Unit 2 Section Ⅲ Using language-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册五维课堂教师用书word（外研版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦词汇（pass on传递、quality品质、cooperate合作）与被动语态核心知识点，构建“词义解析-搭配拓展-语境应用”词汇学习支架，系统梳理被动语态不同时态构成、主动表被动特殊情况及注意事项，形成从基础感知到综合运用的递进脉络。 该资料以“学用结合”为特色，通过教材原句感知、知识积累拓展、分层练习巩固提升语言能力，借助被动语态自我探究与归纳培养思维品质。课中助力教师高效授课，课后综合演练与基础检测可帮助学生查漏补缺，强化学习能力，符合新课标核心素养要求。

Section Ⅲ　Using language [词汇精讲] 1．pass on传递，递……给…… (教材P17)Since ancient times，storytelling has been a way to share and pass on wisdom. 自古以来，讲故事一直是一种分享和传递智慧的方式。 ◆[佳句感知] 　He was a simple man，content to pass on his learning to new generations. 他是一位纯朴的人，以传授学问给后辈为乐。 [知识积累] pass away 去世，亡故(委婉说法) pass by 通过，经过(……旁边) pass on to...传递……给…… ◆[学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①Please read this notice and pass it on to_others. ②Time passed by_like an arrow. ③I'm sorry to hear that your father passed away last night. ④When you pass by_his shop，his trick seems simple and obvious. (2)完成句子 ⑤This ring in my family has_been_passed_on from mother to daughter. 在我家里，这个戒指是妈妈传给女儿的。 2．quality n．品质，质量；特质；品德，素质 (教材P17)．..the qualities of which Aesop used to reflect human traits and wisdom... 伊索用动物的品质来反映人类的特质和智慧。 ◆[佳句感知] 　It's a good tradition for the company to care more about quality than quantity throughout the process. 公司在整个过程中更关心质量而不是数量是一个很好的传统。 [知识积累] be of good/high/top quality 质量好/高/上乘 be of bad/low/poor quality 质量差/低/次 product quality 产品质量 quality of life 生活质量 in the/one's quality of 以……的身份，以……的资格 ◆[学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①These are leather goods_of high quality. ②Both of them have the qualities(quality) and virtues that are tipical of chinese actors. (2)完成句子 ③The_quality_of_service in this restaurant has improved a lot since I last had a dinner with my friends there. 自从我上次和朋友们在那里共进晚餐以来，这家餐厅的服务质量提高了很多。 ④Our_quality_of_life_has improved a lot. 我们的生活质量有了很大改善。 ⑤China's high­speed trains，are_of_high_quality，safe and reliable. 中国高铁，质量上乘、安全可靠。 3．cooperate vi.合作，协作，配合 (教材P18)．..it is easier to achieve something if you cooperate with Someone else. 如果你和别人合作，就更容易达成目标。 ◆[佳句感知] 　The Student Association motivated all the students to cooperate with each other. 学生会激励所有的学生相互合作。 [知识积累] (1)cooperate with sb.in/on sth.与某人在某事上合作 (2)cooperation n．合作，协作 ◆[学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①The two airlines will cooperate on ticketing and schedules. ②The two groups agreed to cooperate_with each other. ③We would like to see closer cooperation(cooperate) between parents and schools. (2)完成句子 ④We hope we can cooperate_even_more_closely in the future. 希望我们今后能更加密切地合作。 被动语态 自我探究 总结归纳 ①On discovering that Morrie is being weakened by a severe illness, Mitch starts visiting him at his house on Tuesdays. 句子①是被动语态的现在进行时，结构为：is/am_are＋being＋过去分词。 ②Indeed, it was a pleasant surprise to find that this book is filled with joy and hope. 句子②是被动语态的一般现在时，结构为：is/am/are＋过去分词。 ③After finishing it，I feel I have been given a deeper insight into the world and can see things from a different point of view. 句子③是被动语态的现在完成时，结构为：have/has_been＋过去分词。 ④A box of tissues will be needed to get through this book！ 句子④是被动语态的一般将来时，结构为：will＋be＋过去分词。 [语法精析] 一、被动语态的构成 英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者，其构成为：助动词be＋过去分词。在被动语态中，by后常跟动作的执行者。且通常只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态。 1．被动语态的时态、形式表(以动词do为例)： 形式 构成 例句 现在时 一般式 am/is/aredone Rice is grown in the south of the US.美国南部种植水稻。 进行式 am/is/arebeing done English lessons are being broadcast on the radio.英语课正在广播里播放。 完成式 has/havebeen done The case has recently been tried.这桩案子最近已经审过了。 过去时 一般式 was/weredone They were given a warm send­off.他们受到了热烈的欢送。 进行式 was/werebeing done We had to take a detour.The road was being repaired.我们得绕行。这条路正在维修。 完成式 had beendone When we got there the work had been finished.我们到那里时，工作已经完成了。 过去将 来时 should/wouldbe done The teacher told us that a new experiment would be performed the next day.老师告诉我们第二天有一个新实验要做。 一般将 来时 will/shall be done A new bridge will be built over the river.河上将建一座新桥。 2.被动语态的特殊情况 (1)情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的被动语态的构成：情态动词＋be＋及物动词的过去分词。 ►All the letters should be answered immediately. 所有信件均应立刻回复。 ►This can be done by hand. 这可以手工做。 ►It needn’t be mentioned in your talk. 这一点你在谈话中不必提及。 ►Other problems also have to be faced. 还须面对其他问题。 (2)不定式的被动语态 ►The book is said to be published soon. 据说这本书很快就会出版。 ►The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 据说这本书已被译成很多种语言。 ◆[针对训练] 单句语法填空 1．A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had_been_trapped(trap) in the mountains for two days. 2．My washing machine is_being_repaired(repair) this week，so I have to wash my clothes by hand. 3．Nowadays，cycling，along with jogging and swimming，is_regarded(regard) as one of the best all­round forms of exercise. 4．If you leave the club，you won't_be_allowed(not，allow) back in. 5．I got caught in the rain on my way home and my new suit was_ruined(ruin)． 二、主动形式表示被动意义的情况 1．连系动词(如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，remain等)后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。 ►Your advice sounds practical. 你的建议听起来是可行的。 ►Whether we can have a holiday remains unknown. 我们还不知道能否放假。 ►The material feels very soft. 这种材料摸起来很软。 ►The food tastes very delicious. 这种食物尝起来味道很好。 2．在want，need，require等少数表示”需要”的动词后的v.­ing用主动形式表示被动意义。其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 ►The house needs cleaning.＝The house needs to be cleaned. 这所房子需要打扫。 ►This wall requires repairing.＝This wall requires to be repaired. 这面墙需要修理。 3．当open，close，shut，lock，move，read，wash，clean，cook，sell，cut，wear，carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。 ►The door doesn't shut. 这门关不上。 ►The book sells well. 这书卖得不错。 ◆[针对训练] 单句语法填空 1．Junk food tastes(taste)delicious but it doesn't contain enough nutrition. 2．Your composition still requires_polishing_(polish)to be published. 3．Her new book was interesting and_sold(sell) well. 三、使用被动语态时应注意的问题 1．常见的不能用于被动语态的(短语)动词有appear，belong，disappear，happen，break out，come true，take place，run out，date back等。 ►We cannot say for sure what will happen. 我们无法确切地说会发生什么事。 2．在主动语态里，动词see，make，hear，watch，notice等后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to，但变为被动语态时，to必须补上。 ►他们让他独自去那里。 They made him go there alone.(主动语态) He was made to go there alone by them.(被动语态) 3．接双宾语的动词变被动语态。有些动词在主动语态中常接双宾语，即直接宾语(一般指物)和间接宾语(一般指人)。在变为被动语态时，如果间接宾浯被提前作主语，那么直接宾语保留不变；如果直接宾语被提前作主语，那么间接宾语前一般要加上相应的介词to或for。 ►We gave him the letter.＝He was given the letter by us.＝The letter was given to him by us. 我们把那封信给他了。 ►She bought her mother a new coat.＝Her mother was bought a new coat by her.＝A new coat was bought for her mother by her. 她给她妈妈买了一件新大衣。 4．将含有“动词＋介词/副词”类短语动词(如look after，put on)的主动句变为被动句时，原短语动词中的介词或副词应保留下来。 ►她经常照看老人。 She often looks after the old.(主动语态) The old are often looked after by her.(被动语态) ◆[针对训练] 完成句子 1．An accident_happened_on_the_way_home last night and five people were killed. 昨晚在回家的路上发生了一起意外事故，死了五个人。 2．A big fire broke_out_in_our_school_last week. 上周我们学校发生了一场大火。 3．The boy was_made_fun_of_by his classmates. 这个男孩被他的同学取笑了。 [综合演练] Ⅰ.用括号内适当的词填空 1．—May I help you，Madam? —How terrible！The things in my shop ________(steal) frequently these days. 2．Visitors ________(request) not to touch the exhibits. 3．The accident is reported ________(occur) on the first Sunday in February. 4．Sheep ________(keep) by farmers to produce wool and mutton. 5．The house，which ________(belong) to an old lady，is in good condition. 6．The artist was sure he would ________(choose)，but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister，the old man laughed. 7．—I saw your uncle take a taxi to the airport last week.Why didn't you drive him there? —Because my car ________(fix)． 8．We had great fun playing on the beaches and it ________(feel) comfortable to bath in the sunlight. 9．Books of this kind ________(sell) well. 10．—How was your weekend，Rose? —Wonderful！It was the first time I ________(leave) alone at home，enjoying freedom. 11．The number of deaths from cancer will be reduced greatly if people ________(persuade) to eat more fruit and vegetables. 12．We are confident that the environment ________(improve) by our further efforts to reduce pollution. 13．Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations ________(employ) only since the mid­1980s，and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area. 14．—Mike，did you see Mr Chapman in the office just now? —Yes，he ________(interview)，and he looked a little bit nervous. 15．Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement ________(reach) so far by the two sides. 答案：1.are being stolen　2.are requested　3.to have occurred　4.are kept　5.belongs　6.be chosen　7.was being fixed　8.felt　9.sell　10.had been left　11.are persuaded　12.will be improved　13.have been employed　14.was being interviewed 15．has been reached Ⅱ.句型转换(用被动语态) 1．When you are out in nature, it is important to speak softly, or you will frighten the animals away. When you are out in nature, it is important to speak softly, or the animals ________________ by you. 2．In order to stop air pollution, the government has taken a lot of measures. A lot of measures ________________ by the government in order to stop air pollution. 3．We are discussing how to spend the summer holiday now. How to spend the summer holiday ____________ by us now. 4．Her mother bought her a computer. A computer ____________ her by her mother. 5．I hear the students in Class 7 sing the English song every day. The students in Class 7 ____________ the English song every day by me. 6．We must operate this machine with care. This machine ________________ with care by us. 7．The teacher taught students to regard difficulties as the wealth of life. Students ________________ to regard difficulties as the wealth of life. 8．They can complete the work in two hours. The work ________________ in two hours. 答案：1.will be frightened away　2.have been taken　3.is being discussed　4.was bought for　5.are heard to sing　6.must be operated　7.were taught by the teacher　8.can be completed by them [基础检测] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．A writer spends many hours going over and over a scene­changing a phrase(习语) here, a word there. 2．They had cooperated(合作)closely in the planning of the project. 3．Does the bank charge a fee(服务费) for setting up the account? 4．He crammed (挤满)eight people into his car，for which he was fined by the policeman. 5．More than 900 metres high, on the mountain's north face, lies an all­important source of pure_(纯净的)water. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．It's reported that three people_were_killed(kill) in this fire last weekend. 2．These elderly have_been_looked(look) after very well since they moved to the nursing home. 3．Never worry about its quality.The cloth washes(wash) easily. 4．As far as I know, he is kind and very easy to_get(get) along with. 5．I don't know when the new machine will_be_tested(test) out, perhaps next week. 6．As_is_stated(state) in the article above, the extreme climate changes have done great harm to the country. 7．Afraid of being_attacked(attack) by sharks, people dare not go swimming in the sea. 8．Several books had_been_published(publish) by the time he graduated from university. 9．The building to_be_completed(complete) next week will be used as a job training centre for the disabled. 10．If you visit our school next week, you will be amazed that a modern stadium_is_being_constructed(construct) here. Ⅲ.用合适的语态完成下列句子 1．到上个月月底，所有的书都卖出去了。 By the end of last month，all the books_had_been_sold_out. 2．你认为这水喝着安全吗？ Do you think_the_water_is_safe_to_drink? 3．我很感激两年前给予我的出国留学的机会。 I appreciated having_been_given_the_chance_to study abroad two years ago. 4．在这样的好天气里被关在家里真是遗憾。 It's a pity_to_be_kept_in_the_house_in such fine weather. 5．这套书很有教育意义，非常值得多读几遍。 This set of books are very instructive and are_well_worth_reading several times. Ⅳ.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The major construction work on the world's longest cross­sea bridge __1__ (complete) on Oct.24th, 2018, which connects Zhuhai in Guangdong Province with Hong Kong and Macao.A ceremony __2__ (hold) in Zhuhai to celebrate its completion soon. More than 400,000 tonnes of steel__3__ (use) for the 6.7 km undersea tunnel and 22.9 km bridge.Therefore, the bridge __4__ (name) “one of its seven wonders of the modern world near completion” by a British newspaper. The travel time from Hong Kong to both Zhuhai and Macao __5__ (cut) greatly.History__6__ (make) in many aspects by the project.For example, maritime protection was taken seriously as the construction region__7__ (overlap) with the reserve of Chinese white dolphins. It was the first time that an immersed tube tunnel__8__ (build) in open waters in China.Besides, it__9__ (predict) that the bridge __10__ (operate) for 120 years.If it were not for the progress of “Made in China”， the construction couldn't have been realized in such a short time. The “China technology” and “China standard” set by the Hong Kong­Zhuhai­Macao Bridge will even influence the world market. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了港珠澳大桥，包括大桥的建造、外观、独特之处和重要性等。 1．was completed　[考查动词的时态语态。句意：世界上最长的跨海大桥的主要建设工程于2018年10月24日完成，它将广东省的珠海与香港和澳门连接起来。分析可知此处为主句谓语动词，根据时间状语on Oct.24th, 2018可知应用一般过去时，主语bridge和complete之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，注意主谓一致。故填was completed。] 2．would be held　[考查动词的时态和语态。句意：很快，珠海即将举行竣工庆典。结合语境和时间状语soon可知，此处是站在过去看将来，应用过去将来时，主语ceremony和hold之间为被动关系，故用过去将来时的被动语态。故填would be held。] 3．have been used　[考查动词的时态语态。句意：6.7公里长的海底隧道和22.9公里长的大桥已经使用了40多万吨钢材。结合语境可知，此处强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，主语More than 400,000 tonnes of steel和use之间为被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，注意主谓一致。故填have been used。] 4．was named　[考查动词的时态和语态。句意：因此，这座桥被一家英国报纸命名为“即将完工的现代世界七大奇迹之一”。结合语境可知，英国这家报纸给大桥命名的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，主语bridge和name之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，注意主谓一致。故填was named。] 5．will be cut　[考查动词的时态语态。句意：从香港到珠海和澳门的旅行时间将大大减少。结合上下文可知，大桥还未竣工，因此减少旅行时的动作还未发生，应用一般将来时，主语The travel time和cut之间为被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态，故填will be cut。] 6．has been made　[考查动词的时态和语态。句意：这项工程在许多方面都创造了历史。结合语境可知，此处表达过去的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，主语history和make之间为被动关系，故应用现在完成时的被动语态，注意主谓一致。故填has been made。] 7．is overlapped　[考查动词的时态和时态。句意：例如，由于施工区域与中华白海豚保护区重叠，海洋保护受到重视。根据句意，此处为固定短语be overlapped with“与……重叠”，分析可知，此处为原因状语从句的谓语动词，此处描述一般事实，应用一般现在时，主语region是单数，be动词用is。故填is overlapped。] 8．had been built　[考查动词的时态语态。句意：这是我国首次在开阔水域修建沉管隧道。根据固定句型：it was the first time that sb./sth.had done...“这是某人/物第一次做某事”可知，that引导的定语从句应用过去完成时，主语an immersed tube tunnel和build之间为被动关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been built。] 9．is predicted　[考查动词的时态和语态。句意：此外，据估计这座桥将/能够使用120年。此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；分析可知，it为形式主语，真正的主语为that从句，它和predict之间为被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，it is predicted that...“据估计……”。故填is predicted。] 10．can/will/shall be operated　[考查动词的时态和语态。句意：此外，据估计这座桥将/能够/应该使用120年。分析可知，设空处为主语从句的谓语动词，主语the bridge和operate之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；结合语境，此处表示这座桥将会、能够或者应该使用120年，故需用情态动词will/can/shall，它们后接动词原形。故填can/will/shall be operated。] [能力提升] Ⅰ.阅读理解 Han Tianheng picked up a carving knife at the age of 6 and never put it down.Today, the 79 year­old artist, one of China's most respected living masters of seal carving(印章雕刻), calligraphy and Chinese painting, still remembers the incident the first time he held a knife in his hand. “I cut my thumb badly and was horrified by the bloody sight，” he said, adding that his mother applied ashes because she couldn't afford to take him to a hospital.“The cut left a scar, which is still clear today.” An eye for an eye and blood for blood, the incident didn't set him back.Instead, it aroused his passion for the ancient art form.He was determined to pursue a path that would lead to a career in seal carving.Han said. The journey of art exploration was a little bumpy for the young man in his quest for excellence, and his seal works were harshly criticized by a famous old painter. Most would have crumbled under the criticism, not Han.It made him even more determined.After six months' hard work, he visited the painter again. “This time, he asked me to carve a seal for him.This was positive affirmation，” Han said.“Praise and criticism are what an artist should learn to handle all his life.Praise is candy and criticism is medicine.We can live without candy, but cannot live without medicine when ill.” Han rose to fame during the early 1960s famous for bird and insect seal art.Han's seals are an essential ending part on the paintings of a long list of well­established artists. “A seal for a good painting is like the buttons for an haute couture(高档女子时装)．An experienced tailor always knows how to choose buttons that matches the whole style，” Han said. His seals are full of variety－the grand and solemn for Liu Haisu's paintings, light and vivid for Lu Yanshao's, graceful and gentle for Xie Zhiliu's. “A good seal carver should keep his own style, and at the same time go well with the painting's style.” he said. 1．What influence did the incident have on Han when he was six? A．He got injured very seriously. B．He learned how to use a knife. C．It aroused his interest in seal carving. D．It helped him learn how hard life was. 2．Which best describes Han's journey of art exploration? A．Smooth and fruitful. B．Inspiring and lucky. C．Boring but worthwhile. D．Tough but rewarding. 3．In Han's opinion, what do an experienced tailor and a good seal carver share? A．The huge respect they earn. B．The flexibility they display at work. C．The targeted customers they serve. D．The efforts they have to make to succeed. 4．In which section of a newspaper does this text most probably appear? A．Education.　　　　 B．Events. C．Entertainment. D．People. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了中国篆刻大师韩天衡的生平经历，着重讲述了年少时学习篆刻艺术时克服困难的一些事迹。 1．C　[细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Instead, it aroused his passion for the ancient art form.”可知，这次受伤事件不仅没有挫败他，反而激起了他对于篆刻艺术的热情。故选C项。] 2．D　[推理判断题。根据第四段“The journey of art exploration was a little bumpy for the young man in his quest for excellence”可知，探索艺术的道路是充满波折和困难的，他受到过很多批评，但下文中他最终取得了很高的成就，可见回报也是丰厚的。D选项“艰难但有收获的”符合文意。故选D项。] 3．B　[推理判断题。根据倒数第三段韩的原话“A seal for a good painting is like the buttons for an haute couture(高档女子时装)．An experienced tailor always knows how to choose buttons that matches the whole style”可知，和裁缝一样，印章的篆刻也要求与作品整体的风格相搭配，即每一个作品都要搭配不同风格的印章，B选项在这里理解为“他们展示在作品中的灵活性、适应性”与文意相符。故选B项。] 4．D　[推理判断题。文章以“Han Tianheng picked up a carving knife at the age of 6 and never put it down.”这样介绍人物的句子开门见山，且全文都围绕韩天衡的生平经历展开，应该最可能在介绍人物的版块出现。故选D项。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Whenever I moved to a new city, the first thing I did was to hire a bicycle.Why? __1__ You travel much faster than on foot and you notice so much more of your surroundings than when in a bus or a car.It's more appealing to wander down small streets if they seem interesting, as you can quickly get back to the main road.Besides, I soon discovered more benefits of cycling. A bicycle means that fewer places, especially in a small city like the one where I live now, feel far away.For example, cycling to work takes me half the time that it would to walk. __2__ Of course, there are obvious health benefits of cycling－a bit of extra movement as part of your daily routine can help you keep fit and healthy.Cycling on my way to work also makes me feel more energetic in the mornings. __3__ While cars pollute the environment，bicycles are carbon neutral (碳平衡的)．Furthermore, thanks to being petrol­free, bicycles are cheaper to run, buy and fix than cars.Even if you don't own a car，a bicycle can pay for itself when compared to the price of bus tickets. __4__ Always wear a helmet, pay attention to other traffic and don't forget your lights at night.Make sure you know the road rules, especially in a new place.Some cities are more bicycle­friendly than others.__5__Luckily, where I live now is quite easy to ride a bicycle around, thanks to having lots of cycle lanes and not too many hills! A．However, be careful when you are cycling. B．But sometimes city roads are difficult for cyclists. C．I should learn to ride safely on the right of the road. D．Importantly, cycling also helps to decrease your carbon footprint. E．Cycling to work is fit for whoever wants to save their pocket money. F．Riding a bicycle also means you aren't limited by the bus timetables. G．Seeing a city by bicycle is perfect for settling in and learning your way around. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍骑自行车的益处。 1．G　[上文Whenever I moved to a new city, the first thing I did was to hire a bicycle.Why？与G项承接自然，选项对why的回答，是作者选择骑自行车的原因之一，故选G项。] 2．F　[上文For example, cycling to work takes me half the time that it would to walk.与F项承接自然，上下文都谈论骑自行车在时间方面的优势，故选F项。] 3．D　[下文While cars pollute the environment，bicycles are carbon neutral (碳平衡的)．与D项承接自然，上下文都讲述骑自行车在环保方面的作用，carbon是关键词，故选D项。] 4．A　[下文Always wear a helmet, pay attention to other traffic and don't forget your lights at night.与A项承接自然，下文是骑自行车小心的具体做法，故选A项。] 5．B　[上文Some cities are more bicycle­friendly than others.与B项承接自然，上下文是明显的转折关系，故选B项。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $