Unit 5 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas(Ⅰ)-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册五维课堂课时作业word

对应学生课时P54 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Traditionally, robots have been hard, made of metal and other rigid materials. But a team of scientists at Harvard University in the US has managed to build an entirely soft robot — one that draws inspiration from an octopus (章鱼)． Described in science journal Nature, the“Octobot”could pave the way for more effective autonomous robots that could be used in search, rescue and exploration.“The Octobot is minimal system which may serve as a foundation for a new generation of completely soft, autonomous robots”， the study's authors wrote. Robots built for precise, repetitive movements in a controlled environment don't do so well on rough terrains (地形) or in unpredictable conditions. And they aren't especially safe around humans, because they're made out of hard and heavy parts that could be potentially dangerous to their users. So researchers have been working on building soft robots for decades. They've taken inspiration from nature, looking to animals from jellyfish to cockroaches, which are often made up of more flexible matter. But creating a completely soft robot remains a challenge. Even if engineers build a silicone (硅酮) body, it's still a grand challenge to construct flexible versions of essential parts, such as a source of power. “Although soft robotics is still in its early stage, it holds great promise for several applications, such as search­rescue operations and exploration，”Barbara Mazzolai and Virgilio Mattoli of the Italian Institute of Technology Center for Micro­BioRobotics, wrote in a comment.“Soft robots might also open up new approaches to improving wellness and quality of life.” 1．What's the special feature of“Octobot”？ A．It's very small. B．It's made of metal. C．It's soft. D．It looks like an octopus. 2．What's the shortcoming of traditional robots? A．They're hard to control. B．They can't behave well all the time. C．They can't predict conditions. D．They're too heavy to move. 3．What is one of the biggest challenges? A．To build Octobot's silicone body. B．To build Octobot's complex structure. C．To build Octobot's precise movements. D．To build Octobot's flexible power source. 4．What's the possible application of“Octobot”？ A．Medical research. B．Life rescue. C．Machine operation. D．House cleaning. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了传统上，机器人很硬，由金属和其他刚性材料制成。 但美国哈佛大学的一个科学家团队已经成功制造出了一个完全柔软的机器人，它的灵感来自于章鱼。 1．C　[细节理解题。根据第一段“Traditionally, robots have been hard, made of metal and other rigid materials.But a team of scientists at Harvard University in the US has managed to build an entirely soft robot — one that draws inspiration from an octopus (章鱼)．”(传统上，机器人很硬，由金属和其他刚性材料制成。 但美国哈佛大学的一个科学家团队已经成功制造出了一个完全柔软的机器人，它的灵感来自于章鱼)可知，“章鱼机器人”的特别之处在于它很柔软。故选C。] 2．B　[细节理解题。根据第三段“And they aren't especially safe around humans, because they're made out of hard and heavy parts that could be potentially dangerous to their users.”(而且它们在人类身边并不特别安全，因为它们是由坚硬而沉重的部件制成的，可能对使用者有潜在的危险)可知，传统机器人的缺点是它们不能一直表现得很好。故选B。] 3．D　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“But creating a completely soft robot remains a challenge.Even if engineers build a silicone (硅酮) body, it's still a grand challenge to construct flexible versions of essential parts, such as a source of power.”(但是创造一个完全柔软的机器人仍然是一个挑战。即使工程师们制造出了一个硅胶机身，但要制造出如电源等关键部件的柔性版本仍然是一个巨大的挑战)可知，最大的挑战之一是建造Octobot机器人的柔性电源。故选D。] 4．B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘Although soft robotics is still in its early stage, it holds great promise for several applications, such as search­rescue operations and exploration，’Barbara Mazzolai and Virgilio Mattoli of the Italian Institute of Technology Center for Micro­BioRobotics, wrote in a comment.‘Soft robots might also open up new approaches to improving wellness and quality of life.’”(意大利微型生物机器人技术中心的Barbara Mazzolai和Virgilio Mattoli在评论中写道：“尽管软机器人技术仍处于早期阶段，但它在搜救行动和探索等方面有着巨大的应用前景。”“软机器人还可能为改善健康和生活质量开辟新途径。”)可推知，软体机器人可能应用于救援等方面。故选B。] B Scientists have always been interested in the high level of organization in ant societies. American researchers have watched ants build life­saving rafts to keep afloat during floods. They also have recorded how ants choose their next queen — the female whose job is to produce eggs. New technology is helping to improve researchers' understanding of the insects. But there is still a lot to be learned. Fire ants living in Brazilian forests are perfectly at home in an environment where flooding is common. To save themselves, the insects connect their legs together and create floating rafts. Some ant rafts can be up to 20 centimeters wide. David Hu is an engineer with the Georgia Institute of Technology, also known as Georgia Tech, saying，“If you have 100 ants, which means 600 legs, 99 percent of those legs will be connected to a neighbor. So they're very, very good at keeping this network.” David Hu and other Georgia Tech researchers wanted to study ants and the secret of their engineering. They froze ant rafts and then looked at them with the help of computed technology, or CT images. The pictures showed that larger ants serve in central positions to which smaller ants hold. The larger ants create pockets of air that keep the insects afloat. Scientists say small robots or materials that can change shape could be programmed in a similar way, working towards a shared goal. Researchers at North Carolina State University are also studying ants. They examined how Indian jumping ants choose the leader of the colony when they lose their top female or queen. 5．The author takes fire ants as an example to tell us 　________　. A．how ants survive B．how ants seek food C．how ants communicate D．how ants live together 6．What can we know from what David Hu said in Paragraph 4? A．Ants know the way to keep in touch in the river. B．Ants know the way to join together closely. C．Ants know the way to look for each other. D．Ants know the way to build a large raft. 7．Why did the larger ants serve in central positions in their ant rafts? A．To stress their importance. B．To help all the ants float. C．To fight against the enemies. D．To defend their top female. 8．What ideas do the ants give us according to the passage? A．We can use similar­shaped machines in flooding areas. B．We can combine small robots or materials into larger ones. C．Small and shape­changeable things might work just like ants do. D．Small robots or materials in the shape of ants can be made. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。蚂蚁是一种强大的生物，有高效的求生技能。科学家对巴西的火蚂蚁进行了研究，发现它们可以结成筏子在洪水里自救，并研究了它们的自救原理。 5．A　[细节理解题。根据第三段后两句“To save themselves, the insects connect their legs together and create floating rafts. Some ant rafts can be up to 20 centimeters wide.”可知，作者列举巴西的火蚂蚁是为了告诉我们火蚂蚁在洪水里会结成筏子自救。故A项正确。] 6．B　[推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“If you have 100 ants, which means 600 legs, 99 percent of those legs will be connected to a neighbor. So they're very, very good at keeping this network.”解释了蚂蚁可以把自己的腿连接在一起形成一个网。这是蚂蚁在洪水里自救的方法，说明它们了解这样的方法。故B项正确。] 7．B　[细节理解题。根据第五段最后两句“The pictures showed that larger ants serve in central positions to which smaller ants hold. The larger ants create pockets of air that keep the insects afloat.”可知在蚂蚁组成的网里，最大的蚂蚁们在网的最中间，形成一个气泡产生浮力，让所有的蚂蚁都能漂浮起来。故B项正确。] 8．C　[推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Scientists say small robots or materials that can change shape could be programmed in a similar way, working towards a shared goal.”可知，蚂蚁的行为给科学家启示，可以用蚂蚁自救类似的方法把一些微型机器人或其他一些改变形状的材料组合在一起，一起去完成一个共同的目标。故C项正确。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Gardening 380 Kilometers above Earth Astronauts have to go through physical, psychological, and technical training. They also go through training in how to care for plants. These“astronaut gardeners”share their work and living space with plants. Taking seeds and plants along on a trip isn't a new idea.As space trips become longer, it will be necessary to grow food in space. 　____1____　 Because of this, it's not practical to send everything needed for a long journey, only to be used once and thrown away. Plants can serve many uses on a space journey. They can provide more fresh things. 　____2____　 Also, plants can help to make air quality better because they produce oxygen. They can improve the quality of the air inside the spacecraft—the only air the astronauts can breathe. 　____3____　 Due to the lack of gravity in space, the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants. This can actually kill them, so fans are needed to circulate the air. Without gravity, roots don't“know”to grow down, leaves don't“know”to grow up, and water doesn't easily travel up the roots to the leaves. 　____4____　 Besides, soil is too heavy to send to space, and special liquid gels (胶) are used to help plant growth. Scientists are also working on the plants themselves. They are trying to make plants grow more rapidly and grow with less water and light in space, and they are looking for ways to make plants more resistant to disease. 　____5____　 Imagine that deserts may one day provide lots of fresh food for local people, saving transportation costs. Similarly, plants that are resistant to disease could provide an important food supply. With the world's population now at seven billion (十亿) people, our astronaut gardeners may help discover ways to feed those billions. A．Every plant grown in space must have several uses. B．However, there are challenges with growing plants in space. C．Such methods may result in improvements back here on Earth. D．The cost of taking anything into space is about $22,000 per kilogram. E．Specialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly. F．Astronauts will welcome the addition of fruits and vegetables to their diet of dry foods. G．Currently all oxygen is taken aboard in tanks and then caught again so it can be reused. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是：园艺在离地球380公里的高空。宇航员必须经过身体、心理和技术的训练。他们还接受了如何照料植物的培训。这些“宇航员园丁”与植物分享他们的工作和生活空间。 1．D　[下文提示“正因为如此，把长途旅行所需要的东西都送出去，只用一次就扔掉是不现实的。”承接下文，D项The cost of taking anything into space is about $22,000 per kilogram.(将任何物体送入太空的成本约为每公斤22,000美元。)切题。下文中的this指代该项中的The cost，故选D。] 2．F　[上文提示“他们可以提供更多新鲜的东西。”再根据下文提示“此外，植物可以帮助改善空气质量，因为它们可以产生氧气。”承接上下文，F项 Astronauts will welcome the addition of fruits and vegetables to their diet of dry foods.(宇航员将欢迎在他们的干粮中加入水果和蔬菜。)切题。故选F。] 3．B　[下文提示“由于太空中缺乏重力，植物产生的氧气停留在植物周围。”承接下文，B项However, there are challenges with growing plants in space.(然而，在太空种植植物也面临着挑战。)切题。故选B。] 4．E　[上文提示“没有重力，根就不‘知道’该往下长，叶子就不‘知道’该往上长，水也不容易从根往上注入到叶子上。”再根据下文提示“此外，土壤太重，不能送到太空，特殊的液体凝胶被用来帮助植物生长。”承接上下文，E项 Specialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly.(目前正在开发专门的容器来帮助植物正确生长。)切题。故选E。] 5．C　[上文提示“他们试图使植物生长得更快，在空中以更少的水和光生长，他们正在寻找方法使植物更能抵抗疾病。”承接上文，C项Such methods may result in improvements back here on Earth.(这些方法可能会改善地球。)切题。该项中的methods与上文中的ways相吻合。故选C。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $