中，从句常用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词为“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。 ◆[学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ① It_is clear that sports can be beneficial to building our bodies. ②It is surprising that_electronics has rapidly developed in these years. ③It is strange that she (should_)fail(fail)to see her name on the list. (2)佳句写作 ④It_is_true_that this is a good chance for you to have a good knowledge of traditional Chinese culture. 的确，这是一个让你充分了解中国传统文化的好机会。 ⑤It_is_important_that_you_(should)_hand_in your article before 28th，June. 重要的是，你应在6月28日之前提交你的文章。 [基础检测] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Sometime in elementary school I developed an interest in science, and physics and astronomy(天文学) in particular. 2．They make the charcoal by burying(埋住，覆盖) wood in the ground and then slowly burning it. 3．The book is an expansion(增加，扩大) of a series of lectures given last year. 4．Her family was originally the royal descendants; they kept away from distinguished life due to the downfall(衰落) of the family. 5．Both China and Africa are cradles of human civilisation_(文明) and lands of great promise. 6．We should not_dismiss(不予考虑) as lies the incredible stories that children may tell us. 7．There's only the mountain in this direction, and higher up an old ruin(废墟), an abandoned castle. 8．The Hurricane Centre warns people not to take the threat of tropical(热带的) storms lightly. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．We spent a week visiting the wonders of ancient Greek civilisation(civilise)． 2．Since its introduction，the Beidou Navigation Satellite System has been applied to everyday life，from shared bikes to farming. 3．The earthquakes that happened recently around the globe leave us wondering(wonder) if there will be more trouble ahead. 4．He said he would call us as soon as he landed but we haven't_heard(hear) from him so far. 5．On the wall hang(hang) two pictures，which we bought during our trip to Yunnan. 6．Encouraged (encourage) by his parents and friends，he gained confidence to overcome the difficulties. 7．You must grow these_tropical (tropic) flowers in a glasshouse. 8．If you don't concentrate more on your work, you'll_be_dismissed(dismiss)． Ⅲ.选词填空 fall into ruins，all the more，a series of，turn into，at something's peak，on top of，(be)based on，correspond to 1．The dry climate of Egypt has helped to preserve the Pyramids，and their very shape has made them less likely to ________. 2．According to the tale，the tears of shark­people can ________ pearls. 3．________ it being dark，it rained，which made the going even tougher. 4．The written record of his conversation didn't ________ what was actually said. 5．Because of their courage and wisdom，we admire them ________. 6．He was arrested due to his connection with ________ armed bank robberies. 7．________ the above reasons，the company will be my first choice. 8．The accident took place at a time when the national tension was ________. 答案：1.fall into ruins　2.be turned into　3.On top of　4.correspond to　5.all the more　6.a series of　7.Based on　8.at its peak Ⅳ.完成句子 1．重庆人民为过去十年来他们所取得的成就感到骄傲。(what) People in Chongqing are proud of ________________________________. 2．《我和我的家乡》是一部非常有趣的电影，我们都喜欢看。(so...that...) My People，My Homeland is________________________________. 3．随着科技的发展，治疗癌症的方法终有一天能够被找到。(it作形式主语；possible) With the development of science and technology， ________________________________________________________________________ 4．无论付出什么代价，这座古建筑必须要保留。(whatever) ________________________，the ancient building must be preserved. 5．我们不应忽视教育很重要这一事实。(fact) We should not lose sight of ________________________. 6．如果您能抽出时间看一下随信附上的材料，我将不胜感激。(过去分词作定语) I would appreciate it if you could spare some time to see the material ________________. 答案：1.what they have achieved in the past ten years 2．so interesting a film that we all enjoy seeing it 3．it is possible that a cure for cancer will be found one day 4．Whatever the cost(is) 5．the fact that education is very important 6．attached to the letter [能力提升] Ⅰ.完形填空 Nine 1700­year­old brick tombs have been discovered in northwest China's Xinjiang.Experts say that they can___1___valuable clues for the research of exchanges(交换；交流) between the central Chinese government at that time and___2___Western Regions. It is the___3___time ancient tombs with typical characteristics of China's main Han nationality have been found in the Uygur ethnic region(自治区)． ___4___from Beijing, Shanxi and Xinjiang concluded that the tombs were___5___between the middle and late third century and fourth century. The tombs were unearthed during the___6___of a road earlier this year in Kuqa county, 740 km from Xinjiang's capital Urumqi and part of the___7___Qiuci State.Qiuci State, which___8___between the second century BC and 860 AD, was one of the 36 states in the Western Regions. The tombs would help archaeologists with research into the political, economic and cultural ___9___between the Central Plains government and states in the west, and on the cultural___10___of the Central Plains on the Western Regions. Archaeologists from the Xinjiang institute have dug nine tombs since August 22, ___11___bodies of more than 30 people, some ancient___12___and more than 60 pottery(陶器) jars.It is thought there are another three tombs to be___13___. The people buried in the tombs were___14___either people from the western regions deeply influenced by the Han culture or the Han residents(居民)in the ___15___. 1．A.tell　　　　　 B．provide C．show D．represent 2．A.nearby B．middle C．faraway D．few 3．A.second B．last C．first D．near 4．A.Scientists B．People C．Officials D．Archaeologists 5．A.built B．found C．buried D．studied 6．A.construction B．destruction C．digging D．repair 7．A.ancient B．big C．far D．near 8．A.appeared B．disappeared C．lies D．existed 9．A.exchanges B．businesses C．development D．studies 10．A.model B．atmosphere C．influence D．change 11．A.finding B．destroying C．studying D．protecting 12．A.paper B．silk C．pearls D．coins 13．A.moved B．dug C．studied D．picked 14．A.surely B．probably C．certainly D．nearly 15．A.west B．country C．region D．tomb [语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在中国西北的新疆发现了九座有1700年历史的砖砌古墓。 1．B　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：专家说，它们可以为研究当时的中央政府与遥远的西部地区之间的交流提供有价值的线索。A.tell告诉；B.provide提供；C.show展示；D.represent代表。 根据下文“valuable clues for the research of exchanges(交换；交流) between the central Chinese government”可知，它们可以为研究当时的中央政府与遥远的西部地区之间的交流提供有价值的线索。故选B项。] 2．C　[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：专家说，他们可以为研究当时的中央政府与遥远的西部地区之间的交流提供有价值的线索。A.nearby附近的；B.middle中间的；C.faraway遥远的；D.few很少的。根据“Western Regions.”可知，他们可以为研究当时的中央政府与遥远的西部地区之间的交流提供有价值的线索。故选C项。] 3．C　[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是维吾尔族自治区首次发现具有中国主要汉族典型特征的古墓葬。A.second第二的； B．last最后的；C.first第一的；D.near近的。这是维吾尔族自治区首次发现具有中国主要汉族典型特征的古墓葬。故选C项。] 4．D　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：来自北京、山西和新疆的考古学家得出结论，这些陵墓建于3世纪中后期至4世纪。A.Scientists科学家；B.People人；C.Officials 官员；D.Archaeologists考古学家。根据常识可知，考古是考古学家的工作。根据下文“Archaeologists”也是提示。故选D项。] 5．A　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：来自北京、山西和新疆的考古学家得出结论，这些陵墓建于3世纪中后期至4世纪。A.built建造；B.found 建立；C.buried埋葬；D.studied学习。根据“between the middle and late third century and fourth century.”可知，这些陵墓建于3世纪中后期至4世纪。故选A项。] 6．A　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些墓葬是今年早些时候在库车县修建公路时出土的，库车县距离新疆首府乌鲁木齐740公里，是古龟兹国的一部分。A.construction 建设；B.destruction破坏；C.digging挖；D.repair修理。根据“a road earlier this year in Kuqa county”可知，这些墓葬是今年早些时候在库车县修建公路时出土的。故选A项。] 7．A　[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些墓葬是今年早些时候在库车县修建公路时出土的，库车县距离新疆首府乌鲁木齐740公里，是古龟兹国的一部分。A.ancient古代的；B.big 大的；C.far 远的；D.near近的。根据“Qiuci State”可知，指古龟兹国。 故选A项。] 8．D　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：龟兹国存在于公元前2世纪至公元860年，是西部36个州之一。A.appeared出现；B．disappeared 消失；C.lies位于； D．existed存在。根据“between the second century BC and 860 AD”可知，龟兹国存在于公元前2世纪至公元860年。故选D项。] 9．A　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些墓葬将有助于考古学家研究中原政府与西方国家之间的政治、经济和文化交流，以及中原文化对西部地区的影响。A.exchanges交换；B.businesses商业；C.development发展；D．studies学习。根据上文“valuable clues for the research of exchanges(交换；交流)”可知，这些墓葬将有助于考古学家研究中原政府与西方国家之间的政治、经济和文化交流，以及中原文化对西部地区的影响。故选A项。] 10．C　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些墓葬将有助于考古学家研究中原政府与西方国家之间的政治、经济和文化交流，以及中原文化对西部地区的影响。A.model模特；B.atmosphere气氛；C.influence影响；D.change改变。根据“the Central Plains on the Western Regions.”可知，这些墓葬将有助于考古学家研究中原政府与西方国家之间的政治、经济和文化交流，以及中原文化对西部地区的影响。故选C项。] 11．A　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：自8月22日以来，新疆考古研究所考古人员共挖掘了9座墓葬，发现了30多具尸体，其中一些是古币，还有60多个陶罐。据说还有三座坟墓要挖。A.finding找到；B.destroying破坏； C．studying学习；D.protecting 保护。根据常识可知，挖掘古墓一定会发现一些东西。故选A项。] 12．D　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：自8月22日以来，新疆考古研究所考古人员共挖掘了9座墓葬，发现了30多具尸体，其中一些是古币，还有60多个陶罐。据说还有三座坟墓要挖。A.paper纸；B．silk丝绸；C.pearls珍珠；D.coins货币。根据语境和常识可知，考古过程会发现古币。故选D项。] 13．B　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：自8月22日以来，新疆考古研究所考古人员共挖掘了9座墓葬，发现了30多具尸体，其中一些是古代文物，还有60多个陶罐。据说还有三座坟墓要挖掘。A.moved移动；B．dug挖掘； C．studied 学习； D．picked采摘。根据“Archaeologists from the Xinjiang institute have dug nine tombs since August 22”可知，还有三座坟墓要挖掘。故选B项。] 14．B　[考查副词词义辨析。句意：墓葬中埋葬的可能是深受汉文化影响的西域人，也可能是当地的汉族居民。A.surely确定地；B．probably可能地； C．certainly确定地；D.nearly几乎。根据常识可知，考古就是在解密，所以墓葬中埋葬的可能是深受汉文化影响的西域人，也可能是当地的汉族居民。故选B项。] 15．C　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：墓葬中埋葬的可能是深受汉文化影响的西域人，也可能是当地的汉族居民。A.west西；B．country国家；C.region区域； D．tomb坟墓。根据上文“either people from the western regions”可知，墓葬中埋葬的可能是深受汉文化影响的西域人，也可能是当地的汉族居民。故选C项。] Ⅱ.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Great Pyramid was built nearly 5,000 years ago for a king___1___ (call) Khufu.It is on the west bank of the Nile River.___2___(Actual), all the pyramids along the Nile River are on its west bank.The ancient Egyptians thought of the rising of the sun as the beginning of life and the___3___(set) of the sun as the end of life.This is why their bodies__4___(bury) on the west of the Nile. ___5___ is very hard to realize how big the Great Pyramid is.It has over 2,300,000 pieces of stones, most of___6___weigh two and a half tons.Some even weigh fifteen tons.Without machinery, the ancient Egyptians cut, moved ___7___lifted these stones.Almost all the stones came___8___the east bank of the Nile, and they were taken across the river in boats.It took more than 100,000 people twenty years___9___(build) the Great Pyramid. The Great Pyramid is over 450 feet high today.Each of the ___10___(side) of the Pyramid is 755 feet long.It is about twenty­minute walk all the way around it. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了埃及金字塔的修建背景、过程和影响。 1．called　[考查非谓语动词。句意：大金字塔是大约5000年前为一个叫胡夫的国王建造的。分析句子结构可知，此处用非谓语形式作后置定语，因call与king之间为被动关系，故填called。] 2．Actually　[考查副词。句意：事实上，所有沿着尼罗河的金字塔都在它的西岸。此处用副词作状语，actually 意为“事实上”，故填Actually。] 3．setting　[考查名词。句意：古埃及人认为日出是生命的开始，日落是生命的结束。根据其前冠词the和其后的定语of the sun可知，此处需要名词，the setting of the sun指“日落”，故填setting。] 4．were buried　[考查动词的时态和语态。句意：这就是他们的尸体被埋在尼罗河西岸的原因。根据上下文语境可知，此处应用过去时态，又因their bodies和动词bury之间为被动关系，故填were buried。] 5．It　[考查固定句型。句意：很难想象大金字塔有多大。本句构成It is＋形容词＋不定式结构，其中It为形式主语，不定式做真正主语，故填It。] 6．which　[考查定语从句。句意：它有超过230万块石头，大部分重达2.5吨。分析句子结构可知，主句中stones为先行词，指物，在其后的从句中作most of的宾语，用which。most of which在定语从句中作主语，故填which。] 7．and　[考查连词。分析句子结构可知，此处用and连接数个谓语动词cut，moved和lifted，表顺承关系，故填and。] 8．from　[考查介词。句意：几乎所有的石头都是从尼罗河东岸运来的，都是用船运过河的。come from...为固定搭配，意为“来自于”，故填from。] 9．to build　[考查固定句型。句意：建造大金字塔花了十多万人二十年的时间。本句考查It takes/ took (sb.) some time to do sth.意为“做某事花费(某人)时间”，后跟不定式，故填to build。] 10．sides　[考查名词的单复数。句意：金字塔的每一侧面都有755英尺长。由于该名词由each of修饰，故应用复数形式，故填sides。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $