Unit 3 Section Ⅲ Using language-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册五维课堂教师用书word（外研版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语核心词汇（serve, earn, aim）与状语从句（时间、条件、让步等九类），构建“词义解析-搭配拓展-语境应用”的词汇学习支架，同步系统梳理从句分类、用法及省略规则，形成从基础到综合应用的知识脉络。 资料以教材例句为依托，融入高考真题（如2021浙江高考写作）设计“学以致用”“针对训练”等环节，通过判断、填空、句式升级等题型提升语言运用能力，培养逻辑分析的思维品质。课中助力教师分层教学，课后通过基础检测与能力提升模块帮助学生查漏补缺，强化知识内化。

Section Ⅲ　Using language [词汇精讲] 1．serve v．产生……的效果(或结果)；可用作，可当……；(给某人)提供，端上；接待，服务 (教材P30)Marco Polo travelled from Europe to Asia.The Travels of Marco Polo served to bring knowledge of Asia to the West. 马可·波罗从欧洲旅行到亚洲。《马可·波罗游记》将有关亚洲的知识带给了西方。 ◆[佳句感知] 　The attack was unsuccessful and served only to alert the enemy. 进攻未奏效，反而使敌人警觉起来。 [知识积累] (1)serve as用作/担任…… serve sth.to sb.(＝serve sb.sth.)向某人提供某物；为某人端上某物(多用于提供食物、饮料) serve in the army在部队服役 serve the people heart and soul全心全意为人民服务 (2)service n．(对顾客的)服务，接待；(提供技术或帮助的)服务 at the service of sb./at sb.'s service 随时可供使用(或可以帮助) (3)servant n．仆人；雇员 ◆[学以致用] (1)判断下面句子中serve的含义 ①This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn't a lot of food served.(给某人)提供 ②It is unfair to soldiers who have served their country well for many years.服役 ③She led me into the front room, which served as her office.可用作 ④The judge said the punishment would serve as a warning to others.产生……的效果(或结果) (2)单句语法填空 ⑤The duchess(公爵夫人)is having afternoon tea with two servants(serve) waiting for her. ⑥The Blue Moon Restaurant is the best in our town and customers are pleased with the service(serve)． ⑦When a dark­colored cake was_served(serve)on a black plate rather than a white one，customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty. ⑧She learned sign language when she served as_a volunteer in the special school. 2．earn v．博得，赢得；赚得，挣得 (教材P30)Born in 1910 in Jiangsu Province，he showed a strong interest in books at a very young age，earning him the name “Zhongshu”，which means fondness for books. 他于1910年出生于江苏省，儿时便对书籍表现出了强烈的兴趣，这使他赢得了“钟书”的名字，“钟书”意为对书籍的钟爱。 ◆[佳句感知] 　His outstanding ability earned him a place on the team. 他非凡的能力为他在队中赢得了一席之地。 [知识积累] earn sb.sth...为某人赢得/博得…… earn a reputation 赢得名声 earn the respect/trust of sb.赢得某人的尊敬/信任 earn one's/a living by... 靠……谋生 earn/make money 赚钱，挣钱 ◆[学以致用] 完成句子 ①He_earns_his_living_by_teaching at a language school. 他靠在一所语言学校教书谋生。 ②More and more students are taking a gap year to earn_money_to_support_their_study for their degree. 越来越多的学生通过间隔年来赚钱来资助他们的学位学习。 ③He rescued a drowning man，for_which_he_earned_the_respect_of_people. 他救了一个溺水的人，他因此赢得了人们的尊敬。 ④She is known as a successful singer and composer and earns_a_good_reputation_at home and abroad. 她是一名成功的歌手和作曲家，在国内外都享有良好的声誉。 3．aim vi.&vt.瞄准；力求达到；力争做到；目的是 n．目的；目标 (教材P31)The Confucius Institute is a non­profit educational organisation run by the Chinese Ministry of Education, aiming to promote Chinese languages and culture abroad and to encourage cultural exchange. 孔子学院是一个非营利性教育机构，由中华人民共和国教育部管理，力求向海外推广中国语言和文化，鼓励文化交流。 ◆[佳句感知] 　(2021·浙江6月高考写作)Aiming to enrich students' after­school life，an exhibition of students' traditional Chinese paintings is being held by our school. 为了丰富学生课外生活，我校正在举办学生中国画展览。 [知识积累] (1)aim at瞄准；目的在于 aim sth.at sb./sth.用某物朝向/瞄准某人或某物 aim to do.../at doing...旨在做……；力求达到…… be aimed at目的是；旨在 (2)take aim at瞄准…… with the aim of有……的目的 (3)aimless adj.无目的的 ◆[学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①My aim is to_try(try)out for a talent show to prove that even a person with no arms is capable of playing the piano. ②The activity is aimed at enriching our school life and improving the relationship between students. ③(2020·天津高考)In writing Paragraph 1，the author aims to_present(present) an argument. (2)句式升级 ④We will have an English drama competition.The aim of it is to enrich our extracurricular activities. →We will have an English drama competition whose_aim_is_to_enrich_our_extracurricular_activities.(用whose引导的定语从句改写) →We will have an English drama competition，the_aim_of_which_is_to_enrich_our_extracurricular_activities.(用which引导的定语从句改写) 状语从句 自我探究 总结归纳 ①You can only imagine how travelers felt when they saw the oasis of Dunhuang ahead of them. 句子①中when引导时间状语从句。 ②If you look up, you can see the paintings and other artworks... 句子②中if引导条件状语从句。 ③Dunhuang was not as prosperous as it used to be. 句子③中as引导方式状语从句。 ④Given that the theme of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange..., Dunhuang was the ideal place. 句子④中Given that引导原因状语从句。 [语法精析] 状语从句在句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句放在主句之前时，常用逗号与主句隔开；放在主句之后，一般不用逗号。状语从句按其意义和作用一般可分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、让步状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、方式状语从句、比较状语从句和地点状语从句九种。 一、时间状语从句 1．when，while，as引导的时间状语从句 (1)when表示某个具体的时间，从句的谓语动词用短暂性动词；也可以表示一段时间，从句的谓语动词用延续性动词。when引导的从句表示的动作或状态可与主句表示的动作或状态同时发生，也可以先于主句表示的动作或状态发生。 ►When she comes，I shall tell her to wait for you. 她来时我会告诉她等你。 ►He entered the room when the meeting was going on. 当会议正在进行的时候他进了房间。 (2)while意为“当……的时候，与……同时”，表示持续性的动作或状态，从句的谓语动词用延续性动词，强调主句的动作或状态和从句的动作或状态同时发生或存在。 ►While he was sleeping，the spaceship circled the earth twice. 在他睡觉的这段时间里，宇宙飞船绕地球转了两圈。 ►My mother was working while I was doing my homework. 当我在做作业时，妈妈在工作。 (3)as表示“当……的时候”，往往强调“随着……”或“一边……一边……”。 ►He told us his adventures in the Arctic as we went along. 我们一边走着，他一边给我们讲他在北极的冒险经历。 ►As she grew older she gained in confidence. 随着年龄的增长，她的信心增强了。 2．表示“一……就……”的词语引导的时间状语从句 (1)从属连词instantly，immediately，directly表示“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句。 ►—Did you give him the book? 你把书给他了吗？ —Yes.I gave it to him directly I saw him. 给了，我一看见他就给他了。 (2)as soon as，no sooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when...意为“一……就……”。 ►He had hardly got off the train when his daughter ran towards him. 他一下火车，女儿就朝他跑了过来。 ►As soon as I finish the homework，I'll go to see you. 我一完成家庭作业就会去看你。 3．till和until引导的时间状语从句 连词 用法 动词 意义 till/until 主句和从句都用肯定形式 主句的谓语动词为延续性动词 直到……为止 主句用否定形式，从句用肯定形式 主句的谓语动词一般为非延续性动词 直到……才…… ►I'll stay here till/until the rain stops. 我会待在这里直到雨停。 ►“You can't take the goods away until you pay for them at the cash desk，”the young man said firmly. “在收银台结账后你才可以把这些货物带走。”这个年轻男士坚定地说。 [名师点津]　(1)till不可以置于句首，而until可以置于句首。 (2)如果将“not until...”放在句首，那么主句要用部分倒装结构。 ►Not until we pointed out their fault did they realize it.直到我们指出了他们的错误，他们才意识到。 4．一些表示时间的名词词组引导的时间状语从句 一些表示时间的名词词组，如the moment，the second time，the minute，each/every time，the first time，the year等也可用于引导时间状语从句，这时它们具有连词的功能。 ►Each time he came，he would bring us a lot of flowers. 他每次来，都会给我们带很多花。 ►Ann felt nervous the first time she gave a speech in front of so many students. 当安第一次在这么多学生面前演讲的时候，她感觉很紧张。 ►The moment the sun rises，all the stars in the sky disappear. 太阳一升起来，天空中所有的星星都消失了。 5．before和since引导的时间状语从句 (1)before意为“在……之前”，它引导的从句中谓语动词所表示的动作通常晚于主句中谓语动词所表示的动作。before常用于以下句型： It will be＋一段时间＋before...(从句用一般现在时)要过……(时间)才…… It won't be＋一段时间＋before...(从句用一般现在时)过不了……(时间)就…… It was not long before...(从句用一般过去时)没过多久就…… It was＋时间段＋before...(从句用一般过去时)过了……(时间)才…… ►There is only one more day to go before your favorite music group play live. 离你最喜欢的乐队现场表演仅有一天的时间了。 ►—How long will you graduate from high school? 你还有多久从高中毕业？ —It will be less than one year before I graduate.还有不到一年我就毕业了。 ►It won't be long before we meet again. 不久，我们会再见面。 ►It wasn't long before he left the country. 没过多久他就离开了这个国家。 ►It was some time before I realized the truth. 过了一段时间我才悟出真相。 (2)since引导时间状语从句时，从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词是延续性动词。一般情况下，since引导的从句的时态若是一般过去时，则主句的时态是现在完成时或现在完成进行时，当主句表示“已经有多少时间”时，谓语动词也常用一般现在时。 since常用于以下句型： It is/has been＋一段时间＋since...(从句用一般过去时)自……以来已经有……(时间)了。(从句谓语用短暂性动词时，表示动作持续了多久；用延续性动词时，表示动作停止了多久) ►It is/has been five days since he came here. 他来这儿五天了。 ►It is/has been five days since he was here. 他离开这儿五天了。 ►It is/has been three years since I began to smoke. 我吸烟有三年了。 ►It is/has been three years since I smoked. 我不吸烟有三年了。 ◆[针对训练] 单句语法填空 1．Not until we succeed in letting wildlife live in peace can we smile in relief. 2．Air pollution is getting more and more serious，so we must take action before it is too late. 3．He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering. 4．While watching TV，children do not merely absorb words and images. 5．As he grew older，he became less active. 二、条件状语从句 条件状语从句可由if，unless，so/as long as，on condition(that)，only if，in case等引导。应注意的问题如下： 1．unless在意义上相当于if...not。因此，在某些场合，unless引导的肯定条件状语从句可以与if引导的否定条件状语从句互换。 ►Unless you change your mind，I won't help you.＝If you don't change your mind，I won't help you. 如果你不改变主意，我就不会帮助你。 2．so/as long as，on condition(that)引导条件状语从句时，表示“只要”。on condition(that)引导的条件状语从句是主句中谓语动词所表示的动作发生的前提条件。 ►I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep it a secret. 我可以告诉你真相，条件是你答应保守秘密。 ►As long as you form the habit of learning English every day，you will conquer English sooner or later. 只要你养成每天学习英语的习惯，你迟早会征服英语。 ►They agree to lend us the car on condition that we return it before the weekend. 他们同意把汽车借给我们，条件是我们在周末前归还。 3．only if意为“只有”，引导的条件状语从句用陈述语气；if only意为“但愿……，要是……就好了”，引导的条件状语从句要用虚拟语气。 ►Only if you have persistence can you achieve success. 只有坚持不懈，你才能取得成功。 ►—I was caught in the rain and got wet all over.我被雨淋了，全身都湿透了。 —If only you had taken an umbrella! 要是你带一把伞就好了！ 4．in case引导条件状语从句时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。 ►It's always a good idea to have a spare key somewhere in case you lose the first one. 准备一把备用钥匙放在某处总是个好主意，以防你丢了第一把钥匙。 三、让步状语从句 让步状语从句的引导词 让步状语从句表示让步关系。引导让步状语从句的连词通常可分为四类： ►He will come on time even though/if it rains. 即使下雨，他也会准时来。 ►No matter what/Whatever you do，do it well. 不论你做什么，做好它。 ►While the students came from different countries，they got along quite well in the summer camp. 虽然这些学生来自不同的国家，但是他们在夏令营中相处得很好。(福建高考) [名师点津]　(1)though引导的让步状语从句可以用倒装结构，也可以不用倒装结构；as引导的让步状语从句常用倒装结构，即要把从句中作表语的名词或形容词、作状语的副词或作谓语的实义动词提前。作表语的可数名词单数位于句首时，名词前不加冠词。 ►Though he is only fifteen years old，he has shouldered the burden to support the whole family.他虽然只有15岁，但已经肩负起养活全家的重担。 ►Old man as he is，General Botha has gone through the severe test during the past few weeks.Botha将军虽然年纪大了，但在过去的几个星期里也经历了严峻的考验。 ►Successful as he is，he is not proud.他虽成功了，但不骄傲。 ►Try as he might，he couldn't solve the problem.他尽管努力了，却不能解决这个问题。 (2)although，though不可以与but连用，但可以和still，yet等连用。 ►Although everyone played well，we still lost the game.尽管每个人都打得不错，我们还是输了这场比赛。 (3)“特殊疑问词＋­ever”引导让步状语从句时，可与“no matter＋特殊疑问词”互换；引导名词性从句时，不可与“no matter＋特殊疑问词”互换。 ►No matter who/Whoever you are，you must obey the law.无论你是谁，你都得遵守法律。 ►Keep calm，whatever/no matter what happens.无论发生什么事都要保持冷静。 四、地点状语从句 地点状语从句表示主句中某一动作或状态发生的地点或进行的方向，这类从句通常由where，wherever等引导，从句可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后。where指“在……地方”；wherever指“在任何……地方”。 ►This kind of medicine should not be placed where it is accessible to children. 这种药品不应该放在儿童拿得到的地方。 ►Where there is supply and demand，there is commerce. 哪里有供需，哪里就有商业。 ►This movie star is so famous that there are crowds of people waiting to see her wherever she goes. 这个电影明星如此有名以至于无论她到何处都有成群的人等着见她。 五、原因状语从句 1．Because引导的原因状语从句一般置于主句的后面，because引导的从句位于句首时要用逗号将从句和主句分开；位于句末时，可不用逗号。because表示直接原因，语气最强，可用于回答why引导的疑问句。 ►The boy made a lot of mistakes in his homework because he did his homework as he watched TV. 这个男孩的家庭作业中出现了许多错误，因为他一边看电视一边做作业。 ►—Why did you miss the train? 你为什么错过了火车？ —Because I got up late. 因为我起晚了。 2．since引导的原因状语从句一般置于主句之前，表示已知的显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”)，较为正式，语气比because弱。seeing(that)，now(that)，considering(that)和in that与since引导原因状语从句时的意思相近，都表示“既然”。 ►Since it is raining outside，we shall not go to the park. 由于外面正在下雨，我们不会去公园了。 ►Now that we have got the good news，let's celebrate it. 既然我们已经得到了那个好消息，就让我们去庆祝一下吧。 ►Considering(that)everybody is here，let's begin our discussion. 既然大家都到了，我们就开始讨论吧。 3．as引导原因状语从句时表示附带说明双方已知的原因，语气比since弱，较为正式，位置较为灵活。 ►Education has always been a hot topic among parents as it is directly related to the future of their children. 教育一直是家长之间的热门话题，因为它直接关系到他们孩子的未来。 [名师点津]　for和上述三个从属连词不同，它是一个并列连词，连接的是并列句。for连接的句子并不是主句行为发生的直接原因，只是提供一些辅助性的补充说明或表示推测。for连接的句子一般位于句末，并且通常用逗号隔开。 ►We should be more careful，for it is already dark.我们应更小心些，因为天已经黑了。 六、目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的连接词有：so that，in order that，lest，in case，for fear(that)，目的状语从句的谓语常含有may，might，can，could，should，will，would等情态动词。 1．so that引导目的状语从句只能置于主句之后，in order that引导目的状语从句可放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，两者都表示“目的是，以便”。 ►He went to the lecture hall early in the morning so that/in order that he would get a good seat. 他一大早就去了演讲厅以便得到一个好座位。 2．lest，in case，for fear(that)引导目的状语从句，表示“以免，以防”。lest引导的从句一般要用虚拟语气，即谓语用“(should＋)动词原形”；for fear(that)引导的从句和in case引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但有时也可用陈述语气。 ►She took an umbrella lest it should rain. 她带了把雨伞，以防下雨。 ►I took four books with me when I went travelling in case I got bored，but I never read a page！当去旅行时，我带了四本书，以防自己感到无聊，但是我一页也没有读！ 七、结果状语从句 结果状语从句补充说明主句中谓语动词所表示的动作发生的结果，通常位于主句之后。“so...that”和“such...that”均可引导结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于……”。其中的such修饰名词；so修饰形容词或副词。 1．“so...that”引导结果状语从句的常用结构： so＋形容词/副词＋that... so＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋that... so＋many/few＋可数名词复数＋that... so＋much/little(少的)＋不可数名词＋that... ►Our English teacher explains English grammar so clearly that all the students can understand. 我们的英语老师把英语语法解释得如此清晰，以至于所有的学生都能理解。 ►The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water. 球重重地打在了他身上，结果他差点儿掉到水里。 ►It was so hot a day that they wanted to go swimming. 天气如此炎热，他们想去游泳。 ►He gave me so little time that it was impossible for me to finish the work on time. 他给我的时间如此少，要我按时完成这项工作是不可能的。 2．“such...that”引导结果状语从句的常用结构为： such＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋that... such＋形容词＋可数名词复数/不可数名词＋that... ►The Internet is such an important part of our life that it has even influenced our language. 因特网是我们生活中如此生要的一部分，以至于它甚至已经影响了我们的语言。 ►They are such good teachers that we all respect them greatly. 他们是非常好的老师，我们都极为尊敬他们。 ►It is such nice weather that I would like to go to the beach. 天气如此好，我想去海滩。 八、方式状语从句 1．as引导方式状语从句时，意为“如同，按照……的方式”，从句常位于主句之后。 ►You must try to hold the tool as I do. 你必须像我这样拿工具。 ►He did not need to keep moving house，as his father had. 他不用像他父亲那样不停地搬家了。 2．as if，as though两者的意义和用法相同，都表示“仿佛，好像”，引导的方式状语从句多用虚拟语气，表示与现在情况相反的假设用一般过去时，表示与过去情况相反的假设用过去完成时；有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。 ►They completely ignore these facts as if/as though they never existed. 他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它们从未存在过似的。(与现在事实相反) ►The injured man acted as if nothing had happened to him. 这个受伤的男人行动起来好像他身上什么都没发生过似的。(与过去事实相反) ►It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看来天气很快就会好起来。(实现的可能性较大) 九、比较状语从句 as...as，not as/so...as，than等常用来引导比较状语从句。 1．在as...as...和not so(as)．..as...结构中，第一个as是副词，为“如此”的意思，在主句中说明所比内容的程度；第二个as可看作连词，引导从句。 ►He works as hard as his brother (does)． 他学习和他哥哥一样努力。 ►The work is not so difficult as you imagine. 这工作不像你想象的那么困难。 2．than意为“比”。 ►He moves more slowly than his sister (does)． 他行动起来比他妹妹更慢。 ►You look younger than you are. 你看起来比你实际上要年轻。 [名师点津]　比较状语从句的谓语动词如果与主句的谓语动词一致，且为行为动词时，常用do(does，did)代替，以免重复。 ►We have produced more coal this year than we did last year. 我们今年生产的煤要比去年生产的多。 ►She drives better than her husband does.她车开得比她丈夫好。 ◆[针对训练] 单句语法填空 1．Well，I'm working on a huge assignment and if I don't do well，it will ruin my reputation as an excellent accountant! 2．He will never make progress in math unless he really wants to learn it. 3．Wherever she goes，there are crowds of people waiting to see her. 4．Supposing/Suppose(suppose) that they refuse us，who else can we turn to for help? 5．They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend. 6．My parents don't mind what job I do as long as I am happy. 7．If guests are seated at the table，hosts may serve the food，or it may be passed so that each person may help himself. 8．Enjoying a fresh morning is important because/as it can set the mood for the rest of the day. 9．He speaks so slowly and strangely that it takes patience to understand what he is saying. 10．They treat her as though/if she were their daughter. 十、状语从句的省略 在表示时间、条件、让步等的状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同或从句的主语是it，从句的谓语又含有be的某种形式时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词，从而构成“从属连词＋形容词/现在分词/过去分词/名词/介词短语/不定式”的结构。 ►If(it is) possible，please look up the word in the dictionary. 如果可能的话，请在词典里查阅那个单词。 ►He is a good man，though sometimes(he is) rather dull. 他是个好人，尽管有时很愚钝。 ►While(I was)passing by the supermarket，I met my friend. 路过超市时，我遇见了我的朋友。 ►Unless(I am)invited，I won't take part in the activity. 除非有人邀请，否则我不会参加那个活动。 ◆[针对训练] 单句语法填空 1．We finished the task two days earlier than expected(expect)． 2．—Do you have any idea what Paul does all day? —As I know，he spends at least as much time playing as he does writing(write)． 3．We all know that，if not carefully dealt(deal) with，the situation will get worse. 4．He suddenly turned around as if to_make(make) sure that nobody was following him. [综合演练] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．As_the average age of the population increases，there are more and more old people to care for. 2．While some people are motivated by a need for success，others are motivated by a fear of failure. 3．I really enjoy listening to music_because it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day. 4．Though lacking(lack) money，his parents managed to send him to college. 5．The explosion rocked the lake with such a force that_dead fish immediately began to surface. 6．I had hardly sat down on the train and opened a bar of chocolate when an old man with huge bags sat down across from me. 7．In the state of Iowa，if_you live more than a mile away from school you can get a school permit. 8．Ten years later I still keep in touch with my classmates，though/although_I've never met them after graduation. 9．But for now，they all have to postpone their plans_until/till the winter storms pass. 10．Scientists say it may be five or six years_before it is possible to test this medicine on patients. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．I was so_anxious_that I couldn't sleep until deep into the night. 我是如此的焦虑以至于我直到半夜我才能睡着。 2．It will_be_four_hours_before his flight arrives. 要过四个小时之后，他的航班才会到达。 3．Child_as/though_he was，he helped me a lot. 尽管他是个孩子，他却帮了我很大的忙。 4．You'll fail the exam unless_you_study_hard. 除非你努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。 5．You are not careful enough_while_(you_are)_crossing_a_busy_street. 在横穿繁忙街道的时候，你再怎么小心也不为过。 [基础检测] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．To our great amazement，Jack moved to sales department(部门)． 2．He was the most distinguished scholar(学者)in his filed. 3．To make his dream come true, he goes to a faraway_temple(寺院)to learn kung fu from a master. 4．The museum was named after a famous institute(学院)． 5．The most attractive point of GPS is its 100% _coverage(覆盖范围) on the planet. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．The games my parents taught me_when I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life. 2．Over time, as/when the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. 3．The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does.When/If_it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats. 4．I think John will make a good monitor, so I'd like to vote for him. 5．My mother is always warning me when I go out, “Don't get off the bus while_it is running.” 6．I had hardly rung the bell when the door was opened suddenly, and my son rushed out to greet me. 7．I won't lend you my car_unless you promise you will not drive after drinking. 8．He had to sell his luxury car, for his company was in debt. 9．Kate, run a bit faster, and_you can catch up with all of your classmates. 10．While/Though/Although the movie star has always been the focus of much media attention, he tries to lead a normal life. Ⅲ.用状语从句完成下列句子 1．随着时间的推移，他的理论被证明是正确的。 As_time_went_on,_his theory proved to be correct. 2．战后，一所新学校在以前的剧院处建成。 After the war, a new school building was put up where_there_had_once_been_a_theatre. 3．尽管他很忙，他可能给了你更多的帮助。 He might have given you more help，even_though_he_was_very_busy. 4．只要你听从他的劝告，你就会干得很好的。 You'll do all right，as_long_as_you_follow_his_advice. 5．你每一次晚上回来，都把鞋子丢在地板上。 Every_time_you_get_back_at_night,_you drop your shoes on the floor. Ⅳ.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Once there was a fish who lived in the great ocean, and ___1___ the water was transparent and always conveniently got out of the way of his nose___2___he moved along, he didn't know he was in the ocean.Well, one day the fish began to think: “Surely I am a most remarkable being, ___3___ I can move around like this in the middle of empty space.” Then the fish became confused after thinking about moving and swimming. ___4___he looked down and saw the ocean depths, he was terrified that he would drop.Then he thought: “___5___ I could catch hold of my tail in my mouth, I could hold myself up.” ___6___ he went on trying to catch hold of his tail, the yawning black abyss below became even more terrible, and he was brought to the edge of total nervous breakdown. The fish was about to give up ___7___ the ocean said, “What are you doing？” “Oh，” said the fish, “I'm trying to catch hold of my tail in my mouth to hold myself up, ___8___ I'm terrified of falling into the deep dark abyss.” The ocean said, “I am the Great Ocean, ___9___ you live and move and are able to be a fish, and it is I ___10___ support you all the time you swim.You are wasting your time pursuing your own end.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一条在大海里畅游的鱼，有一天开始思考游泳的事，变得困惑，不知道该怎样游了。面对深不可测的海洋时，他只想着用嘴接住自己的尾巴，不让自己掉下去，忘记了自己本来就在大海的支持下，可以自由地游来游去。 1．because　[考查原因状语从句。句意：从前大海里有一条鱼，由于海水是透明的，而且他总能方便地游来游去，所以他不知道自己在海洋里。分析句子结构可知，此空连接空后逗号前后两句话，结合句意可知，此处是引导原因状语从句，所以用because。故填because。] 2．when　[考查时间状语从句。句意：参见上题。此空是连接空前后两句话，结合句意，此处表示“当他到处游的时候”，所以用when引导时间状语从句。故填when。] 3．since　[考查原因状语从句。句意：有一天，他萌生了一个想法：“我一定是最了不起的生物了，因为我可以在这样空旷的地方随意移动。”此空连接逗号前后两句话，根据句意“既然；由于”可知，此处用连接词since引导原因状语从句。故填since。] 4．When　[考查时间状语从句。句意：他看着自己下方那深不可测的海洋，他好害怕自己会掉下去。此空连接逗号前后两句话，根据句意，此处表示“当他看着深不可测的海洋时”，所以用when引导时间状语从句。故填When。] 5．If　[考查条件状语从句。句意：他想：“如果我可以用我的嘴巴接住尾巴，那我就可以抓住自己，不会往下掉啦！”此空连接逗号前后两句话，根据句意可知，此处表示“如果我能用嘴接住尾巴”，所以用if引导条件状语从句。故填If。] 6．As　[考查时间状语从句。句意：当他继续尝试着抓住自己的尾巴时，黑色的深渊显得更可怕了，小鱼觉得自己快要崩溃了。此空连接and前两个简单句，根据句意，可知此处表示“当他一直不断试着接住自己的尾巴时”，所以此处用as引导时间状语从句，表示两个动作同时发生，一种状态随另一种状态的变化而变化，此处表示“抓尾巴的过程中，觉得深渊越来越可怕”。故填As。] 7．when　[考查时间状语从句。句意：在小鱼快要放弃的时候，大海说：“你在干什么？”此处用到固定搭配be about to do when“正要做某事时，突然……”。故填when。] 8．for　[考查原因状语从句。句意：“噢，”小鱼回答，“我怕自己会掉进那个深渊里，所以我试着用嘴巴接住尾巴，这样就不会掉下去。”此空连接空前后两句话，根据句意，此处表示“因为害怕掉进深渊”，所以用表示“因为”的for，引出补充说明性理由的分句，为上文陈述的情况说明原因或提供理由。故填for。] 9．where　[考查定语从句。句意：大海说：“我是伟大的海洋，你在我里面生活，在我里面游动，因为我你才能身为一条鱼而存在。是我在你游泳的时候时刻支持着你。你却在这里庸人自扰地追自己的尾巴！”分析句子结构和句意可知，此空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the Great Ocean，表示地点，从句结构完整，所以用表示地点的关系副词where引导，故填where。] 10．who/that　[考查强调句。句意：参见上题。分析句子结构可知，此句是强调句型it is＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他，去掉it is和空格，可知，此句型强调主语I，表示人，所以此空可用who，也可用that。故填who或that。] [能力提升] Ⅰ.阅读理解 The traditional Chinese Longtaitou Festival, or Dragon Head­Raising Festival, falls on the second day of the second lunar month every year, and recognizes the start of spring and farming.This year it falls on March 14. Ancient people believed that after this day, rainfall increases because the rain­bringing Dragon King has awoken from his winter sleep.A well­known phrase goes, “Er yue er, long tai tou”， meaning “On the second day of the second lunar month, the dragon lifts his head.” The festival celebrates ancient Chinese agrarian culture, and while some of traditional ways to celebrate it are no longer practised, others continue to exist. The most famous tradition is getting a haircut.Some believe that going to the barber on this day gets rid of bad luck, while others believe getting a haircut during the first month of the lunar calendar brings bad luck.Another saying warns that cutting your hair in the first lunar month will cause your uncle to die.Although today few pay attention to it, it was once a tradition to line up outside barbershops on the day of Longtaitou. People eat tofu balls in East China's Fujian Province during the festival, and often make tofu and vegetable balls to pray for family and business.Fried beans are the traditional festival food for people in parts of Shandong Province.Eating chengyao cakes, which are made with sticky rice, during the festival is a tradition in Suzhou, East China's Jiangsu Province, owing to the saying, “If you eat chengyao cakes on Longtaitou, your waist won't hurt all year.” Meanwhile other foods, like noodles, dumplings, and spring rolls, are named after dragon body parts to mark the day.Noodles are dragon's beard (long xu), dumplings are dragon's ears (long er), and spring rolls are dragon's scales (long lin)． 1．What did ancient people believe after Dragon Head­Raising Festival? A．The dragon lifts his head. B．There's more rainfall. C．The dragon is still sleeping. D．There's less rainfall. 2．What does the underlined word “agrarian” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Agricultural.　　　　　 B．Industrial. C．Travelling. D．Manufacturing. 3．What do people eat in Suzhou during the festival? A．Tofu balls. B．Fried beans. C．Chengyao cakes. D．Dumplings. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．The history and development of China's Longtaitou Festival B．Cut your hair on China's Longtaitou Festival C．The culture and traditions of China's Longtaitou Festival D．Food about China's Longtaitou Festival [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了中国的传统节日——龙抬头，包括其文化和习俗等。 1．B　[细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句“Ancient people believed that after this day, rainfall increases...has awoken from his winter sleep.(古人认为，过了这一天，降雨会增多，是因为降雨的龙王从冬眠中苏醒了)”可知，古代人认为，龙抬头过后降雨量会增加。故选B。] 2．A　[词义猜测题。根据文章第一段第一句中的“The traditional Chinese Longtaitou Festival, or Dragon Head­Raising Festival, falls on the second day of the second lunar month every year, and recognizes the start of spring and farming.(每年农历二月初二是中国传统的‘龙抬头’，标志着春天和农耕的开始)”及划线词所在句中的“ancient Chinese”“culture”并结合常识可知，中国古代以农业为主，因此龙抬头是为了庆祝中国的农业文化。故选A。] 3．C　[细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第三句“Eating chengyao cakes, which are made with sticky rice, during the festival is a tradition in Suzhou, East China's Jiangsu Province”可知，苏州人在龙抬头那天会吃“撑腰糕”来庆祝。故选C。] 4．C　[主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The traditional Chinese Longtaitou Festival, or Dragon Head­Raising Festival, falls on the second day of the second lunar month every year, and recognizes the start of spring and farming”可知，本文主要讲述了中国传统节日龙抬头的文化及传统。故选C。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Du Fu is to Chinese literature what Shakespeare is to English Drama.“We have Dante, Shakespeare and Du Fu.These poets create the very values by ___1___ poetry is judged，” remarked Harvard Professor Stephen Owen in Du Fu, China's Greatest Poet, a new BBC documentary that aired on April 7. ___2___ (aim) at introducing the charm and beauty of traditional Chinese literature to viewers ___3___ the world, the documentary invited famous British actor Ian McKellen, who ___4___ (play) the Gandalf in The Lord of the Rings in 1999, to read 15 of Du's poems that have been translated into English. The one­hour film traces the poet's life___5___ (experience) in detail.Born in 712 AD, Du lived in the time governed by the Tang Emperor Xuanzong, which was marked by extraordinary prosperity.However, as the An Lushan Rebellion (安史之乱) in 755 AD ___6___ (complete) shocked the empire, Du Fu had to take his family on the road as refugees (难民)，and endured ___7___ (starve), poverty and other sufferings.Despite the ups and downs, the poet never stopped and about 1,500 poems ___8___ (pass) down over the ages. In these poems, he expressed he was___9___(concern) for his country and people.Besides, the importance of ___10___ (celebrate) the simple joys of life was also emphasized. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章向读者简单地介绍了BBC英国广播公司最新纪录片《中国最伟大的诗人杜甫》。 1．which　[考查定语从句。此句是定语从句，原句为These poets create the very values that poetry is judged by，先行词是the very values，指物，在从句中做by的宾语，先行词被the very修饰，只用关系代词that，但本句把介词by提前，用“介词＋关系代词”形式，因为先行词指物，关系代词放在介词by后面(作宾语)，此处只能用which，即by which引导定语从句。故填which。] 2．Aimed　[考查非谓语动词。固定搭配(be) aimed at...，意为“旨在……”，此处用过去分词作形容词使用，表状态，作状语，首字母大写。故填Aimed。] 3．around/across/throughout　[考查介词。本句意为“旨在向世界各地的观众介绍中国传统文学的魅力和美丽”，此处指“世界各地的观众”，固定搭配around/across/throughout the world，意为“世界各地的”。故填around/across/throughout。] 4．played　[考查动词的时态。此处是who引导的非限制性定语从句，缺乏谓语动词，是主动语态，由从句时间标志in 1999可知，时态用一般过去时，应用played。故填played。] 5．experiences　[考查名词的单复数。本句意为“这部一小时的电影详细地追溯了诗人的生活经历”，此处指“不止一次人生经历”，名词experience意为“经历”时，是可数名词，可加s，应用名词复数experiences。故填experiences。] 6．completely　[考查副词。complete要修饰动词shocked，副词修饰动词，此空用副词形式。故填completely。] 7．starvation　[考查名词。此处用名词作谓语动词endured的宾语，与后面的名词poverty和other sufferings在语法形式上保持一致，应用名词starvation。故填starvation。] 8．have been passed　[考查动词的时态和语态。本句意为“尽管跌宕起伏，但这位诗人从未停歇，大约1500首诗已流传千古”，此处缺乏谓语动词，“(过去的)大约1500首诗已流传千古(流传到现在)”表示过去发生的事对现在产生的影响，应用现在完成时，主语about 1,500 poems(复数)和谓语动词pass是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态(has/have been done)，因为主语是复数，所以用have been passed。故填have been passed。] 9．concerned　[考查形容词。固定搭配be concerned for...，意为“关心……”，应用形容词concerned。故填concerned。] 10．celebrating　[考查非谓语动词。the importance of __10__ (celebrate) the simple joys of life是句子主语，意为“庆祝生活中简单快乐的重要性”，“庆祝”在此处是一个动作，介词of后面接动名词(doing)。故填celebrating。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $