Unit 5 Section Ⅳ Developing ideas & Presenting ideas-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册五维课堂教师用书word（外研版）

本讲义围绕“回归自然”主题，通过对比陶渊明与梭罗的生活转变及作品，系统梳理核心词汇（如superficially, withdraw）、复杂句式（定语从句、状语从句）及文化内涵。以原文译文对照、注解助读、阅读理解题（主旨、结构、细节）为学习支架，帮助学生从语言理解过渡到文化分析。 资料特色在于融合文化意识与思维品质培养，通过中外文人自然观对比，引导学生理解不同文化背景下的人与自然关系，提升跨文化认知。词汇精讲（如influential用法）和句式精析（如while引导让步状语从句）强化语言能力，课中辅助教师系统授课，课后检测（完形填空、写作）助力学生巩固查漏。

Section Ⅳ　Developing ideas & Presenting ideas 　　　　　　　　　　对应学生用书P95 注解助读 原文呈现 参考译文 ①superficially adv.表面地；浅薄地 ②separate v．(使)分离，分开 ③polar opposite截然相反 ④intense adj.强烈的 ⑤influential adj.有影响的；有势力的 ⑥dramatic adj.戏剧的；急剧的 ⑦transformation n．转化；转换 ⑧reconnect with和……重新连接； 和……重新联系 ⑨conflicted adj.(感觉)相互矛盾的 ⑩quit vt.离开；放弃 ⑪for good永久地 ⑫spend...(in) doing sth.花时间做某事 ⑬arduous adj.努力的；费力的 ⑭succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事 ⑮draw pleasure from从中获得乐趣 ⑯reaction to对……的反应 ⑰be opposed to 反对 ⑱decent adj.正派的；得体的；相当好的 ⑲cottage n．小屋；村舍 ⑳on the edge of在…边缘 focus on集中于 deliberately adv.故意地；谨慎地 essential adj.基本的；必要的 withdraw from退出；离开 contemporary adj.同时期的；当代的 harmonious adj.和谐的 quietness n．平静，安静 Back to Nature 1．Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau were both poets, but one lived in Ancient China and the other in 19th century America.Superficially①， these two men, 　whose lives were separated②in time by nearly 1,500 years　(1), were polar opposites③.And yet they shared an intense④ respect for nature, 　which made them each an influential⑤ figure of their time　(2)． 2．Both men made dramatic⑥ transformations⑦ to their lives　 in order to reconnect with⑧ nature　(3). As an official in the Eastern Jin Dynasty，Tao felt conflicted⑨ over life at court. In 405, he quit⑩ the service of the court for good⑪， 　expressing_his_unhappiness_in_the_now_famous_line　(4) 　that_he_would_not_“bow_like_a_servant_　　in return for five dou of grain　”(5). He spent the next 22 years until his death working⑫ the land in a poor，rural area.From his poetry, we can learn 　that_although_his_life_was_　　arduous⑬， he succeeded in finding⑭ contentment in its simplicity and in drawing pleasure from⑮ nature　(6)． (1)whose引导定语从句，先行词为two men。 (2) which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的句子。 (3)in order to...作目的状语。 (4)动词­ing形式作状语，表示伴随。 (5)that 引导同位语从句，解释名词unhappiness的内容。 (6)that 引导宾语从句，作learn的宾语。其中although 引导让步状语从句。 3．　While Tao's return to nature was a reaction to⑯ a lifestyle he was opposed to⑰　(7)(8), Thoreau's was a personal decision to transform the way　_he_lived　(9). He had a decent⑱ quality of life, but he wanted to live in a simpler way. For two years, two months and two days，he lived in a cottage⑲ in the forest on the edge of⑳ Walden Pond, 　focusing on himself and his writing　(10). He explained his reason for doing so in Walden：“I went to the woods 　because I wished to live deliberately， to front only the essential facts of life　(11)．”Both men were happy　 to withdraw from contemporary life　(12)，　seeking a harmonious relationship with nature　(13) in the quietness of their lives. (7)while引导让步状语从句。 (8) he was opposed to为省略引导词的定语从句。 (9)he lived为省略引导词that或in which的定语从句，先行词the way。 (10) 现在分词作状语，表示伴随。 (11)because引导原因状语从句。 (12)不定式作状语，修饰谓语动词。 (13)动词­ing形式作状语，表示伴随。 回归大自然 1．陶渊明和亨利·大卫·梭罗都是诗人，但是一位生活在古代中国，另一位生活在19世纪的美国。表面上看，这两个人生活在不同的时代，相隔近一千五百年，迥然不同。然而，他们都非常尊重自然，这使得他们在各自的时代都成为有影响力的人物。 2．为了重归自然，两人的生活都发生了戏剧性的转变。陶渊明是东晋的官员，但是对官场生活感到困惑。公元405年，陶渊明辞去了官职，以表达他对仕途的不满，用今天的一句名言形容就是“不为五斗米折腰”。在之后的22年里，直到生命的尽头，他躬耕于田野，生活在清贫的农村。我们可以从他的诗歌中看出，尽管生活艰苦，但他从这种简单的生活中成功获得了满足感，并从大自然中获得了乐趣。 3．陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应，而梭罗则是出于个人的决定而改变自己的生活方式。虽然梭罗过着体面的生活，但他希望活得更简单些。两年两个月零两天，他住在瓦尔登湖边森林里的一间小屋里，专注于自身和写作。他在《瓦尔登湖》中解释了这样做的原因：“我步入丛林，是因为我希望自由地生活，只面对生活中的基本事实。”两个人都乐于从当下的生活中抽身而退，在平静的生活中寻求与自然和谐的关系。 in other words换句话说 domestic adj.家庭的；驯养的 in contrast to与……形成对照 critical adj.批评的 depressive adj.抑郁的；压抑的 description n．描述，描写 emphasise vt.强调 purity n．纯洁；纯净 devote oneself to致力于；献身于 aim to目标在于……，目的是 convince vt.说服；使确信，使信服 considerable adj.相当大的；重要的 try to do 尽量，尽力做某事 try doing 尝试做某事 lead...to 引导某人去…… reflective adj.反射的；反映的；沉思的 attain vt.达到，实现 fulfilment n. 实现；成就 　　4.　Although_Tao_and_Thoreau_do_not_treat_nature_in_quite_the_same_way　(14), their works show its beauty and value. Tao's nature is a place of fields and villages, in other words， rural, and his animals are domestic ones, such as chickens and dogs. The calm and peaceful life 　he_wrote_about　(15) is in contrast to and critical of the depressive court life： Beyond the dark and distance lies a village， The smoke above reluctant to depart. A dog is barking somewhere down the lane， And chickens sit atop the mulberry tree. (14)although 引导让步状语从句。 (15) he wrote about为省略了引导词的定语从句，先行词为life。 5．Thoreau's descriptions of nature emphasised the beauty and purity of the wild areas around him. 　Devoting himself to observations of the natural phenomena　(16), he recorded his detailed findings in his journals. Thoreau's writing aimed to convince people 　that_animals_and_plants_had_a_right_to_live_and_prospe　r(17), 　as_we_do　(18). We should live with them in harmony and enjoy nature's gifts, 　as_he_describes_in_his_journals　(19)： Live in each season as it passes; breathe the air, drink the drink，taste the fruit, and resign yourself to the influences of each. Let them be your only diet, drink and botanical medicines. 6．　It takes considerable courage to reject the easy and familiar　(20) and instead try to live closer to nature, 　as_both_Tao_and_Thoreau_did　(21)．Their choices led them to quiet and reflective lives with fewer material desires. In today's modern world, their ideas about 　living_simply_and_being_at_ease_with_nature_　(22)may take us a step closer to attaining personal well­being and fulfilment. (16)现在分词作状语，表示伴随。 (17)that 引导宾语从句。 (18)as引导方式状语从句。 (19)as引导定语从句，先行词为前面的句子。 (20) It takes...to...为固定句型，it为形式主语，不定式为真正主语。 (21) as引导方式状语从句。 (22)动词­ing形式作介词about的宾语。 　　4.尽管陶渊明和梭罗对待自然的方式不同，但他们的作品都展现了自然的美丽和价值。陶渊明的自然是田野和村庄，换句话说，是田园。他的动物们都是家养的，比如鸡和狗。他描写的平静祥和的生活，与压抑的官场生活形成鲜明对比，是对压抑的官场生活的批判： 暖暖远人村， 依依墟里烟。 狗吠深巷中， 鸡鸣桑树颠。 5．梭罗在描述自然时，重点描绘了他周围原野的美丽与纯粹。他全身心投入到观察自然现象中，并在日记中详细地记录了自己的发现。梭罗的写作意在使人们信服，动物和植物就像我们人类一样都有生存和繁荣的权利。我们应该与它们和谐共处，受大自然的恩赐，正如他在日记中描述的那样： 好好度过每一个季节，呼吸新鲜的空气，畅饮美酒，品尝水果，尽情享受这一切。让生活中只有饮食和草药。 6．像陶渊明和梭罗那样，拒绝简单熟悉的事物，转而尝试亲近大自然，这需要相当大的勇气。他们的选择使他们过上了平静而沉思的生活，物质欲望减少了。在今天这个现代世界，他们关于简单生活和与自然和谐相处的想法，可能会让我们离获得个人幸福和满足感更近一步。 对应学生用书P97 Ⅰ.Reading for main idea 　What's the main idea of the passage? A．Tao Yuanming and Thoreau were both influential poets of their day. B．Tao Yuanming and Thoreau both treated nature in the same way. C．Tao Yuanming and Thoreau were both fond of seeking harmony in nature in their quiet life. D．Tao Yuanming and Thoreau were both enthusiastic about living to serve at court. 答案：C Ⅱ.Reading for structure Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau were both poets and 1. 　returned_　 to nature. Though living in different time，they showed 2.　_respect　 for nature. Reasons they return to nature ◆Tao felt 3. 　conflicted　 over life at court. ◆He 4.　quit　 the service of the court for good, expressing his unhappiness to court. ◆Thoreau's was a personal decision to 5. 　transform　 the way he lived. ◆He wanted to live in a 6.　simpler　 way. The features they describe nature ◆Tao's nature is a place of fields and villages where animals are 7. 　domestic　 ones. ◆Thoreau's descriptions of nature 8. 　emphasised　 the beauty and purity of the wild areas around him. Influence Their ideas about living simply and being at ease 9.　with　 nature may take us a step closer to 10.　attaining_　personal well­being and fulfilment. Ⅲ.Reading for the detains 1．Why did Tao Yuanming quit the service of the court? A．He was paid only five dou of grain. B．He was tired of the conflict over life at court. C．He could live a decent life in the rural area. D．He was forced to do this by his superior. 2．What's the reason for Thoreau's return to nature? A．He wanted to seek a peaceful life. B．He wanted to live a decent life. C．He was forced by the conflict to do so. D．The life he lived then was too arduous(艰苦的)． 3．What is the feature of Tao's works? A．A depressive court life. B．Frontier style. C．Jungle scenery. D．Fields and villages. 4．The author wants people to 　________　 according to the passage. A．live a life in the countryside B．attain personal well­being and fulfilment C．live with as much material as we can D．live a free life 答案：1－4　BADB Ⅳ.Post­reading Although separated in time by nearly 1,500 years, both Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau 1.　shared　(share) an intense respect for nature. Conflicted over life at court, in 405, Tao quit the service of the court for good,2.　expressing　(express) his unhappiness in his poems, finding contentment in simplicity and drawing pleasure from nature. 3.　Similarly　(similar), Thoreau wanted to live in a simpler way, focusing on 4.　himself　(him) and his writing. While they did not treat nature in quite the same way, their 5.　works　(work) show its beauty and value. Tao's nature is a place of fields and villages while Thoreau's descriptions of nature emphasised the beauty and 6.　purity　(pure) of the wild areas around him. The calm and peaceful life Tao wrote about is in contrast to and critical of the depressive court life. On 7.　the　 other hand, Thoreau's writing aimed to convince people that animals and plants had a right to live and prosper,8.　as　 we do. We should live with them in harmony and enjoy nature's gifts. During their times, it took great courage 9.　to_reject　 (reject) the easy and familiar and instead try to live closer to nature. Nowadays, their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature are still valued by those 10.　who　 want personal well­being and fulfilment. 对应学生用书P98 [重点单词] 1．　superficially　 adv.表面(上)地 2．　bow　 v．鞠躬 3．　rural　 adj.农村的，乡村的 4．　decent　 adj.可接受的，相当好的 5．　cottage　 n．乡村小屋 6．　deliberately　 adv.不慌不忙地，从容不迫地 7．　domestic　 adj.驯养的；家养的 8．　reluctant　 adj.不情愿的；勉强的 9．　atop　 prep.在……顶上 10．　resign　 v．使自己顺从于(做)某事；安于 11．　attain　 v．得到，获得 12．　depressive　 adj.抑郁的→　depress　 v．使抑郁→　depression　 n．抑郁(症)；沮丧，消沉 13．　withdraw　 v．退出→　withdrawal　 n．收回；撤退 14．　depart　 v．离开→　departure　 n．离开 15．　purity　 n．纯洁；洁净→　pure　 adj.纯洁的，纯净的→　purify　 v．使洁净；净化 16．　botanical　 adj.植物(学)的→　botany　 n．植物学 17．　reject　 v．冷落，嫌弃，厌弃→　rejection　 n．拒绝 18．　ease　 n．舒适，悠闲→　easy　 adj.容易的 19．　fulfilment　 n．满足(感)→　fulfil　 v．实现；使满意 20．　evaluate　 v．评估，评价→　evaluation　 n．评估 [重点短语] 1．　in_return_for　　　　　作为对……的回报 2．　be_opposed_to　 反对 3．　focus_on　 集中于，聚焦于 4．　in_other_words　 换句话说 5．　in_contrast_to　 与……形成对照 6．　at_ease_with　 不拘束，放松 7. 　resign_oneself_to　 使听从于；顺从 8. 　devote_oneself_to　 致力于；献身于 9. 　withdraw_from　 退出；离开 10. 　too...to　 太……而不能…… [句式精析] 1．While Tao's return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to，Thoreau's was a personal decision to transform the way he lived. [句式分析]　句中while 引导让步状语从句；he was opposed to为定语从句，先行词a lifestyle，引导词 that或in which省去；he lived也为定语从句，先行词the way引导词that或in which省去，the way在句中作状语。 试译：　虽然陶渊明回归自然是对他所反对的生活方式的一种反应，而梭罗的归隐则是改变他生活方式的个人决定。　 2．We should live with them in harmony and enjoy nature's gifts，as he describes in his journals. [句式分析]　as作关系代词引导非限制性定语从句。 试译：　我们应该和它们和谐相处，享受大自然的恩赐，正如他在日记中所描述的那样。　 对应学生用书P98 [词汇精讲] 1 And yet they shared an intense respect for nature，which made them each an influential figure of their time. 然而，他们对自然有着强烈的尊重，这使得他们每个人成了那个时代有影响力的人物。 *influential adj.有很大影响的，有支配力的 ◆[佳句感知] 　She is one of the most influential figures in local politics. 她是本地政坛举足轻重的人物之一。 [知识积累] influence　　　　　　　　v．影响，起作用 n．影响，作用 influence upon/on sb./sth. 对……产生影响 under the influence of 在……的影响下 have an influence on/upon... 对……有影响 ◆[学以致用] 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①When discussing 　influential　(influence) modern artists, three names immediately come to mind. ②This example has a great influence 　upon/on　 young people. ③He was arrested on suspicion of driving 　under　 the influence of alcohol. ④Van Gogh 　had_a_major_influence_on　 the development of modern painting. 梵·高对现代绘画的发展有着重大的影响。 2 In 405，he quit the service of the court for good，expressing his unhappiness in the now famous line that he would not“bow like a servant in return for five dou of grain”． 在公元405年，他辞去朝廷的官职，用现在流行的“不为五斗米折腰”表达了他的不悦。 *in return for作为回报 ◆[佳句感知] 　In return for your kindness，I would like to invite you to dinner. 作为对你好意的报答，我想请你吃饭。 [知识积累] in turn　　　　　　　　　　轮流；相应地 by turns 轮流；交替 take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事 take turns (in) doing sth. 轮流做某事 ◆[学以致用] 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Can I buy you lunch in return 　for　 your help? ②We clean the blackboard 　in_　turn every week. ③When George had a fever, he felt cold and hot 　by　 turns. ④The students take turns 　to_clean/cleaning　 (clean)up their classroom. ⑤You sell them your time and labor　_in_return_for_your_salary　. 你出售时间和劳力换来薪水。 ⑥My husband and I 　take_turns_doing/_to_do_the_dishes　 every day. 我丈夫和我天天轮流洗碗。 3 While Tao's return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to，Thoreau's was a personal decision to transform the way he lived. 尽管陶渊明回归大自然是对他反对的生活方式作出的反应，梭罗改变他的生活方式则是一个私人决定。 *reaction n．反应，回应 (常与to连用) ◆[佳句感知] 　There has been a mixed reaction to her appointment as director. 对她获任命为主管一事，人们的反应褒贬不一。 [知识积累] react v．　　　　　反应，对……作出反应 react with 同……反应 react to 对……反应 ◆[学以致用] 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①People's reaction 　to　 the film has varied greatly. ②The zirconium can react 　with　 water to produce zirconium oxide and hydrogen. ③My instinctive 　reaction　 (react)was to deny everything. ④Only when we　_react_to_emergencies　 in life calmly, can we solve problems in a better way. 只有当我们冷静应对紧急状况时，我们才能更好地解决问题。 4 Both men were happy to withdraw from contemporary life，seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their lives. 两人都乐于从当代的生活中抽身而退，在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。 *withdraw v．退出 ◆[佳句感知] 　(2021·天津卷)Henry David Thoreau was happy to withdraw from social life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life. 亨利·大卫·梭罗乐于从社交生活中抽身出来，在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。 [知识积累] withdraw from从……撤出，撤回 withdraw money from the bank从银行取款 withdraw one's eyes from把视线从……移开 (不再看……) withdraw a remark收回评论 withdrawal n．收回；撤回；取款 ◆[学以致用] 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Tell the men to withdraw 　from　 their new position. ②I'd like to withdraw 1,000 dollars 　from　 my savings account and put it in my cheque account. ③He has made several 　withdrawals　(withdrawal)from his bank account. ④A back injury forced her　_to_withdraw_from_　Wimbledon. 一处背伤迫使她退出了温布尔登网球赛。 5 Live in each season as it passes; breathe the air，drink the drink，taste the fruit，and resign yourself to the influences of each. 度过每一个季节；呼吸空气，喝水，品尝水果，让自己感受它们对你的影响。 *resign v．使自己顺从于(做)某事；安于；辞职；辞去(工作、职位等) ◆[佳句感知] 　She told the family of her decision to resign. 她告诉家里人她要辞职的决定。 [知识积累] resign one's post/position　　辞去职务 resign oneself to (doing)sth. 听任/顺从/只好 接受(做)某事 resign...to... 把……托付 给…… resign from... 从……辞职 ◆[学以致用] 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I've resigned myself to 　staying　(stay) in again tonight. ②Wilberforce then resigned 　from　 government in 1825 and died in 1833. ③She resigned her children　_to_　the care of the nursery. ④You must 　resign_yourselves_to_waiting　 a bit longer. 你们必须忍气吞声地再等一会儿。 6 In today's modern world，their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature may take us a step closer to attaining personal well­being and fulfilment. 在当今现代世界里，他们关于简朴生活及与自然和谐相处的思想可能会让我们离获得安乐和满足更近一步。 *ease n．舒适，放松，悠闲vt.减轻(痛苦、忧虑)；缓和 ◆[佳句感知] 　My parents are retired and now live a life of ease. 现在，我的父母都退休了，过着安闲舒适的生活。 [知识积累] take one's ease　　　使某人放松一下 at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在 put sb.at ease 使某人感到轻松自在； 使某人安心 feel/look at ease 感到/看上去心情放松 with ease 容易地；毫不费劲地 ease sb.of sth. 减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等) ◆[学以致用] 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He handed her a cup of coffee to put her 　at　 ease. ②Yet both countries now appear more at ease 　with　 each other. ③Anne was intelligent and capable of passing her exams 　with　 ease. ④I 　don't_feel_at_ease　 in the strange place. 在这个陌生的地方，我觉得很不自在。 ⑤Now he can 　put_his_mind_at_ease　 because he has passed the examination. 现在他可以放心了，因为他已经通过了考试。 7 A comparative essay compares，contrasts and evaluates two or more topics. 比较类文章比较、对比和评价两个或两个以上的主题。 *evaluate v．评估，评价 ◆[佳句感知] 　A committee of teachers will evaluate materials and give opinions. 教师委员会将对材料进行评估并给出意见。 [知识积累] evaluate sb.on/by　　　根据……评价某人 evaluation n. 估计；评价 make an evaluation of 对……进行评估 ◆[学以致用] (1)单句语法填空/完成句子 ①We must evaluate her ability 　on/by　 her work. ②The way the guests were treated in the hotel influenced their 　evaluation　 (evaluate) of the service. ③The school has only been open for six months，so it's hard 　to_evaluate_its_success_now　. 该学校仅开办了六个月，所以现在还很难估计它的成就。 (2)同义句转换 ④We must evaluate the consequences caused by the fire. →We must 　make_an_evaluation_of　 the consequences caused by the fire. [句式精析] 1 While Tao's return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to，Thoreau's was a personal decision to transform the way he lived. 陶渊明回归自然是对他所反对的生活方式的一种反应，而梭罗则是个人的决定，为了改变他的生活方式。 　[句式分析]　句中while引导让步状语从句， 相当于although/though。 ◆[佳句感知] 　While I admit that the problems are difficult，I don't agree that they cannot be solved. 尽管我承认这些问题很棘手，但我不同意说它们无法解决。 [知识积累] (1)while用作并列连词，表对比，意为“而”。 (2)while用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“在……期间，当……的时候”。从句中的谓语动词通常是延续性动词。 (3)while用作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，相当于although/though。 (4)while用作从属连词，引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”，相当于as long as。 (5)while用作名词，意为“一会儿；一段时间”。 此时主要用于短语中：after a while过了一会儿；for a while暂时，一会儿；all the while一直，始终等。 ◆[学以致用] 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①　While/although/though　 he was tired，he went on working. ②Some people waste food 　while　 others haven't enough. ③　While_there_is_life　，there is hope. 只要有生命就有希望。 ④　While/When_she_was_listening_to_the_radio　，she fell asleep. 她听着收音机睡着了。 ⑤　He_sat_for_a_while　，thinking about what Janice had said to him. 他坐了一会儿，想着贾妮丝跟他说过的话。 2 Devoting himself to observations of the natural phenomena，he recorded his detailed findings in his journals. 致力于观察自然现象，他在他的日志中详细记录了他的发现。 　[句式分析]　Devoting himself to...现在分词(非谓语)在句子中作状语，通常表示主语在进行的另一伴随动作，用来对谓语动词表示的动作加以修饰或作为陪衬。 ◆[佳句感知] 　Watching the football match attentively，Tom received a phone call from his father. 汤姆正在专心地看足球比赛，这时他接到了父亲的一个电话。 [知识积累] 现在分词作状语可表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随动作，相当于相对应的状语从句或者并列句。 ◆[学以致用] (1)单句语法填空/完成句子 ①　Working　(work)hard，you'll succeed. ②　Reaching　 (reach)his arm long enough，the boy got the dictionary down from the top of the bookshelf. ③Their car was caught in a traffic jam，thus 　causing　(cause) the delay. ④　Not_knowing_how_to_work_out_the_difficult_math_problem　，he asked the teacher for help. 因为不知道如何解出这道数学难题，他向老师求助。 ⑤　Having_lived_with_the_girl_for_years　，we all know her well. 和那个女孩儿生活了几年，我们都非常了解她。 (2)同义句转换 ⑥Although it weighed one hundred jin，the stone was moved by him alone. →　Weighing_one_hundred_jin　，the stone was moved by him alone. ⑦The children ran out of the classroom, and they laughed and talked happily. →The children ran out of the classroom，　laughing_and_talking_happily　. 对应学生课时P61 基础检测 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．The survey was carried out in both urban and 　rural　 (乡村)areas. 2．The majority of people around here are 　decent　 (像样的) people. 3．The studio is midway between his aunt's old home and his 　cottage　 (小屋)． 4．There have been calls for Britain to 　withdraw　(退出) from the EU. 5．Output consists of both exports and sales on the 　domestic　(国内的) market. 6．Of course, if you already have severe 　depressive_　(抑郁的)symptoms, then seek help right away. 7．The mayor will 　resign　(辞职) if the vote goes against him. 8．There is always a chance that the body will　_reject　(拒绝) the transplant. 9．Are you courageous enough to 　attain　(实现) that goal that you set? 10．Writing down your progress allows you to objectively 　evaluate　(评估) your work. Ⅱ.短语填空 in return for；draw...from；reaction to；withdraw from；be opposed to；resign oneself to；in other words；in contrast to；devote oneself to；focus on 1．　In_contrast_to　 my previous impression, the atmosphere here is not tense at all. 2．We can 　draw　 some lessons for the future 　from　 this accident. 3．I'd like to treat you to a meal 　in_return_for　 your timely help. 4．You can't control what happens but you can control your 　reaction_to　 it. 5．John 　withdrew_from　 school a year before he graduated due to the incident of his home. 6．Our meeting today 　focuses_on　 the question of children's rights. 7. She was not a woman who 　resigned_herself_to　 fate, so she gained respect from others. 8．With the final exam approaching, we should limit our time on WeChat and 　devote_ourselves_to　 our study. 9．China 　is_opposed_to　 the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. 10．They asked him to leave；　in_other_words　， he was fired. Ⅲ.单句语法填空 1．The 　description　(describe) of the rural life made me spend a whole week in the countryside. 2．In common with many people，I like white colour as it is a symbol of 　purity　(pure). 3．Tom 　resigned　(resign) from the company in order to get a better­paid job. 4．Always believe that your goal is 　attainable　(attain) as long as you commit yourself to it. 5．It is widely acknowledged that students should be 　evaluated　 (evaluate) in terms of overall quality. 6．The project had been 　rejected　(reject)，so we didn't need to work. 7．The significance of this is that we can detect if a person has 　depressive　(depress) symptoms. 8．　Withdrawing　 (withdraw) from the people and the world，the boy eventually became a heavy Internet user with some mental problems. 9．His 　reaction　(react) to her visit is mixed.It is a mixture of excitement and worry. 10．On hearing his son's 　survival　(survive)，the worried mother burst into tears. 能力提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解 Population data for European mountain birds have been for the first time combined in a recent study，with worrying results: the abundances of mountain­specialist birds has declined by as much as 10% in the 2000s. Ecological communities in mountain areas include species not found in any other habitats.These species are also very susceptible to climate change，as global warming is reducing their liveable habitats.In principle，species may relocate further up the mountains，but closer to the top their habitat inevitably shrinks. According to the new article，the abundance of European mountain birds has in fact declined in line with climate change projections. The recently released study examined the population trends of 44 bird species in the 2000s in the mountain and fell regions of Fennoscandia，Great Britain，the Alps and the Iberian Peninsula.A decline was seen in 14 of the observed species，while eight of them saw significant increase. “On average，population decline among the species studied was 7% over the 13­year research period，making the situation of mountain birds distinctly worse compared to，for example，European forest birds，whose numbers did not change during the same period，”explains Aleksi Lehikoinen，an Academy of Finland research fellow at the Finnish Museum of Natural History Luomus (part of the University of Helsinki)，who headed the study. The situation is the 　direst　 for species that only inhabit mountain regions and are unable to live in other European environments.For these species，known as mountain specialists，the numbers dwindled by as much as 10% during the monitoring period. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了生活在欧洲的山鸟的生存状况。这些山鸟对气候变化非常敏感，而日趋严重的温室效应破坏了它们原本的栖息地，而它们却又无法在更高的地方生存，所以数量越来越少。 1．What can we get from the passage about European mountain birds? A．They are newly found species. B．They can be found at any place of the world. C．The number of the birds has decreased greatly. D．The number of the birds has increased greatly. 解析：C　[细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，这个令人担忧的结果就是山鸟的数量下降了。] 2．Why did the liveable habitats of the species reduce? A．Air pollutions. B．Global warming. C．Human activities. D．Competition with other species. 解析：B　[细节理解题。根据第二段第二句内容可知，温室效应破坏了山鸟的栖息环境。] 3．Which one is TRUE according to a recently released study? A．All 44 bird species decreased. B．Only 8 of the species declined. C．14 of the observed species declined. D．There was no change in the number of the bird species. 解析：C　[细节理解题。根据第四段第二句内容可知，在可观察的鸟当中有14种鸟的数量下降了。] 4．What does the word “direst” mean in the last paragraph? A．Serious.　　　　　 B．Useful. C．Suitable. D．Waterless. 解析：A　[词义猜测题。根据第五段第一句和第六段第二句可知，这种mountain­specialist birds减少的比率要比一般鸟高，也就是情况更严重。] Ⅱ.完形填空 If we redouble our efforts, our dream will come true. Chen Zuobin had　___1___　for 13 years already. Finally, he decided to become a　___2___　again. Born in a mountain village in Anhui Province, Chen Zuobin walked out of the　___3___　for study when he was 19. Though he had a　___4___　life as a creative director of an international agency in Shanghai, he couldn't remove the anxiety appearing in his dreams，“I　___5___　about countless branch roads several times a year. I didn't know which one leads to home. It made me feel terrible.”One day, Chen Zuobin woke up and said to his wife，“I want to go home.”　___6___　being surprised, his wife said，“Follow your heart. Don't worry about me.” The young couple returned to their hometown and　___7___　the Real Food Farm just to lead a real and simple life. Chen Zuobin shook off the　___8___　and tiredness from too many workloads in the city. Only in the mountains can they enjoy the　___9___　air. There isn't the smell of tail gas, but the smell of　___10___　when it shines over the woods. They live a life of“eating healthily and　___11___　well”． In a time when eating properly becomes a luxury(奢侈)in the　___12___　life, it's truly a right way to return to the　___13___　.“Life is a journey of　___14__　the proper way，”said Chen Zuobin. Those dreams about branch roads have　___15___　because he has found his own path. 1．A.dreamed　　　　　　 B．lived C．struggled D．hesitated 2．A.villager B．worker C．manager D．farmer 3．A.mountains B．nations C．deserts D．cities 4．A.tough B．successful C．simple D．uncomfortable 5．A.forgot B．worried C．dreamed D．cared 6．A.In terms of B．In spite of C．In charge of D．Instead of 7．A.left B．sold C．built D．ruined 8．A.anxiety B．loneliness C．sadness D．joy 9．A.warm B．thin C．smelly D．fresh 10．A.water B．dust C．sunlight D．smog 11．A.playing B．sleeping C．dressing D．studying 12．A.urban B．real C．rural D．family 13．A.work B．wildness C．beginning D．simplicity 14．A.changing B．directing C．leading D．finding 15．A.faded away B．passed away C．put away D．run away [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了已经在事业上相当成功的陈作斌夫妇决定再次成为农民。他们回到了他们的家乡，建立了真正的食物农场。他们只是为了过上真实而简单的生活。 1．C　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：陈作斌已经奋斗了13年。A.dreamed 梦想；B.lived 住；C.struggled 努力，奋斗；D.hesitated 迟疑不决。根据上文“If we redouble our efforts, our dream will come true.”可知，如果我们加倍努力，我们的梦想就会实现。由此可以推断出，陈作斌已经奋斗了13年。故选C项。] 2．D　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，他决定再次成为一个农民。A.villager 村民；B.worker工人；C.manager 经理；D.farmer 农民。根据下文“The young couple returned to their hometown and 　____7____　 the Real Food Farm just to lead a real and simple life.”可知，他和他的妻子一起回到了家乡农村，开办农场，可知他决定再次成为农民。故选D项。] 3．A　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：陈作斌出生在安徽的一个山村，19岁时走出山村求学。A.mountains 山脉；B.nations 民族，国家；C.deserts 沙漠；D.cities 城市。根据上文“Born in a mountain village in Anhui Province”可知，陈作斌出生在小山村，此处与上文mountain相呼应，表示其走出了山村。故选A项。] 4．B　[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然他在上海一家国际公司担任创意总监，生活很成功，但他无法消除梦中出现的焦虑。A.tough 艰苦的；B.successful 成功的；C.simple 简单的；D.uncomfortable 不舒适的。根据下文“as a creative director of an international agency in Shanghai”可知，他在上海一家国际广告公司担任创意总监，可推知他的生活很成功。故选B项。] 5．C　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一年好几次梦见无数条岔路。我不知道哪条路是通往家的。A.forgot 忘记；B.worried 担忧；C.dreamed 梦见；D.cared 关心。根据下文“he couldn't remove the anxiety appearing in his dreams”以及“about countless branch roads several times a year.”可知，这是他梦到的事物。故选C项。] 6．D　[考查固定短语辨析。句意：一天，陈作斌醒来对妻子说：“我要回家。”他的妻子对此没有感到惊讶，反而说：“跟着你的心走吧。别为我担心。”A.in terms of 依照，按照；B.in spite of 尽管；C.in charge of 负责；D.instead of 代替，而不是。根据下文“Follow your heart. Don't worry about me.”可知，陈作斌的妻子并没有提出反对意见，而是表示了支持。故选D项。] 7．C　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：这对年轻的夫妇回到了他们的家乡，建立了真正的食品农场，过着真正简单的生活。A.left 离开；B.sold 售卖； C．built 建造； D．ruined 摧毁。根据下文“the Real Food Farm just to lead a real and simple life.”可知，陈作斌和他的妻子回到家乡农村建了农场，过上了简单的生活。故选C项。] 8．A　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：陈作斌摆脱了城市里繁重工作带来的焦虑和疲劳。A.anxiety 焦虑，渴望；B.loneliness 孤独；C.sadness 伤心；D.joy快乐。根据上文“he couldn't remove the anxiety appearing in his dreams”可知，陈作斌摆脱了城市里太多工作带来的焦虑和疲劳，此处与上文相呼应。故选A项。] 9．D　[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：只有在山里他们才能享受到新鲜的空气。A.warm 温暖的；B.thin 薄的，瘦的；C.smelly 有臭味的；D.fresh 新鲜的。根据下文“There isn't the smell of tail gas”可知，山村没有尾气排放，空气应该是很新鲜的。故选D项。] 10．C　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：这里没有尾气的味道，只有阳光照射在树林上的味道。A.water 水；B.dust 灰尘；C.sunlight 阳光；D.smog 烟雾。根据下文“when it shines over the woods”可知，当太阳照到丛林的时候，可以闻到阳光的味道。故选C项。] 11．B　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们过着“吃得健康，睡得好”的生活。A.playing 玩；B.sleeping 睡觉；C.dressing 给……穿衣；D.studying学习。根据上文“eating healthily”可知，此处与上文相对，吃得健康，睡得好。故选B项。] 12．A　[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当合理饮食成为都市生活的一种奢侈时，这才是回归简约的正确方式。A.urban 城市的；B.real 真的；C.rural 农村的；D.family 家庭的。根据上文“In a time when eating properly becomes a luxury(奢侈)”可知，上文提到他们在农村吃得好，睡得好，那么可知在城市吃的好是很奢侈的。故选A项。] 13．D　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：当合理饮食成为都市生活的一种奢侈时，这才是回归简约的正确方式。A.work 工作；B.wildness 野蛮，荒凉；C.beginning 开始；D.simplicity 朴素，简易。根据上文的“eating healthily and　____11____　well”可知，回到简朴，回到自然是一个正确的方式。故选D项。] 14．D　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：陈作斌说：“人生是一段寻找(finding)正确道路的旅程。”A.changing 改变；B.directing 导演，指引；C.leading 引领；D.finding发现。根据“because he has found his own path.”可知这里意思是人生是一段寻找正确道路的旅程。故选D项。] 15．A　[考查动词短语辨析。句意：那些关于岔路的梦已经消失了，因为他已经找到了自己的路。A.faded away 逐渐变暗，逐渐模糊看不见；B.passed away 去世；C.put away 放好，储存；D.run away 逃跑。根据下文“because he has found his own path.”可知，陈作斌找到了属于自己的路，那些岔路的梦也就消失了。故选A项。] Ⅲ.应用文写作 假设你是李华，请你代表学校给英国著名的仿生学专家Mr.Smith写一封信，邀请他做一期关于人类应该从动物身上学习的技能的讲座。要点如下： 1．讲座的主题； 2．讲座的时间； 3．活动安排。 注意：1.词数：80左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] Dear Mr. Smith， Knowing that you're a world­famous expert on biomimicry，we'd like you to give us a speech on what inspiration we can take from both domestic and wild animals. The speech, scheduled to begin at 9：30 a．m. on October 12, 2020, is aimed at talking about how to seek solutions to the hard problems we human beings are facing. It should also include how we can get more wisdom by observing and imitating animals. Besides, during the speech, we will arrange for you to answer some questions asked by students. We do hope you can accept our invitation and inform us of your schedule so that we can arrange your visit to our school. Yours， Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $