情态动词 have done-2025-2026学年高中英语选修四语法易错点精讲（沪教版）

高中沪教牛津版 【寒假专版】 选择性必修4语法精讲 寒假专版 情态动词+have done专项训练 寒假语法易错点精讲 学段：高中 教材：沪教牛津版（上海教育）年级：选择性必修4 语法认知 情态动词+have done=情态动词+动词的完成式，用于表示对过去发生事情的推测、判断、遗憾、 责备或本应做却未做的事等。 易错点讲解 易错点一：情态动词的表意混淆 讲解： 不同情态动词与have done搭配表意不同：must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测(“一定做 过”)：can't/couldn't have done表示否定推测(“不可能做过”)：may/might have done表示不确定推 测(“可能做过”)；should/ought to have done表示“本应该做但未做”；needn't have done表示“本 不必做却做了”。 例句：He must have finished his work,for he is playing outside.(肯定推测)/You shouldn't have left without saying goodbye.(本应该做但未做) 真题再现： 1.(2024上海浦东区期末，沪教牛津版)-The ground is all wet.It=rained heavily last night A.must have B.can have C.should have D.need have 答案：A解析：根据“地面全湿”的语境，对过去下雨的肯定推测用must have rained, 2.(2023上海徐汇区期中，沪教牛津版)You_told her the truth;now she is very upset.. A.needn't have B.shouldn't have C.mustn't have D.couldn't have 答案：B解析：“现在她很沮丧”表明“本不该告诉她真相却做了”，用shouldn't have told, 易错点二：对过去推测的否定形式错误 1 高中沪教牛津版 【寒假专版】 选择性必修4语法精讲 讲解： 表示对过去事情的否定推测只能用cam't/couldn't have done,不能用mustn't have done(nustn't表 禁止，无推测用法)。 例句：He can't have stolen the money,.he was with me all the time. 真题再现： 1.(2024上海黄浦区月考，沪教牛津版)一Tom failed the exam.He_studied hard. A.mustn't have B.can't have C.shouldn't have D.needn't have 答案：B解析：由“考试不及格”推测“不可能努力学习”，否定推测用can't have studied,. 2.(2023上海静安区期末，沪教牛津版)She_arrived yet-her flight was delayed for three hours. A.mustn't have B.needn't have C.can't have D.shouldn't have 答案：C解析：根据“航班延误三小时”，推测“不可能已经到达”，用can't have arrived. 易错点三：should have done与ought to have done的混淆 讲解： should have done和ought to have done都表示“本应该做但未做”，否定形式均为shouldn't have done/oughtn't to have done,可互换使用，但ought to语气稍强。 You ought to have apologized to her.(=You should have apologized to her.) 真题再现： 1.(2024上海长宁区期中，沪教牛津版)一I missed the train.一You三left home earlier A.should have B.would have C.must have D.might have 答案：A解析：“错过火车”说明“本应该早点出门”，用should have left. 2.(2023上海杨浦区月考，沪教牛津版)They_more attention to safety,the accident couldhave been avoided. A.ought to pay B.ought to have paid C.should pay D.must have paid 答案：B解析：“事故本可避免”表明“本应该更注意安全”，对过去的虚拟用ought to have paid. 易错点四：needn't have done与didn't need to do的区别 讲解： needn't have done表示“做了本不必做的事”（已做）：dih't need to do表示“不必做某事（实际也 没做)”。 例句：I needn't have bought the book一I already had a copy.(买了但不必买)/I didn't need to buy the book-my friend lent me one..(没买也不必买) 高中沪教牛津版 【寒假专版】 选择性必修4语法精讲 真题再现： 1.(2024上海普陀区期末，沪教牛津版)一—Did you take an umbrella?-No,I_because the sun was shining. A.needn't have B.didn't need to C.mustn't have D.shouldn't have 答案：B解析：“太阳照耀”说明“不必带伞且实际没带”，用didn't need to. 2.(2023上海闵行区期中，沪教牛津版)You一washed the dishes-一I would have done it after dinner.. A.needn't have B.didn't need to C.can't have D.shouldn't have 答案：A解析：“我本会晚饭后洗”表明“你本不必洗却洗了”，用needn't have washed. 易错点五：might have done与may have done的时态差异 讲解： might have done可表示对过去的推测（可能性比may have done小），也可表示过去本可能做但未 做；may have done仅表示对过去的推测。 例句：He may have gone to the library.(推测)/You might have passed the exam if you had studied. (虚拟) 真题再现： l.(2024上海虹口区月考，沪教牛津版)-Where is Lucy?一She=gone to the lab,butI'm not sure. A.may have B.must have C.should have D.need have 答案：A解析：“不确定”表明可能性推测，用may have gone. 2.(2023上海宝山区期末，沪教牛津版)If you had told me earlier,.I一helped you. A.may have B.might have C.must have D.should have 答案：B解析：f条件句表过去虚拟，主句用might have helped(本可能帮忙但未帮)。 易错点综合演练 综合演练 I单项选择（直击易错点） 1.The streets are covered with snow.It-snowed heavily last night.(易错点一) A.must have B.should have C.need have D.can have 2.He-finished the project on time-he had plenty of help.(易错点二) A.mustn't have B.can't have C.shouldn't have D.needn't have 3 高中沪教牛津版 【寒假专版】 选择性必修4语法精讲 3.You_told me about the meeting;I missed it completely..(易错点三) A.should have B.would have C.must have D.might have 4.We-bought so much food-there are only three guests coming.(易错点四) A.needn't have B.didn't need to C.can't have D.shouldn't have Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化易错点区分） l.She looks upset..You_(tel)her the bad news yesterday.(易错点一) 2.The lights are off.They_(leave)the office already.(易错点二) 3.I一(cal)you earlier,but I forgot your number.(易错点五) 4.They_(water)the plants-It rained heavily this morning.(易错点四) Ⅱ.短文填空（综合运用四大易错点） 用括号内动词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。（沪教牛津版教材语境改编） Yesterday was a terrible day for Tom.He failedhis math test because he 1.(study)enough.His teacher said he 2.-(pay)more attention in class.When he got home,his mother asked why he looked sad."I 3.-(tell)you earlier,"he thought,"but I was too scared."Later,he found his phone was missing.It 4.- (steal)-he had left it on the desk at school.What a day! V,连词成句（聚焦易错句式） 1.have,he,must,the,seen,movie,()(易错点一) 2.done,you,have,homework,your,shouldn't,()(易错点一) 3.have,they,arrived,can't,yet,()(易错点二) 4.have,we,taken,so,needn't,many,clothes,.()(易错点四) 参考答案 I单项选择 1.A2.B3.A4.A Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 1.shouldn't have told 2.can't have left 3.might have called 4.needn't have watered 4 高中沪教牛津版 【寒假专版】 选择性必修4语法精讲 I短文填空 1.can't have studied 2.should have paid 3.should have told 4.can't have been stolen V.连词成句 1.He must have seen the movie. 2.You shouldn't have done your homework. 3.They can't have arrived yet. 4.We needn't have taken so many clothes. 5