Unit 2 Section Ⅲ Learning About Language-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册五维课堂教师用书word（人教版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语核心词汇（如establish, entitle, consist of等）及过去分词作定语、状语、表语、宾补的用法，词汇部分从教材原句切入，通过佳句感知、归纳拓展构建用法体系，即学即练巩固；语法部分以自我探究为起点，分点精析并结合对比练习，形成从感知到应用的学习支架。 资料特色在于语境化与思维训练结合，词汇通过教材语境和“佳句感知”提升语言能力，语法通过“自我探究+归纳拓展”培养思维品质，即学即练和语法专练设计助力学习能力发展。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后帮助学生查漏补缺，强化知识应用。

Section Ⅲ　Learning About Language [词汇精讲] 1．(教材P16)the establishing of a new institution or organisation 新机构或组织的建立 establish vt. 创立，设立；建立；证实，确定 ◆[佳句感知] Our goal is to establish a new research centre in the North. 我们的目标是在北方建立一个新的研究中心。 Before we take any action we must establish the truth. 我们在采取任何行动之前必须弄清事实真相。 [归纳拓展] establish contact/relations with... 与……建立联系/关系 establishment n．确立，建立 established adj.早已确立的；著名的 ◆[即学即练] [语法填空] ①He left his library and half of his estate (个人财产) to the organisation, which were the biggest donation ever since its 　establishment　 (establish)． ②The school has established a successful relationship 　with　 the local community. [完成句子] ③We would like to 　establish direct business relationship with　 you. 我方希望与你方建立直接的商业关系。 2．(教材P16)Ethnic minority groups in China are often entitled to special funds from the government to help protect their cultural heritage. 中国的少数民族群体经常享有政府用来帮助保护他们的文化遗产的专项资金。 entitle vt.使享有权利；使符合资格；给……命名(题名) ◆[佳句感知] You will be entitled to your pension when you reach 65. 你到65岁就有资格享受养老金。 Fulltime employees are entitled to receive health insurance. 全职雇员都有资格享受健康保险。 [归纳拓展] entitle sb. to sth.使某人享有……权利 be entitled to do sth.有资格做某事 ◆[即学即练] [语法填空] ①He is trying to recite a poem 　entitled 　 (entitle) “Salt”． [完成句子] ②在这个国家所有儿童都可以免费上学。 Every child in this country 　is entitled to free education 　 at school. ③持这张票你可以免费听音乐会。 This ticket 　entitles you to　 a free seat at the concert. 3．(教材P16)Consisting of 76 provinces that stretch all the way down to Malaysia in the south, the country has a lot to offer and is a great getaway. 这个国家由向南一直延伸至马来西亚的76个省组成，有很多可供游客选择的地方，是一个很好的度假胜地。 consist of 由……组成(或构成) ◆[佳句感知] Their diet consists largely of vegetables. 他们的日常饮食以蔬菜为主。 As we grow up, we find life consists of the moments that we remember. 随着我们长大，我们发现生活是由我们记忆中的瞬间组成的。 [归纳拓展] ◆[即学即练] [语法填空] ①This village consists 　of 　 three streets and their decorations are 　consistent　 (consist) with the main style of the town.Their 　consistency　 (consist) creates unique beauty. [完成句子] ②The value of the teaching method 　consists in students' interest it arouses　 (在于它激发的学生兴趣)． ③An investigation group 　consisting of/made up of/composed of five men and two women 　 (由五男两女组成)has been sent to look into the matter. 4．(教材P16)Unfortunately, elephants are endangered in Thailand, but special parks have been set up to protect their safety and freedom. 不幸的是，在泰国，大象有灭绝的危险，不过专门的公园已经建立起来以保护它们的安全和自由。 set up vt. 建立，设立，创建；设置；安排，策划 ◆[佳句感知] The school has set up a special class to help poor readers. 学校专门办了一个班来帮助阅读能力差的人。 The police set up roadblocks on routes out of the city. 警察在城外设置了路障。 Give me a call on Friday to set up a time for the meeting, OK? 星期五给我打电话安排会议的时间，好吗？ [归纳拓展] ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①　The project set up in 1989　(建于1989年的那个项目)resulted in farmers replacing their crops with trees or grass. ②I will 　set down that story　 (写下那个故事) as it is told to me. ③On arriving home, 　I set about preparing supper　 (我就着手准备晚餐)． ④It was said that the harvest 　was set back by bad weather　 (因坏天气推迟了)． ⑤After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition (学费), because there was no extra money 　set aside　 (留出) for a college education. 5．(教材P17)Divided into 32 counties, Ireland brings in hundreds of thousands of visitors each year due to its golf tourism. 爱尔兰被划分为32个郡，由于它的高尔夫旅游业，爱尔兰每年吸引了成千上万的游客。 bring in 吸引，引入；引进；提出 ◆[佳句感知] The unique beauty of the scenery here brings in thousands of tourists every year. 这儿独特的美景每年吸引成千上万的游客。 They have brought in some advanced equipment from abroad. 他们从国外引进了一些先进设备。 A new bill has been brought in to control house prices. 一项控制房价的新议案已经被提出来了。 [归纳拓展] ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①　Experts from all over the country are brought in　 (全国各地的专家受邀)to develop the new system. ②Born into a family with three brothers, David 　 was brought up　 (被教导) to value the sense of sharing. ③Recently, an old milk box I saw in the countryside 　brought back my childhood to me　 (使我想起了我的童年)． ④Nearly all educators believe that a challenging situation can often 　bring out the best in a person　(使一个人表现出最好的一面)． ⑤The outstanding educational achievements of this school 　 have brought in large numbers of teachers to visit and learn　(已吸引大量老师来访学习)． 6．(教材P17)Originally, the tower was planned to be taken down after 20 years, but it proved to be too useful as a communications tower, not to mention a giant advertisement board, before finally becoming the iconic attraction that we all know today. 起初，(人们)打算20年后把这个铁塔拆掉，但在它最终成为今天我们所熟悉的标志性景点之前，它作为一个通信塔证明是非常有用的，更不用说用作一个巨大的广告牌。 take down 拆除；拿下，取下；记下，写下 ◆[佳句感知] The house I grew up in has been taken down and replaced by an office building. 我小时候住的那所房子已经被拆除，取而代之的是一座办公楼。 Please take down the books from the shelf. 请把书从书架上取下来。 At the scene of the accident, the policeman took down all the details. 在事故现场，警察把所有细节都记录下来了。 [归纳拓展] ◆[即学即练] [写出take down 的意义] ①They plan to take down 　 all these buildings and turn the land into a park.　拆除　 ②I took down　 every word they said so I could review the conversation later.　记录，写下　 [完成句子] ③You'd better 　take down all the key points　 (记下所有的要点)while the memory is still fresh in your mind. ④His business 　took off　(大有好转) after the period of COVID19. ⑤Our village has 　taken on　(呈现) a new look since 1978. ⑥After retirement the teacher 　took up　(开始从事) a voluntary job. 过去分词—作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语 自我探究 总结归纳 ①Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks found on the ground, among which there is an amazing instrument called the didgeridoo. ②If you want to hold a koala, you have to go to certain licensed zoos... ①②两句中的过去分词在句中作定语 ③Located to the south of the equator, below many other countries on the globe, it's often informally referred to as “down under”． Located to...过去分词短语在句中作状语 ④However, as I major in social studies, I'm more interested in meeting people in Australia and experiencing their culture, food, and way of life. interested 在句中作表语，说明“I”的状态 ⑤I watched the desk carried out of the classroom. carried 在句中作宾语desk 的补足语 [基本概念] 过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式，其基本构成为done, 在句中起到不同的功能，通常起到：定语、表语、状语及宾(主)语补足语四种功能。 [思维导图] [语法精析] 一、过去分词作定语 1．过去分词作定语的位置 (1)单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前，但left 只作后置定语。 The broken vase has been thrown outside. 那个碎了的花瓶已经扔到外面去了。 The books left are for my students. 剩下的书是给我的学生的。 [温馨提示] ①单个的过去分词修饰 something, everything, anything, nothing, nobody 等复合不定代词或those 等指示代词时，要放在这些词的后面。 He is one of those invited. 他是那些受到邀请的人之一。 Is there anything unfinished? 还有什么没有完成吗？ ②非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间存在被动关系时，用被动形式。现在分词的被动式(being done)、不定式的被动式(to be done) 之间的区别。 done 表示被动、完成 being done 表示正在进行的被动动作 to be done 表示将来的被动动作 The bridge being built now is very important. 正在建造的那座桥梁很重要。 (2)过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词之后，其作用相当于一个定语从句。 From the library I borrowed a book written by Mark Twain.(＝From the library I borrowed a book which/that was written by Mark Twain.) 我从图书馆里借了一本马克·吐温写的书。 2．过去分词作定语的用法 (1)及物动词的过去分词作定语：被修饰词与构成过去分词的动词之间通常为逻辑上的动宾关系且表示动作已经完成，或只有被动意义。 Tom drank some boiled water and hurried to school. 汤姆喝了一些白开水，就匆匆忙忙朝学校赶去。(boiled 表示被动和完成) When he came to power, he decided to be a leader loved by everyone. 当他开始执政时，他决定做一个受大家爱戴的领袖。(loved 只表示被动意义) (2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语：不及物动词没有被动语态，因此作定语时只表示动作的完成，不表示被动意义，且只作前置定语。 When I woke up next morning, I found the ground was covered with fallen leaves. 当我第二天早上醒来时，我发现地上全是落叶。 (fallen 只表示完成) (3)形容词化的过去分词作定语：英语中某些表示感觉的动词，其过去分词形式表示“感到……的”，表示被修饰词所处的状态。 There was a frightened horse in the street. 街上有一匹受惊的马。 The scared boy told me the news in a scared voice. 那个吓坏了的男孩用惊恐的声音告诉了我这个消息。 ►[学以致用] [语法填空] 1．Most colleges now offer firstyear students a course specially 　 designed 　 (design) to help them succeed academically and personally. 2．I like eating 　fried　 (fry) tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must be easy to cook. 3．The bridge 　built　 (build) 1,000 years ago is still in use. 4．The girl 　dressed　 (dress) in red is my daughter. 5．The bridge 　to be built　(build) next year will bring us great convenience. 二、过去分词作状语 1．过去分词作状语的功能、类型及位置 (1)过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况；构成过去分词的动词与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。 Built thirty years ago, the house looks very beautiful. 这座房子是30年前建造的，它看起来很漂亮。 (2)过去分词作状语的类型 类型 例句 时间状语 When combined with practice, theory becomes easier to learn. 当与实践相结合时，理论就变得更容易学。 原因状语 Born in a poor family, he had to work when he was a child. 由于出身贫寒，他小时候就不得不工作。 方式状语 The old man walked into the room, supported by his son. 这位老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。 伴随状语 The little deer silently crossed the fields, half hidden in the mists of the early morning. 小鹿静静地穿过田野，在清晨的薄雾中若隐若现。 条件状语 Cleared, this site would make a good playground. 这块场地清理出来会成为一个很好的娱乐场所。 让步状语 Even if invited, I won't go. 即使受到邀请，我也不会去。 (3)过去分词作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作结果、方式及伴随状语时，一般放在句末；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。 Given health, I can do it. 如果身体健康，我就能做。(条件状语) He walked slowly in the forest, followed by a dog. 他在森林里慢慢地走着，后面跟着一条狗。(伴随状语) Wounded, the brave soldier still continued to fight. 尽管受伤了，那位勇敢的士兵仍然继续作战。(让步状语) ►[学以致用] [语法填空] 6．We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, 　surrounded　 (surround) by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence. 7．First 　celebrated　 (celebrate) in 1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions (地区)． 8．　Given 　 (give) more time, we could do it better. 9．　Warned 　 (warn) of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields. 2．过去分词与动词ing 形式作状语的区别 语法 逻辑关系 时间概念 过去分词 作状语 过去分词作状语时，构成过去分词的动词与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，即表被动。 过去分词所表示的动作往往发生于谓语动词所表示的动作之前；也可以表示“一种状态”，与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或存在。 动词ing 形式作 状语 动词ing 形式的一般式(doing)和完成式(having done) 作状语时，构成动词ing 形式的动词与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，即表主动。 动词ing 形式的一般式(doing) 表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生；动词ing 形式的完成式(having done)表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。 Seeing from the hill, you will find the city looks like a big garden. 从山上看，你会发现这座城市就像一个大花园。 (see 与句子的主语you 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系) Seen from the hill, the city looks like a big garden. 从山上看，这座城市就像一个大花园。(see 与句子的主语 the city 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系) [巧学妙记] 分词作状语记忆口诀： 分词作状语，主语是问题。逗号前后两动作，共用一主语。主语找出后，再来判关系。主动用动词ing, 被动用过去分词。having done 表先后，千万要牢记。 ►[学以致用] [语法填空] 10．Children, when 　accompained　 (accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. 11．　Having spent　 (spend) nearly all our money, we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel. 12．　Used　 (use) in an ordinary way, the soap can kill bacteria. 13．　Using　 (use) the soap in an ordinary way, we can kill most of the bacteria on our hands. 三、过去分词作宾补 1．作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语之间的关系 (1)及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语时，宾语和构成过去分词的动词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。 I want the letter posted. 我想把这封信寄出去。 (2)少数不及物动词如 go, fall 等的过去分词作宾语补足语时，仅表示动作已完成。因此，宾语与构成过去分词的动词之间不存在逻辑上的动宾关系。 She found her necklace gone on her way home. 她在回家的路上发现项链不见了。 (3)动词seat, hide, dress 等的过去分词作宾语补足语一般表示状态，而不表示被动意义。 When I came in, I found a strange girl seated in the corner. 我进来时发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。 2．过去分词作宾语补足语的情况 (1)感官动词后的过去分词作宾补：在see, notice, watch, hear, feel 等感官动词后作宾补的过去分词与宾语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动动作的完成或只表示被动。 I heard the English song sung twice in the next room. 我听到隔壁房间里唱了两遍这首英文歌。(表示被动、已完成) I'd like to see the plan carried out. 我想看到这个计划被实施下去。(只表示被动) (2)使役、致使动词后的过去分词作宾补：在make, have, get, leave, keep 等使役、致使动词后作宾补的过去分词与宾语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。 He tried to speak slowly to make himself understood. 他试图慢慢地说话，以使别人明白他的意思。 Please keep us informed of the latest developments. 请将最新的发展情况不断通报给我们。 ►[学以致用] 14．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)They make great gifts and you see them many times 　decorated　(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. 15．I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph 　taken　 (take)． 16．Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself 　reminded　 (remind) of his own dreams. 17．Mr Smith had his house 　broken　(break) into while he was away on holiday. 18．He stood there with his eyes 　fixed　 (fix) on the picture. 四、过去分词作表语 1．过去分词作表语的基本用法 (1)过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态，多位于系动词之后。这些系动词有be, remain, feel, seem, look, become 等。 The door remained locked. 门仍然锁着。 (2)有些过去分词作表语时，已经具有了形容词的性质，最常见的有：amazed, delighted, disappointed, discouraged, amused, astonished, tired, satisfied, pleased, surprised, worried, excited, annoyed, puzzled 等。 We were amazed at the beauty of the lake. 这个湖泊的美使我们感到惊奇。 She was disappointed at the result of the game. 她对比赛结果很失望。 He looked puzzled so I repeated the question. 他好像并没听懂，所以我把问题重复了一遍。 (3)过去分词作表语与被动语态相似，区别在于过去分词作表语表示的是一种状态或状况，而被动语态表示的是一个被动的动作，且后面常跟by短语。比较下面两组句子： 2．过去分词与动词ing 形式作表语的区别 英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其动词ing 形式意为“令人……的”，多用来形容物；其过去分词意为“感到……的”，多用来形容人、人的声音或表情等。这类词常见的有： 　 　 　 　 　 　 ►[学以致用] [语法填空] 19．(2019·全国Ⅱ)These kids are so 　absorbed　 (absorb) in their studies that I just sit back. 20．(2019·天津)We succeed in our field of specialization and then become 　trapped　 (trap) in it. [选词填空] 21．excited/exciting (1)I don't really like the author, although I have to admit his books are very 　exciting 　. (2)Being the coach of the new team, I was 　excited　 because I knew we were going to win, but to my disappointment we were defeated. 22．surprised/surprising (1)It's 　surprising　 that your brother picked up Russian so quickly —he hasn't lived there very long. (2)She was 　surprised　 to find the fridge empty；the children had eaten everything! 23．interested/interesting (1)(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)I became 　interested　 in playing football thanks to a small accident. (2)What's particularly 　interesting　 is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchet's cause. Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．A 　frog　 (青蛙)can live both in water and on land. 2．Turn right where you see a waymark 　arrow　 (箭头)． 3．The novel 　consists　 (组成) of 5 chapters. 4．The first time I 　dived　 (潜水) into the water is an experience I will never forget. 5．Will you 　sponsor　 (赞助) the players for a charity walk? 6．He thinks children have too much 　freedom 　(自由)these days. 7．I'm planning to write a book, which I intend to 　entitle　 (命名，题名) it The Journey Eastward. 8．Work out the exact design before you start 　construction　(施工，建造)． Ⅱ.语法填空 1．Dreams and ideals mean nothing if one does not have the 　freedom　 (free) to pursue them. 2．An international medical conference 　was established　 (establish) for the interchange(交换) of new ideas and approaches last year. 3．According to the government policies, all the unemployed 　are entitled 　 (entitle) to free medical treatment in this area. 4．Happiness doesn't consist 　in　 how many possessions you own. 5．Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur (创业者)，who in May 2015 set 　up　 her business AilieCandy. 6．The firm decided to bring 　in　 a new management team to improve workers' working efficiency. 7．All the old houses had to be taken 　down　 to make room for a modern supermarket. 8．Weather 　permitting　 (permit), we shall have an organized trip to the local forests to search for the herbs that our teacher has asked us to prepare. 9．Some people are skeptical about the Internet, 　claiming　 (claim) that surfing the Internet is a waste of time. 10．The group consisting 　of　 the eight richest countries in the world signed a contract last week. Ⅲ.语法专练(用括号内词的适当形式填空) 1．When we saw the road 　blocked　 (block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. 2．Claire had her luggage 　checked 　 (check) an hour before her plane left. 3. Only by shouting at the top of his voice was he able to make himself 　heard　 (hear)． 4．When his wife returned, the husband found her beautiful long hair 　cut 　 (cut)． 5．There are some health problems that, if not 　treated　 (treat) in time, can become bigger ones later on. 6．Technological innovation, 　combined　 (combine) with good marketing, will promote the sales of these products. 7．The national park has a large collection of wildlife, 　ranging　 (range) from butterflies to elephants. 8．Heavy rain struck Guangzhou in May, 　causing　(cause) serious traffic problems. 9．　Inspired　 (inspire) by Mr Chen's speech, they decided to study science harder. 10．　Based　 (base) on a true story, the book tells how a housewife turns into a professional lawyer. 11．　Faced　 (face) with a choice between arts and science, the little girl didn't know which to choose. 12．I didn't go to their party, though 　invited　 (invite) yesterday. 13．A person, when 　challenged　 (challenge), can often do what is normally beyond his ability. 14．When making art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message 　hidden　 (hide) within the work. 15．The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras 　returned　 (return) to our shop for quality problems. 16．For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone can help them stay　 connected 　 (connect)． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $