内容正文:
高中译林版
【寒假专版】
选修1语法精讲
寒假专版
动词不定式、动词ing和-ed形式综合
寒假语法易错点精讲
学段:高中教材:译林版
年级:选修1
语法认知
动词不定式、动词-g和-d形式综合=动词的三种非谓语形式,具有动词特征但不能独立作谓
语,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语。
易错点讲解
易错点一:不定式与动名词作主语的混淆
讲解:
不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作,常位于句首或用t作形式主语:动名词作主
语表示习惯性、经常性的动作,多位于句首。
例句:To learn English well is important..→It is important to learn English well..(不定式作主语,表
具体动作)Swimming is good exercise.(动名词作主语,表习惯性动作)
真题再现:
1.(2024江苏南京期中,译林版)_in the morning is good for our health,
A.Run B.Running C.To run D.Ran
答案:B
解析:表示习惯性动作,用动名词Running作主语,符合译林版选修1教材中动名词作主语的用法。
2.(2024浙江杭州月考,译林版)It's necessary一us_hands before meals.
A.for;to wash B.of;washing C.for;washing D.of;to wash
答案:A
解析:句中it为形式主语,真正主语是不定式短语to wash hands,“It's+形容词+for sb.to do sth.”
为固定结构,译林版教材Unit4重点讲解此用法。
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高中译林版
【寒假专版】
选修1语法精讲
易错点二:过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别
讲解:
现在分词作定语表示主动或正在进行的动作,修饰物:过去分词作定语表示被动或已完成的动作,
可修饰人或物。
例句:The running boy is my brother..(unning表主动、进行)The broken window wasrepaired.(broken
表被动、完成)
真题再现:
1.(2023江苏苏州期末,译林版)Do you know the girl_under the tree?
A.stand B.standing C.stood D.to stand
答案:B
解析:girl与stand之间是主动关系,用现在分词standing作定语,译林版选修1教材Unit4强调
现在分词表主动的用法。
2.(2023安徽合肥期中,译林版)We should help those_people in earthquake areas.
A.affect B.affecting C.affected D.to affect
答案:C
解析:people与affect之间是被动关系,用过去分词affected作定语,意为“受影响的人们”,符
合译林版教材对过去分词作定语的讲解。
易错点三:不定式作宾补与动名词作宾补的混淆
讲解:
有些动词后接不定式作宾补(常省to:make/let/have等),表示动作的全过程或一次性动作;有些
动词后接动名词作宾补(如:see/hear等),表示动作正在进行。
例句:I saw him go out.(不定式作宾补,表全过程)I saw him going out..(动名词作宾补,表正在
进行)
真题再现:
l.(2024江苏无锡月考,译林版)My mother made me_my homework first yesterday.
A.do B.doing C.to do D.did
答案:A
解析:make后接不带to的不定式作宾补,即make sb.do sth.,译林版选修1教材Unit4重点强调
此语法点。
2.(2023浙江宁波期末,译林版)I heard her_in the next room when I passed by.
A.sing B.singing C.to sing D.sang
答案:B
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高中译林版
【寒假专版】
选修1语法精讲
解析:hear后接动名词作宾补表示动作正在进行,句中“when I passed by”提示动作正在发生,符
合译林版教材相关用法。
易错点四:动词-ing形式与不定式作表语的区别
讲解:
动名词作表语表示主语的性质或泛指的动作,主语通常是物:不定式作表语表示具体的动作或将
来的计划,主语通常是表示目的、愿望等的名词。
例句:Her job is teaching.(动名词作表语,表性质)Our plan is to visit the museum.(不定式作表语,
表计划)
真题再现:
1.(2024江苏常州期中,译林版)His hobby is stamps.
A.collect B.collecting C.to collect D.collected
答案:B
解析:hobby表示泛指的爱好,用动名词collecting作表语,符合译林版选修1教材中动名词作表
语的用法。
2.(2023山东青岛月考,译林版)The main task today is_the classroom.
A.clean B.cleaning C.to clean D.cleaned
答案:C
解析:task表示具体的任务,用不定式to clean作表语,表将来要做的动作,译林版教材Unit4对
此有明确讲解。
易错点五:过去分词作表语与被动语态的混淆
讲解:
过去分词作表语表示主语的状态:被动语态表示主语承受的动作,强调动作的执行者或过程。
例句:The door is closed.(过去分词作表语,表状态)The door was closed by Tom.(被动语态,表
动作)
真题再现:
1.(2024江苏扬州期末,译林版)The shop一since last year.
A.is closed B.was closed C.has been closed D.will be closed
答案:C
解析:句中since last year提示用现在完成时,“has been closed'”此处为被动语态,强调动作的完成,
而“is closed”仅表状态,结合语境选C,符合译林版教材对被动语态与过去分词作表语区别的讲解。
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高中译林版
【寒假专版】
选修1语法精讲
2.(2023浙江温州期中,译林版)The library一at5p.m.every day
A.closes
B.is closed C.has closed D.was closed
答案:B
解析:此处表示图书馆的状态,用过去分词closed作表语,“is closed”强调状态,而非被动动作,
译林版选修1教材中对此有对比说明。
易错点综合演练
综合演练
I.单项选择(直击易错点)
1.-
,early in the morning helps improve memory.(易错点一)
A.Get up B.Getting up C.To get up D.Got up
2.The girl_in the music room is my best friend.(易错点二)
A.sing B.singing C.sang D.to sing
3.My teacher often tells me_more attention to grammar.(易错点三)
A.pay B.paying C.to pay D.paid
4.Her main goal this term is_the first prize in the English contest.(易错点四)
A.win B.winning C.to win D.won
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空(强化易错点区分)
1._(swim)regularly is good for heart health..(易错点一)
2.I found the old letter_hide)under the floorboard.(易错点二)
3.The boss made his employees_(work)overtime yesterday.(易错点三)
4.Our team's task for tomorrow is_(complete)the project report.(易错点四)
IⅡ.短文填空(综合运用四大易错点)
用括号内单词的适当形式填空,使短文完整通顺。(译林版教材课文改编)
(exercise)every day is important for teenagers.Last week,I joined a fitness club.The trainer there
taught us some skills.I saw him(demonstrate)proper postures.My favorite activity is(run)on
the treadmill.The club's rule is (arrive)on time.Yesterday,I met a girl (wait)at the entrance.She
said her hobby was(dance).We decided to exercise together tomorrow.
V.连词成句(聚焦易错句式)
1.is,to,the,meeting,.our,attend,.plan,()(易错点四)
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高中译林版
【寒假专版】
选修1语法精讲
2.the,window,broken,stom,by,was,last night,()(易错点五)
3.teacher,us,English,made,every day,speak,()(易错点三)
4.interesting,is,hiking,mountain,()(易错点一)
参考答案
I.单项选择
1B2B3.C4.C
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Swimming
2.hidden
3.work 4.to complete
I短文填空
1.Exercising
2.demonstrating 3.running
4.to arrive 5.waiting 6.dancing
V.连词成句
1.Our plan is to attend the meeting.
2.The window was broken by the storm last night.
3.The teacher made us speak English every day.
4.Mountain hiking is interesting
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