Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Starting out & Understanding ideas(Ⅱ)-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册五维课堂教师用书word

本讲义聚焦高中英语核心词汇、短语及经典句式，系统梳理forehead、potential等重点词汇的词形转换与语境应用，take a deep breath、end up等短语的搭配规律，以及独立主格结构、强调句型等语法点，构建从基础词汇到复杂句式再到综合应用的学习支架。 该资料以语言能力培养为核心，通过词汇精讲中的词形转换（如enterprising→enterprise）和语境例句，提升学生语言理解与表达能力。经典句式分析结合仿写练习（如独立主格结构“Weather permitting...”），培养学生分析与创造的思维品质。基础检测与能力提升分层设计，课中辅助教师精准教学，课后助力学生自主查漏补缺，强化学习能力。

Section Ⅱ　Starting out & Understanding ideas(Ⅱ) [重点单词] 1．forehead n．额，前额 2．blank_adj.无表情的，木然的 3．dizzy adj.头晕目眩的 4．chairwoman n．女主席；女会长 5．sunrise_n．日出(时分)；黎明；拂晓 6．potential n．(事物的)潜力，可能性 7．bug_n．突然的兴趣，迷恋 8．input n．投入(物) 9．obstacle n．障碍，阻碍，妨碍 10．phase n．阶段，时期 11．cosmetics n．化妆品，美容品 12．purchase v. 购买 13．bonus n．奖金；红利 14．entrepreneurial adj.创业的，具有创业精神的 15．enterprising adj.有创业精神的；有事业心的；有进取心的→enterprise n．公司；事业；创业；事业心，创业精神 16．manufacturer n．制造商；制造公司，制造厂→manufacture vt.制造，生产；加工；从事制造n. 大量制造；批量生产 17．distribution n．(商品的)分销，经销→distribute v. 分发；配销；分配 18．guidance n．指导，引导→guide n．导游；指南vt.带领；引导；为……领路 19．consultant n．顾问→consult v．咨询；商量；查阅 [重点短语] 1．take_a_deep_breath_深呼吸 2．turn...into...……使……变成 3．end_up_最终成为 4．give_sth.back_to_将某物归还，将某物送回 5．be_bitten_by_sth.对某事物着迷，热衷于某事物 6．in_the_hope_of...抱着……的希望 7．rush_into(_doing)_sth.仓促行事，匆忙行事 8．access_to...获得/使用的机会 [经典句式] 1. 句式呈现 They stared back, their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next. 他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人根本看不出他们接下来会说什么。 句式分析 句中their blank faces giving no clue为独立主格结构。 佳句仿写 Weather_permitting，we will go out for an outing. 如果天气允许，我们会出去远足。 2. 句式呈现 Surrounded by roses as she was growing up, she paid them little attention. 她从小到大，到处都是玫瑰，她很少注意到它们。 句式分析 本句是主从复合句。句中Surrounded by roses 为过去分词短语作状语。 佳句仿写 Seen_from_the_top_of_the_high_building,_the park looks even more beautiful. 从高楼的顶部来看，这个公园看起来更加美丽了。 3. 句式呈现 It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents that Zhang realised the potential. 直到她结束海外留学生活，回国看望父母时，才意识到这里的潜力。 句式分析 本句为It is/was＋被强调部分＋that...的强调句型结构。 佳句仿写 It_is_our_teacher_who/that_helps us make great progress. 正是我们的老师帮助我们取得了巨大的进步。 [词汇精讲] 1．struggle vi.斗争；努力；挣扎n.斗争；努力；挣扎 (教材P38)Feeling dizzy，Zhang Yue took a deep breath as she struggled to finish her presentation... 张悦感到一阵眩晕，做了个深呼吸，然后努力完成她的陈述…… ◆[佳句感知] 　He has been struggling to succeed in his business.＝He has been struggling for success in his business. 为了事业成功，他一直努力奋斗着。 [知识积累] struggle for　　　　　为……而斗争 struggle with 与……斗争；与……并肩作战 struggle against 为反对……而斗争；与……斗争 struggle to do sth. 努力做某事 struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来 ◆[学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①We should struggle to_overcome_(overcome) our shortcomings. ②Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against/with debt and misfortune. ③In the wild，some animals have developed partnerships to help in the struggle for survival. (2)句式升级 ④Mary had struggled for months to find a job，and finally took a position at a local advertising agency. →_Having_struggled_for_months_to_find_a_job，Mary finally took a position at a local advertising agency.(分词作状语) 2．potential n．潜力；潜质；可能性adj.潜在的，可能的 (教材P38)It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents that Zhang realised the potential. 直到她结束海外留学生活，回国看望父母时，才意识到这里的潜力。 ◆[佳句感知] 　It's important to dig out a child's potential in creation. 挖掘出一个孩子在创造方面的潜力是很重要的。 [知识积累] (1)have the potential to do sth.有做某事的潜力 realise sb.'s potential 意识到某人的潜力/潜质 potential for (doing)sth.(做)某事的可能性 (2)potential customers 潜在的客户 a potential source of conflict 潜在的冲突根源 ◆[学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①The meeting has the potential to_be(be) a turning point in history. ②The European excellent offers marketplace potential for increasing sales. (2)完成句子 ③He has_the_potential_to_become a world­class musician. 他有潜力成为一名世界级的音乐家。 3．purchase v．购买n.购买，采购 (教材P39)After I went on TV，a major Asian manufacturer of cosmetics was willing to purchase my product and help with its distribution. 我上了电视后，一家亚洲大型化妆品制造商表示愿意购买我的产品并且帮忙分销。 ◆[佳句感知] 　You can purchase the equipment from the local supplier. 你可以从当地的供应商处购买这种设备。 [知识积累] (1)purchase sth.from...从……处购买某物 (2)make a purchase 采购 the purchase of sth.采购某物 ◆[学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①Sam made a_purchase of potato chips and soda at the convenience store on his way home. ②The new couple spent some money on the purchase of_the furniture necessary for their new house. ③What makes me excited is that tickets may be_purchased(purchase)in advance from the box office. (2)完成句子 ④She worked all summer to save money for the_purchase_of_a_piano. 她整个夏天都在工作，为了存钱买一架钢琴。 4．distribution n．(商品)分销，经销，运销；分配，分布 (教材P39)After I went on TV，a major Asian manufacturer of cosmetics was willing to purchase my product and help with its distribution. 我上了电视后，一家亚洲大型化妆品制造商表示愿意购买我的产品并且帮忙分销。 ◆[佳句感知] 　The government guaranteed the timely distribution of food and medicines to the flood victims. 政府保证及时向遭受洪灾的灾民分发食品和药物。 [知识积累] distribute vt.分配，分发；分销；使分布 distribute...to...　　把……分给…… distribute...among...　在……中分发…… ◆[学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①This species of butterfly is widely distributed (distribute) all over our country. ②Thousands of soldiers are working to distribute food and blankets_to_the refugees. ③Please distribute the examination papers among the class. (2)完成句子 ④The prizes will_be_distributed_among_five_winners. 奖品将在五名获胜者之间分发。 5．guidance n．指导；引导 (教材P39)Though she welcomes the new entrepreneurial spirit, she advises that people be realistic and seek guidance from expert consultants before rushing into things. 尽管她希望看到新的创业精神的涌现，但她也建议他们要现实一些，在仓促行事之前先寻求专业顾问的指导。 ◆[佳句感知] 　I determined to study harder in return for your regular guidance. 我决定更努力地学习，以回报你的定期指导。 [知识积累] (1)under the guidance of＝under sb's guidance　在某人的指导下 (2)guide n．导游；指南vt.带领；引导；为……领路 a guide to...　……的指南/入门书 guide sb.to/around/through...　 带领某人到/参观…… ◆[学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①There is a guide_to North American birds in the hall.If possible，please take it for me. ②All the activities take place_under the guidance of an experienced tutor. (2)完成句子 ③The guide guided_us_around_the_gallery，pointing out the most famous painting in the collection. 导游带领我们参观了画廊，指着收藏中最著名的画。 ④Under_the_guidance_of_the professor，I finished my graduation paper ahead of time. 在教授的指导下，我提前完成了毕业论文。 [经典句式] 1．句式提炼：独立主格结构 (教材P38)They stared back，their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next. 他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人根本看不出他们接下来会说什么。 [句式分析]　本句中，“their blank faces giving no clue...”为独立主格结构，在句中做状语，其结构为“名词＋现在分词”。 ◆[佳句感知] 　“But I have cheated my grandmother，” said she，tears of guilt flowing down her cheeks. 她说：“可是我已经欺骗了我奶奶”，脸颊上流下了内疚的泪水。 [知识积累] 独立主格结构的用法： 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，它独立存在。该结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。常见的独立主格结构： 名词/代词＋ [名师点津]　独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它常在句中作状语，与with复合结构的作用相同。 ◆[学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①So much homework_to_do (do)，I have to stay at home instead of going shopping with my friends. ②The guide leading (lead) the way，we had no trouble getting out of the forest. ③Her glasses broken (break)，she couldn't see any words on the blackboard. (2)完成句子/句式升级 ④Tom threw himself into his mother's arms，tears_of_shame_and_embarrassment_welling_up_in his eyes. 汤姆扑倒在他母亲的怀里，羞愧和尴尬的泪水在他的眼中涌出。 ⑤He was listening attentively in class，and his eyes were fixed on the blackboard. →He was listening attentively in class, his_eyes_fixed_on_the_blackboard.(独立主格结构) 2．句式提炼：“It＋is/was＋被强调部分＋that...”的强调句型 (教材P38)It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents that Zhang realised the potential. 直到她结束海外留学生活，回国看望父母时，才意识到这里的潜力。 [句式分析]　本句为“It＋is/was＋被强调部分＋that...”的强调句型。其被强调部分为only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents。 ◆[佳句感知] 　It is with your generous help that I firmly believe that I will adapt to the college life as soon as possible. 正是在你的慷慨帮助下，我坚信我会很快适应大学生活的。 [知识积累] 强调句型的基本结构为“It＋is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他”该句型可对主语、宾语、状语等进行强调，但不能强调谓语和定语。 (1)强调句的基本句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分。 (2)强调句的一般疑问句：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分。 (3)强调句的特殊疑问句：疑问词(被强调部分)＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他部分。 (4)not...until...结构的强调句型：It is/was not until...that... [名师点津]　(1)记住句式结构，不管强调人或物都可用that；强调人时可用who。 (2)强调句与定语从句的区别：强调句的特点：去掉it is/was和that/who后句子结构完整，意义清楚。时间、地点状语前是否有介词是判断这两种句式的关键。例如： It was in the shop that I met an old friend of mine.(强调句型) It was the shop where I met an old friend of mine.(定语从句) ◆[学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house that we saw a lady sitting in the passenger seat. ②It was my sister who/that helped me out when I was in trouble. (2)佳句写作/句式升级 ③We believe that_it_is_by_making_use_of_recyclable_garbage_that_we_can_save_resources_and_protect_the_environment. 我们相信正是通过利用可循环利用的垃圾，我们能够节省资源，保护环境。 ④Although the present isn't worth much，I value it very much.From my point of view/In my view，it's_the_love_contained_in_it_that_really_counts. 尽管这个礼物不值钱，但我非常珍惜它。在我看来真正重要的是其中所包含的爱。(续写升华) ⑤I didn't realize knowledge is valuable until I had another failure in my job­seeking. →Not until I had another failure in my job­seeking did_I_realize_knowledge_is_valuable.(用倒装句升级) →It_was_not_until_I_had_another_failure_in_my_job­seeking_that I realized knowledge is valuable.(用强调句升级) [基础检测] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Steam, water and ice make up the three_phases(阶段)of the same matter. 2．The new supermarket announced that the first to purchase(购买) goods on the opening day shall get a big prize. 3．I had to change my attitude about their ability and_potential(潜力)． 4．She kissed the baby on its forehead_(前额)with her cold white lips. 5．She became so_dizzy(头晕目眩的) and she had to be hospitalized. 6．My mind was blank(木然的) and I couldn't remember her name. 7．She was rewarded for her efforts with a cash bonus(奖金)． 8．A lack of qualifications can be a major obstacle(障碍) to finding a job. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．This is a place where roses grow wild. 2．She is not the only young person to_have(have) been bitten by the start­up bug. 3．Lead is potentially (potential) damaging to children's health. 4．Career counsellors offer impartial advice，guidance(guide) and information to all pupils. 5．A consultant(consult) doctor yesterday said health service problems are worse in the North of England. 6．Some enterprising(enterprise) members found ways of reducing their expenses or raising their incomes. 7．Please remain seated(seat)until the aircraft has come to a halt. 8．The map shows the distribution(distribute) of this species across the world. 9．Feeling(feel) dizzy，he took a deep breath. 10．You could end up running(run) this company if you play your cards right. Ⅲ.选词填空 meet with，as to，be bitten by the bug，a world away from，contribute to，in the hope of，row upon row，start out 1．She was never interested in fitness before but now she ________________. 2．No one has come up with a definitive answer ________________ why this should be so. 3．The tiny house where he was born was ________ ________ his new luxurious house. 4．The city has changed greatly；there are ________ ________ of skyscrapers. 5．The company ________ with 30 employees. 6．This paper analyses the causes of some errors ________________ improving students' ability of English writing. 7．My schedule is quite flexible.I can arrange ________________ you any day next week. 8．Relaxing by whatever method that suits you best is a positive way of ________________ your good health. 答案：1.is bitten by the bug　2.as to　3.a world away from　4.row upon row　5.started out　6.in the hope of　7.to meet with　8.contributing to Ⅳ.完成句子 1．人们往往会怀疑用相对低的价格购买的画作是不是真品。(过去分词作后置定语；purchase) People tend to doubt whether the paintings ________________________________ are authentic. 2．因为这是他自公司成立后的第一笔交易，他既紧张又兴奋。(独立主格结构) ________________________________，he is nervous and excited. 3．正是在他读了这些文件之后，他才意识到这个任务极难完成。(强调句) ________________________________ he realized the task was extremely difficult to complete. 4．如果你想同时做很多事，那么你有可能最终一件事也没做成。(end up) If you want to do many things at the same time，you will probably ________________________. 5．手机支付十分便捷，那就是为什么现在越来越少的人使用现金。(that is why...) It's very convenient to pay by mobile phone，and ________________________. 6．真正重要的是我们每个人都有自己的梦想、目标和渴望。(matter；名词性从句) ________________________ that we all have our own dreams，goals and desires. 答案：1.purchased at a relatively low price 2．This being his first deal after the company was founded 3．It was after he read these documents that 4．end up achieving nothing 5．that is why fewer and fewer people use cash nowadays 6．What really matters is [能力提升] Ⅰ.完形填空 I wasn't prepared for the way I felt when my 18­year­old son, Dylan, left for Asia during his winter break. I was ___1___ the moment he first told my husband Michael and me that he wanted to use some of his ___2___ to travel around China.We were excited for him to explore the world.We told him that traveling was one of the best ways to spend his money and the ___3___ would last a lifetime. On the morning of Dylan's departure, he put a few more things into his bag.Before he and Michael ___4___ to the airport, I yelled, “ Be safe, and ___5___ when you arrive in Shanghai.” That night while he was flying somewhere over the Pacific Ocean, it hit me that Dylan was really on his ___6___.I woke hourly, each time ___7___ the clock and counting the hours before he would land the following morning.___8___ my decision to let him go alone, I prayed and thought about all the things that could go ___9___.Then I heard for him.The first text said he'd arrived.The second text said his luggage didn't make it. Feeling anxious, I madly attempted to ___10___ his luggage.To search for lost baggage, I persuaded him to go back to the airport and suggested he go to the airline's office.My efforts ___11___.All the while Dylan was texting me he was all right. After that, there was no more ___12___ about lost luggage.I knew that he'd figure it out, and that the life lesson would be ___13___. After several days into the trip, Dylan sent a photo from Hong Kong.“I thought I could never study abroad anywhere but Europe, ___14___ I could definitely do it here，” his note read. And I was ___15___. 1．A.thrilled　　　　　 B．worried C．eager D．upset 2．A.skills B．savings C．relations D．friends 3．A.costs B．virtues C．items D．memories 4．A.gave off B．saw off C．pulled away D．ran away 5．A.write B．call C．text D．email 6．A.behalf B．feet C．mind D．own 7．A.mending B．checking C．setting D．winding 8．A.Convincing B．Doubting C．Admitting D．Denying 9．A.wrong B．wild C．smooth D．bad 10．A.bring down B．turn down C．settle down D．track down 11．A.failed B．worked C．paid D．lost 12．A.presentation B．talk C．appearance D．rumor 13．A.awful B．unbearable C．deep D．worthless 14．A.or B．so C．and D．but 15．A.in despair B．at a loss C．at peace D．in reality [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了儿子独自一人去中国旅行的经历，虽然出了点事，但却学到了一些东西，从而让作者感到安心。 1．A　[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：迪伦第一次告诉我丈夫和我想用他的一些节省的钱来环游中国，那一刻我很激动。thrilled非常兴奋的，极为激动的；worried担忧的，担心的；eager渴望的，热切的；upset悲伤的。第2和第3小题中间有提示“We were excited for him to explore the world.”，thrilled和excited是同义词复现。故选A。] 2．B　[考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。skill技巧，技能；savings储蓄；relations关系；friends朋友。出去旅行就是花钱的，分析四个选项只有saving储蓄，故选B。] 3．D　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们告诉他，旅行是使用他的钱的最好方式之一，而且记忆将持续终生。costs费用，成本；virtue美德，德行；items条目，物质项目；memories记忆。分析语境可知，旅行中的许多事，会让我们一生记忆的。故选D。] 4．C　[考查动词短语辨析。句意：在他和Michael一起驾车去机场之前，我大声喊道：“一定要注意安全，到了上海发信息给我。”give off发出；放出；saw off送行；pulled away(车)开动；ran away逃跑。根据下文的to the airport可推断，儿子和丈夫离开家，开车去机场。故选C。] 5．C　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：到了上海发信息给我。write写信；call打电话；text发短信，发讯息；email邮件。因为下文“The first text...The second text”可知是发信息。故选C。] 6．D　[考查短语辨析。句意：我突然想到迪伦真的是独自一个人。on behalf of代表；on foot步行；on one's mind在心中；on one's own独自地；独立地。on one's own，固定短语，“独立地，独自地”，根据上文可知，儿子是独自旅行。故选D。] 7．B　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：我每小时醒来一次。看一下钟，数着第二天早上他着陆前的时间。mend修理；check检查，核对；see看见；wind给……上发条。分析句子可知是儿子在外旅行，做母亲的不时地核对时间看是否飞机着陆了。故选B。] 8．B　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：我怀疑我让他一个人去旅行的决定(是否正确)，我祈祷着，想着所有可能出错的事情。convince说服，使相信；doubt怀疑；admit承认；deny否认。分析语境可知，我想象是否可能会出事，故怀疑自己让他独自去的决定，而且后面的行李的丢失，也说明作者的预感有不好的事发生。故选B。] 9．A　[考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。go wrong出错，出事，有问题；go wild发狂；go smooth顺利；go bad(某物)坏了。分析语境可知作者担心儿子在外会出事，而且后面的“行李的丢失”就是提示，故选A。] 10．D　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：我感到焦虑，发疯似地试图追踪他的行李到哪了。bring down降价；turn down拒绝；settle down定居，使安定下来；track down追寻。分析语境可知是，行李丢了，因此追踪行李的地点，寻找丢失的行李，故选D。] 11．A　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的努力失败了。fail失败；work起作用；pay付出，付款；lose丢失，迷失。根据空后一句“All the while Dylan was texting me he was all right.”可知，Dylan用短信告诉“我”，他一切都好。据此可知，他会自己解决好行李问题，由此可以判断，“我”的努力没有起作用。fail“失败”，符合语境。故选A。] 12．B　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：那之后，再没有谈论丢失的行李。presentation陈述，报；talk谈论；appearance出现；rumor谣传，传说。根据下文中的“I knew that he'd figure it out”可知，“我”知道他会自己解决好行李问题。据此可以判断，在此之后就没有关于行李问题的讨论了。talk about固定短语“谈论某事/人，谈到某事/某人”。故选B。] 13．C　[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我知道他会明白的，生活的教训会很深刻的。awful糟糕的，可怕的；unbearable难以忍受的，经受不住的；deep深的，深远的；worthless无价值的，不值钱的。根据儿子独自旅行时自己解决行李丢失的问题可知，我知道这一人生课程会是非常深刻的。故选C。] 14．D　[考查连词词义辨析。句意：旅行了几天之后，迪伦从香港发了一张照片，上面写道“我以为除了欧洲以外，我不愿出国到任何地方学习，但我肯定能在这里学习。”or或者；so因此；and并且；but但是。由句意可知前后两句是转折，要用but，故选D。] 15．C　[考查介词短语辨析。句意：我平静下来。in despair绝望地；at a loss不知所措，困惑；at peace处于和平状态，处于平静的状态；in reality实际上，事实上。根据上文可知，数天后Dylan从香港发来了照片，并考虑在那里留学。据此可以判断，得到此消息后，我平静了下来。故选C。] Ⅱ.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入正确的关系词。 More than 70 percent of king penguins could___1___ (wipe) out by rising ocean temperatures, according to a recent survey. Their total population of 1.6 million today could be reduced by more than 1.1 million by 2100.___2___， many people are optimistic because these statistics show that the birds are not endangered at present.___3___(rate) as “of least concern”， they occupy the lowest category of extinction risk. But that could change as their fish ___4___ (supply) move further into the Southern Ocean, where there is only a ___5___(hand) of islands to provide a home for the birds. King penguins require remote islands ___6___ are not too cold, have no winter sea ice and no fierce animals.If they have to swim more than 435 miles on a round trip to hunt for fish, their waiting children can starve to death as their fat reserves become steadily ___7___ (few)．It can take a parent three months ___8___ (deliver) fish to its young. The scientists, from the University of Strasbourg in France, whose study ___9___ (publish) in the journal Nature Climate Change so far, warn that the effects of fish population moving further south could give rise ___10___ a large population crash of the penguins. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。据一项研究调查表明，超过70%的帝企鹅会因海洋温度上升而灭绝。 1．be wiped　[考查动词的语态。此空和could一起构成句子的谓语，主语More than 70 percent of king penguins和动词短语wipe out之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用被动语态(be done)，could＋动词原形，应用be wiped。故填be wiped。] 2．However　[考查副词。句意：然而，很多人对此持乐观态度，因为这些统计数据显示，目前这些鸟类还没有濒危。根据句意可知，上下文是转折关系，应用副词However，首字母大写。故填However。] 3．Rated　[考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词occupy且无连词，此空用非谓语形式，主语they和动词rate是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词表被动，作状语，首字母大写。故填Rated。] 4．supplies　[考查名词的单复数。as后面接了一个时间状语从句，此处用名词形式作句子的主语，句子时态为一般现在时，由谓语动词move判断主语是复数形式，fish supplies，意为“鱼类供给”。故填supplies。] 5．handful　[考查名词。固定搭配a handful of sth.(少数……)，名词handful(一把的量)。故填handful。] 6．that/which　[考查定语从句。此句是定语从句，先行词是remote islands，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。] 7．fewer　[考查形容词比较级。句意：如果它们要游超过435英里的往返行程来捕鱼，它们等待的孩子可能会饿死，随着它们的脂肪储备越来越少。此空用形容词作系动词become的表语，意为“越来越少”，应用形容词比较级fewer。故填fewer。] 8．to deliver　[考查动词不定式。固定句型It take(s) sb.some time to do sth.，意为“做某事花费某人多少时间”，It是形式主语，动词不定式是真正主语。故填to deliver。] 9．has been published　[考查动词的时态和语态。whose 引导非限制性定语从句，此空缺乏谓语，so far(目前)是现在完成时的标志，主语study和动词publish是被动关系，应用被动语态，本句时态用现在完成时的被动语态(has/have been done)，主语study是单数，应用has been published。故填has been published。] 10．to　[考查介词。固定搭配give rise to...(引起/导致……)，应用介词to。故填to。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $