专题02 非限制性定语从句（期末复习讲义）高二英语下学期沪教版

专题02 非限制性定语从句（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 掌握非限制性定语从句的核心定义：补充说明先行词，无它不影响主句完整，必须用逗号与主句隔开，不能用that/why引导。 2. 熟练辨析引导词用法：关系代词（who, whom, whose, which）、关系副词（when, where）的精准选用；重点掌握which指代整个主句的特殊用法。 3. 掌握“介词+关系代词（which/whom）”的固定结构，以及as引导非限制性定语从句（常放句首）的特殊句型。 复习难点： 1. 区分限制性定语从句 vs 非限制性定语从句：逗号有无、语义功能、引导词差异的精准辨别，避免混用that。 2. 攻克which指代整句话、as与which引导句首定语从句的易混辨析；正确判断介词+which/whom中介词的选择依据。 3. 在完形填空、语法填空、书面写作中灵活运用：区分句子结构、避免逗号粘连；用非限制性定语从句升级长难句，提升作文高级感。 考情规律 1. 语法填空/词汇运用 高频考查：逗号后先行词判断、指代事物/整句必填which；指代人用who/whom；所属关系用whose。 必考陷阱：非限制性从句绝对禁用that；先行词是时间/地点时区分when/where/which。 常考结构：名词+of which、介词+which/whom搭配填空。 2. 句型转换/句子翻译 常考改写：两个简单句合并为非限制性定语从句；把并列句、状语从句简化为非限定定语结构。 汉译英高频：补充人物、地点、事件背景信息，用which/as引导从句收尾补充结果、评价。 3. 完形填空 难点考查：语境下引导词辨析，区分定语从句与状语从句、并列句；读懂逗号分隔的补充语义。 干扰项常设：that、what、it等易错迷惑选项。 4. 阅读理解 长难句拆解：非限制性定语从句是高考长难句核心，用于修饰专有名词、事件背景，干扰主干提取。 5. 书面表达提分 阅卷加分神器：用非限制性定语从句替代重复简单句，丰富句式层次，描述人物、家乡、活动、观点，告别and堆砌。 知识点1 定义与基本概念 对先行词进行补充、附加说明，不限制、不定义先行词。非限制性定语从句是对先行词起补充说明作用的定语从句，与先行词之间的关系相对松散，不是必不可少的修饰成分。它通常用逗号与主句隔开，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。 ✅ 关键逻辑：删去从句，主句语义完整、不改变 ❌ 对比限制性定语从句：删去从句，主句语义不完整、指代模糊 ⚠️ 禁忌：非限制性定语从句绝对不用 that / why 知识点2 用法特点 标点特征：必须用逗号与主句隔开（唯一外观识别信号） 语义特征：补充信息，无限定作用，翻译可单独成句 指代特征：可指代单个名词、整个主句、主句部分内容 1. 位置灵活：可以位于主句之后，也可以位于主句中间或主句之前。 As we all know, he is a good student.（as 引导的非限制性定语从句位于句首）； The boy, who is very clever, often helps his classmates.（非限制性定语从句位于主句中间）。 2. 修饰对象：可以修饰单个名词、代词，也可以修饰整个句子或句子的一部分。 He passed the exam, which made his parents happy.（which 修饰前面整个句子 “he passed the exam”）。 知识点3 非限制性定语从句的关系词 关系代词的使用 1.which: 指代事物或整个主句。 He passed the exam, which made his parents very happy. (which 指代前面整个主句) 【24-25高三上·山东潍坊·开学考试】It's very important for us British to be in Bath in this afternoon,__________is the best and most elegant afternoon tea destination,”said Dianne Francombe, CEO of the Bristol and West of England China Bureau. 【答案】which 【答案】考查定语从句。句意：今天下午,我们英国人来到巴斯,这是最重要、最优雅的下午茶目的地。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Bath，指物，应填which，作定语从句的主语，故填which。 2.who / whom: 指代人。who 在从句中作主语，whom 作宾语。 My boss, who is from Canada, is very friendly. Mr. Li, whom you met yesterday, is our new manager. 3.whose: 表示“某人的”或“某物的”，在从句中作定语。 The house, whose windows face south, gets plenty of sunlight. 【24-25高三上·福建·期末】When Su was exiled (流放) to Hangzhou, he initiated a thorough dredging (清淤) of West Lake, benefits were immediate and clear for the locals. 【答案】whose 【答案】考查定语从句。句意：当苏被流放到杭州时，他开始对西湖进行彻底的疏浚，这对当地人来说是立竿见影的。设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作定语，指代前文“西湖疏浚的益处”即表示所属关系。故填whose。 4.as: 常用于 as we know, as is reported, as is often the case 等固定结构中，也可指代整个主句，常带有“正如...”的含义。 As is known to all, Taiwan is an inalienable part of China. He is late again, as is often the case. 关系副词的使用 5.when: 指代时间，在从句中作时间状语。 I will never forget that day, when we first met. 6.where: 指代地点，在从句中作地点状语。 They went to the Great Wall, where they took many photos. 【2025·浙江杭州·模拟预测】For those who cannot make it to Guanghan, __________ the extensive site of Sanxingdui is located, an immersive exhibition equipped with digital technology, titled Hello Sanxingdui, offers an alternative means to be awed by the magnificence of this Bronze Age culture. 【答案】where 【答案】考查定语从句。句意：对于那些不能去广汉三星堆遗址所在地的人来说，一个名为“你好，三星堆”的数字技术沉浸式展览为他们提供了另一种方式，让他们惊叹于青铜时代文化的辉煌。此处是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Guanghan，关系词在从句作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 作介词宾语，即“介词+which/whom”引导非限制性定语从句。 In the reference library are reference books,from which you can get information. 资料室有参考书，你可以从这些参考书中获取资料。 Professor Smith made a major technological breakthrough, for which he was awarded 50,000 dollars.  史密斯教授在技术上取得了重大突破，因此获得了5万美元的奖金。 whom、which前面可以加some/many/neither/all of等修饰词，of which/whom构成的介词短语作定语，修饰其前边的代词，表示整体中的部分或所有。 There are two rooms upstairs,neither of which has been decorated.楼上有两个房间，都没有装修过。 Many people,some of whom are not overweight,are going on a diet.许多人正在节食，其中有些人并不超重。 【24-25高三上·福建福州·阶段练习】The shows drew over 22,000 French students, half of got involved in the workshops on Chinese opera makeups and gestures afterwards. 【答案】whom 【答案】考查定语从句。句意：这些演出吸引了超过2.2万名法国学生，其中一半的学生参加了之后关于中国戏曲化妆和手势的研讨会。half of whom 引导定语从句，whom指代先行词French students作of宾语。故填whom。 “介词 + which + 名词”结构中，which作定语，修饰后边的名词，整个介词短语在从句中作状语。 My brother spent five years at college,during which time he studied medicine. 我哥哥上了五年大学，在此期间他学了医学。 The writer lost the manuscript during the war, in which case he had to rewrite the book. 作者在战争中丢失了原稿，在这种情况下他不得不重写这本书。 知识点4 高频重难点 1. which vs as 指代整句（必考辨析） ✅ as：位置灵活（可句首/句中/句末），表正如、众所周知，语义积极、客观 固定句式：as we all know / as is known to all / as expected ✅which：只能放句末，表这一点、这件事，可褒可贬（侧重结果） As is expected, he won the game.（正如预期） He lied to me,which made me angry.（这件事让我生气） 2. “介词+关系代词” 高级考点（语法填空/改错高频） ✅ 固定结构：介词+ which/whom（不用who/that） 介词判断3大依据： ① 先行词搭配（the day on which）② 动词搭配（depend on which）③ 句意逻辑（表所属、方式、原因） I have two books,of which both are useful. 知识点5 解题思路 1.看逗号：句子中有逗号，极大可能考查非限制性定语从句。 2.判成分：分析从句中缺少什么成分（主语、宾语、状语、定语）。 3.辨指代：看关系词指代的是人、物、整个句子、时间还是地点。 4.选关系词：根据以上分析，选择正确的关系代词或关系副词。从句中 ①　缺主语，指人 -> who ②　缺主语，指物/整个句子 -> which / as ③　缺宾语，指人 -> whom / who (口语中) ④　缺定语 -> whose ⑤　缺时间状语 -> when ⑥　缺地点状语 -> where 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 1.The Eiffel Tower, __________ was built in 1889, is a symbol of Paris. 2.Yesterday I met Mary, __________ father is a famous scientist. 3.The meeting will be held next Monday, __________ I will be available. 4.He finally passed the driving test, __________ was a big relief for his family. 5.This is the village __________ my grandfather grew up. 6.She introduced me to her husband, __________ I had never met before. 7.The company, __________ headquarters are in Shanghai, is expanding its business. 8.We will put off the outing until next week, __________ the weather may be better. 9.The singer, __________ latest album is a great success, will hold a concert here. 10.The reason __________ he was absent is still unknown. 11.I have many friends, some of __________ are lawyers. 12.__________ we all know, smoking is harmful to health. 13.The car, __________ owner is a doctor, was parked illegally. 14.They arrived at the resort, __________ there was a beautiful beach. 15.The problem, __________ we discussed yesterday, has been solved. 【答案】1.which (指代物 The Eiffel Tower，在从句中作主语) 2.whose (表示 Mary‘s father，在从句中作定语) 3.when (指代时间 next Monday，在从句中作时间状语) 4.which (指代前面整个主句 “他终于通过了驾照考试” 这件事) 5.where (这是一个限制性定语从句，但考点是关系副词。指代地点 the village，在从句中作地点状语) 6.whom (指代人 her husband，在从句中作宾语 met 的宾语) 7.whose (表示 The company's headquarters，在从句中作定语) 8.when (指代时间 next week，在从句中作时间状语) 9.whose (表示 The singer's latest album，在从句中作定语) 10.why (这是一个限制性定语从句。指代原因 The reason，在从句中作原因状语。注：非限制性定语从句中 很少用why) 11.whom (指代人 many friends，跟在介词 of 后作宾语，所以用宾格 whom) 12.As (固定用法，As we all know，意为“正如我们所知”) 13.whose (表示 The car's owner，在从句中作定语) 14.where (指代地点 the resort，在从句中作地点状语) 15.which (指代物 The problem，在从句中作宾语 discussed 的宾语) 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 1.（24-25高三下·广东深圳·模拟预测）In the past, Chinese animation was seen as products for a younger audience, with technical standards and narrative abilities __________ struggled to match with Hollywood or Japanese animation.  【答案】 which/that  【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在过去，中国动画被视为面向年轻观众的产品，其技术标准和叙事能力难以与好莱坞或日本动画相媲美。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词technical standards and narrative abilities。先行词指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that引导该从句。故填which/that。 2.（24-25高三下·江苏南通·阶段练习）Working with tourism companies from Guilin, they transformed their surroundings into a terraced (梯田) landscape __________ tourists were delighted in all seasons     and profited from its development.  【答案】where      【解析】考查定语从句。句意：通过与桂林的旅游公司合作，他们将周边环境改造成了一片梯田景观，游客们一年四季都能在此处玩得开心，并且还能从梯田景观的发展中获益。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是a terraced (梯田) landscape，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 3.（2025·江苏常州·一模）Have you heard of the term Start of Winter? There are things you may not know about it. Start of Winter is the first one of 24 Solar terms, among          it means winter is coming and crops harvested in autumn should be stored up. 【答案】which  【解析】考查定语从句。句意：立冬是24节气中的第一个节气，这意味着冬天即将来临，秋天收获的庄稼应该储存起来。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“24 Solar terms”，在介词 “among”后作宾语，关系代词要用“which”，故填which。 4.（24-25高三下·江苏盐城·阶段练习）Congratulations to China and all Asian athletes on your inspiring Olympic success,           achievements have not only redefined the limits of human potential but have also made a new era for Asia on the world stage. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：祝贺中国和所有亚洲运动员取得鼓舞人心的奥运成功，你们的成就不仅重新定义了人类潜力的极限，也在世界舞台上开启了亚洲的新时代。空处引导非限制定语从句，先行词是China and all Asian athletes，在定语从句中作achievements的定语，用 whose 引导定语从句，故填whose。 5.（24-25高三下·江苏苏州·阶段练习）Don’t miss the very visual feast          challenges people’s fixed images of animated films. 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：不要错过这场挑战人们对动画电影固定印象的视觉盛宴。此处引导限制性定语从句修饰visual feast，且在从句中作主语，故用that或which。故填that/which。 6.（24-25高三上·江苏扬州·开学考试） Furong Cave, as marvelous as the other sights, is the only cave in China __________ was listed in the World Natural Heritage List. 【答案】that  【解析】考查定语从句。句意：芙蓉洞与其他景点一样神奇，是中国唯一一个被列入世界自然遗产名录的洞穴。此处引导定语从句，先行词为the only cave，指物，从句中缺少主语，故应用that引导，故填that。 7.（2025·江苏·模拟预测）Other factors          might make it more challenging for people to make friends include having social anxiety disorder, preferring to stay alone, or not knowing where to look for new friends. 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：其他可能使人们更难交朋友的因素包括患有社交焦虑症、喜欢独处或不知道去哪里寻找新朋友。本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词factors，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。 8.（2024·湖南长沙·模拟） Alibaba’s Hema Fresh Store, _________ customers can shop, dine and order goods for delivery from their mobile phones via Alipay, has come into the spotlight recently. Media reports say that consumers can’t purchase goods with cash there, which would be considered illegal. 【答案】where  【解析】考查定语从句。句意：阿里巴巴的“盒马鲜生店”最近备受关注，顾客可以通过支付宝手机购物、用餐和订购外卖。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Alibaba’s Hema Fresh Store，先行词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导。故填where。 9.（24-25高三下·河北保定·开学考试）The specialties include “fish cake”, ciba and wild lotus root,     awakening my nostalgia (思念) for the place _________ I grew up, as well as a strong sense of missing loved ones back in my old hometown. So long as that feeling does not wane, never would nianwei. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这里的特色菜有“鱼饼”、糍粑和野莲藕，唤起了我对家乡的怀念，也唤起了我对故乡亲人的强烈思念。此处需要使用关系词引导定语从句，先行词为place，先行词在从句中作地点状语，因此需要使用关系副词where。故填where。 10.（24-25高三下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）One reason is _________ when great books move to the big screen, some plot details and characters are lost.  【答案】that  【解析】考查表语从句。句意：其中一个原因是，当伟大的书籍被搬上大银幕时，一些情节细节和人物就会丢失。设空处引导表语从句，从句中不缺成分，且无实际意义，应用that引导该从句，故填that。 11.（24-25高三下·江苏苏州·阶段练习）Two models of the CR450 high-speed train, unveiled on Sunday in Beijing, can reach a test speed of 450 kilometers per hour, _________ means the CR450 will become the fastest high-speed train in the world once brought into commercial service.  【答案】which  【解析】考查定语从句。句意：周日在北京公布的两款CR450高速列车的测试速度可以达到每小时450公里，这意味着一旦投入商业服务，CR450将成为世界上最快的高速列车。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“达到每小时450公里的测试速度”这件事，应用关系代词which，在从句中作主语。故填which。 12.（2025·江苏泰州·一模）For instance, the annual sports meeting is filled with thrills,_______    students can show their athletic abilities. Cultural festivals also offer a platform for them to display their talents in art, music, and so on.  【答案】where  【解析】考查定语从句。句意：例如，年度运动会充满了刺激，学生们可以在此展示他们的运动能力。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，所以此处使用关系副词，先行词sports meeting为抽象地点名词，所以此处使用关系副词where。故填where。 13.（24-25高三下·浙江宁波·阶段练习）Since 2015, Li has started posting short videos on Sina Weibo,        _________she, often dressed in graceful traditional garments, rises at sunrise, rests at sunset, plants seeds, harvests flowers, cooks Chinese dishes and crafts bamboo furniture. 【答案】 where  【解析】考查定语从句。句意：自2015年以来，李开始在新浪微博上发布短视频，在视频中，她经常穿着优雅的传统服装，日出而起，日落而眠，播种，收割，烹饪中国菜和制作竹家具。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是short videos，关系词在从句中作地点状语，使用关系副词where引导，故填where。 14.（24-25高三下·浙江杭州·阶段练习）The tea ceremony can be a form of meditation and self-reflection,___________  helps people to calm their minds and find inner peace.  【答案】which  【解析】考查定语从句。句意：茶道可以是一种冥想和自我反思的形式，它有助于人们平静心灵，找到内心的平静。“____ helps people to calm their minds and find inner peace”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a form of meditation and self-reflection，关系词将其代入从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 14.（2025·重庆·一模）Among the students is 66-year-old Ray Magri, __________ has been studying Chinese for five years, driven by his passion for Chinese culture. 【答案】who  【解析】考查定语从句。句意：学生中有66岁的Ray Magri，由于对中国文化的热爱，他已经学习中文五年了。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词Ray Magri是人，因此空格处用关系代词who，故填who。 15.（2025·全国·模拟预测）When they later sought opportunities in the United States, they brought Hunan and Sichuan Cuisines to New York, __________ these two cooking styles were adjusted to suit local tastes. 【答案】where 【解析】考查连词。句意：后来，当他们在美国寻找机会时，他们把湖南菜和四川菜带到了纽约，在那里，这两种烹饪风格都经过了调整，以适应当地的口味。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是New York，表示地点的名词，应用where引导定语从句，关系词在从句中作地点状语。或者空处用and，连接前后两句话，表示并列。故填where/and。 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 1.（2025年新高考II卷语法填空）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, __________ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.  【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览，展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋（中文称为“围棋”），它起源4000多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词为Go, or weiqi in Chinese，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 2.（2025年新高考II卷语法填空）I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, __________ bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and central heating doesn’t exist.  【答案】 where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：然而现在，我和我的中国丈夫和他的家人住在中国浙江的农村，在那里山上野生竹子和茶树丛生，鸡总是自由放养的，而且没有集中供暖。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the countryside of Zhejiang，China，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 3.（2025年北京卷语法填空）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, __________ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 【答案】 which 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客留下了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是“1.3 billion tons of food waste”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。 4.（2024年新高考I卷语法填空）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route __________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 【答案】which/that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 5.（2024年新高考II卷语法填空）Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, _______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.  【答案】who 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。 6.（2024年新高考II卷语法填空）Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way ________ will make them the most money.  【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 7.（2023年全国甲卷语法填空）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today,    __    Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”. 【答案】 as 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。 8.（2023年全国甲卷语法填空）Yellowstone was the largest United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _________ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用which，故填which。 9.（2023年全国甲卷语法填空）“There was once a town in the heart of America,    __    all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.  【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 10.（2023年全国乙卷语法填空）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place_________ welcome the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。先行词place，定语从句中关系词充当主语，指代先行词place,故选用关系代词that或which。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 非限制性定语从句（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 掌握非限制性定语从句的核心定义：补充说明先行词，无它不影响主句完整，必须用逗号与主句隔开，不能用that/why引导。 2. 熟练辨析引导词用法：关系代词（who, whom, whose, which）、关系副词（when, where）的精准选用；重点掌握which指代整个主句的特殊用法。 3. 掌握“介词+关系代词（which/whom）”的固定结构，以及as引导非限制性定语从句（常放句首）的特殊句型。 复习难点： 1. 区分限制性定语从句 vs 非限制性定语从句：逗号有无、语义功能、引导词差异的精准辨别，避免混用that。 2. 攻克which指代整句话、as与which引导句首定语从句的易混辨析；正确判断介词+which/whom中介词的选择依据。 3. 在完形填空、语法填空、书面写作中灵活运用：区分句子结构、避免逗号粘连；用非限制性定语从句升级长难句，提升作文高级感。 考情规律 1. 语法填空/词汇运用 高频考查：逗号后先行词判断、指代事物/整句必填which；指代人用who/whom；所属关系用whose。 必考陷阱：非限制性从句绝对禁用that；先行词是时间/地点时区分when/where/which。 常考结构：名词+of which、介词+which/whom搭配填空。 2. 句型转换/句子翻译 常考改写：两个简单句合并为非限制性定语从句；把并列句、状语从句简化为非限定定语结构。 汉译英高频：补充人物、地点、事件背景信息，用which/as引导从句收尾补充结果、评价。 3. 完形填空 难点考查：语境下引导词辨析，区分定语从句与状语从句、并列句；读懂逗号分隔的补充语义。 干扰项常设：that、what、it等易错迷惑选项。 4. 阅读理解 长难句拆解：非限制性定语从句是高考长难句核心，用于修饰专有名词、事件背景，干扰主干提取。 5. 书面表达提分 阅卷加分神器：用非限制性定语从句替代重复简单句，丰富句式层次，描述人物、家乡、活动、观点，告别and堆砌。 知识点1 定义与基本概念 对先行词进行补充、附加说明，不限制、不定义先行词。非限制性定语从句是对先行词起补充说明作用的定语从句，与先行词之间的关系相对松散，不是必不可少的修饰成分。它通常用逗号与主句隔开，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。 ✅ 关键逻辑：删去从句，主句语义完整、不改变 ❌ 对比限制性定语从句：删去从句，主句语义不完整、指代模糊 ⚠️ 禁忌：非限制性定语从句绝对不用 that / why 知识点2 用法特点 标点特征：必须用逗号与主句隔开（唯一外观识别信号） 语义特征：补充信息，无限定作用，翻译可单独成句 指代特征：可指代单个名词、整个主句、主句部分内容 1. 位置灵活：可以位于主句之后，也可以位于主句中间或主句之前。 As we all know, he is a good student.（as 引导的非限制性定语从句位于句首）； The boy, who is very clever, often helps his classmates.（非限制性定语从句位于主句中间）。 2. 修饰对象：可以修饰单个名词、代词，也可以修饰整个句子或句子的一部分。 He passed the exam, which made his parents happy.（which 修饰前面整个句子 “he passed the exam”）。 知识点3 非限制性定语从句的关系词 关系代词的使用 He passed the exam, which made his parents very happy. (which 指代前面整个主句) 【24-25高三上·山东潍坊·开学考试】It's very important for us British to be in Bath in this afternoon,__________is the best and most elegant afternoon tea destination,”said Dianne Francombe, CEO of the Bristol and West of England China Bureau. My boss, who is from Canada, is very friendly. Mr. Li, whom you met yesterday, is our new manager. The house, whose windows face south, gets plenty of sunlight. 【24-25高三上·福建·期末】When Su was exiled (流放) to Hangzhou, he initiated a thorough dredging (清淤) of West Lake, benefits were immediate and clear for the locals. As is known to all, Taiwan is an inalienable part of China. He is late again, as is often the case. 关系副词的使用 I will never forget that day, when we first met. They went to the Great Wall, where they took many photos. 【2025·浙江杭州·模拟预测】For those who cannot make it to Guanghan, __________ the extensive site of Sanxingdui is located, an immersive exhibition equipped with digital technology, titled Hello Sanxingdui, offers an alternative means to be awed by the magnificence of this Bronze Age culture. 作介词宾语，即“介词+which/whom”引导非限制性定语从句。 In the reference library are reference books,from which you can get information. 资料室有参考书，你可以从这些参考书中获取资料。 Professor Smith made a major technological breakthrough, for which he was awarded 50,000 dollars.  史密斯教授在技术上取得了重大突破，因此获得了5万美元的奖金。 whom、which前面可以加some/many/neither/all of等修饰词，of which/whom构成的介词短语作定语，修饰其前边的代词，表示整体中的部分或所有。 There are two rooms upstairs,neither of which has been decorated.楼上有两个房间，都没有装修过。 Many people,some of whom are not overweight,are going on a diet.许多人正在节食，其中有些人并不超重。 【24-25高三上·福建福州·阶段练习】The shows drew over 22,000 French students, half of got involved in the workshops on Chinese opera makeups and gestures afterwards. “介词 + which + 名词”结构中，which作定语，修饰后边的名词，整个介词短语在从句中作状语。 My brother spent five years at college,during which time he studied medicine. 我哥哥上了五年大学，在此期间他学了医学。 The writer lost the manuscript during the war, in which case he had to rewrite the book. 作者在战争中丢失了原稿，在这种情况下他不得不重写这本书。 知识点4 高频重难点 1. which vs as 指代整句（必考辨析） ✅ as：位置灵活（可句首/句中/句末），表正如、众所周知，语义积极、客观 固定句式：as we all know / as is known to all / as expected ✅which：只能放句末，表这一点、这件事，可褒可贬（侧重结果） As is expected, he won the game.（正如预期） He lied to me,which made me angry.（这件事让我生气） 2. “介词+关系代词” 高级考点（语法填空/改错高频） ✅ 固定结构：介词+ which/whom（不用who/that） 介词判断3大依据： ① 先行词搭配（the day on which）② 动词搭配（depend on which）③ 句意逻辑（表所属、方式、原因） I have two books,of which both are useful. 知识点5 解题思路 1.看逗号：句子中有逗号，极大可能考查非限制性定语从句。 2.判成分：分析从句中缺少什么成分（主语、宾语、状语、定语）。 3.辨指代：看关系词指代的是人、物、整个句子、时间还是地点。 4.选关系词：根据以上分析，选择正确的关系代词或关系副词。从句中 ①　缺主语，指人 -> who ②　缺主语，指物/整个句子 -> which / as ③　缺宾语，指人 -> whom / who (口语中) ④　缺定语 -> whose ⑤　缺时间状语 -> when ⑥　缺地点状语 -> where 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 1.The Eiffel Tower, __________ was built in 1889, is a symbol of Paris. 2.Yesterday I met Mary, __________ father is a famous scientist. 3.The meeting will be held next Monday, __________ I will be available. 4.He finally passed the driving test, __________ was a big relief for his family. 5.This is the village __________ my grandfather grew up. 6.She introduced me to her husband, __________ I had never met before. 7.The company, __________ headquarters are in Shanghai, is expanding its business. 8.We will put off the outing until next week, __________ the weather may be better. 9.The singer, __________ latest album is a great success, will hold a concert here. 10.The reason __________ he was absent is still unknown. 11.I have many friends, some of __________ are lawyers. 12.__________ we all know, smoking is harmful to health. 13.The car, __________ owner is a doctor, was parked illegally. 14.They arrived at the resort, __________ there was a beautiful beach. 15.The problem, __________ we discussed yesterday, has been solved. 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 1.（24-25高三下·广东深圳·模拟预测）In the past, Chinese animation was seen as products for a younger audience, with technical standards and narrative abilities __________ struggled to match with Hollywood or Japanese animation.  2.（24-25高三下·江苏南通·阶段练习）Working with tourism companies from Guilin, they transformed their surroundings into a terraced (梯田) landscape __________ tourists were delighted in all seasons     and profited from its development.  3.（2025·江苏常州·一模）Have you heard of the term Start of Winter? There are things you may not know about it. Start of Winter is the first one of 24 Solar terms, among          it means winter is coming and crops harvested in autumn should be stored up. 4.（24-25高三下·江苏盐城·阶段练习）Congratulations to China and all Asian athletes on your inspiring Olympic success,           achievements have not only redefined the limits of human potential but have also made a new era for Asia on the world stage. 5.（24-25高三下·江苏苏州·阶段练习）Don’t miss the very visual feast          challenges people’s fixed images of animated films. 6.（24-25高三上·江苏扬州·开学考试） Furong Cave, as marvelous as the other sights, is the only cave in China __________ was listed in the World Natural Heritage List. 7.（2025·江苏·模拟预测）Other factors          might make it more challenging for people to make friends include having social anxiety disorder, preferring to stay alone, or not knowing where to look for new friends. 8.（2024·湖南长沙·模拟） Alibaba’s Hema Fresh Store, _________ customers can shop, dine and order goods for delivery from their mobile phones via Alipay, has come into the spotlight recently. Media reports say that consumers can’t purchase goods with cash there, which would be considered illegal. 9.（24-25高三下·河北保定·开学考试）The specialties include “fish cake”, ciba and wild lotus root,     awakening my nostalgia (思念) for the place _________ I grew up, as well as a strong sense of missing loved ones back in my old hometown. So long as that feeling does not wane, never would nianwei. 10.（24-25高三下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）One reason is _________ when great books move to the big screen, some plot details and characters are lost.  11.（24-25高三下·江苏苏州·阶段练习）Two models of the CR450 high-speed train, unveiled on Sunday in Beijing, can reach a test speed of 450 kilometers per hour, _________ means the CR450 will become the fastest high-speed train in the world once brought into commercial service.  12.（2025·江苏泰州·一模）For instance, the annual sports meeting is filled with thrills,_______    students can show their athletic abilities. Cultural festivals also offer a platform for them to display their talents in art, music, and so on.  13.（24-25高三下·浙江宁波·阶段练习）Since 2015, Li has started posting short videos on Sina Weibo,        _________she, often dressed in graceful traditional garments, rises at sunrise, rests at sunset, plants seeds, harvests flowers, cooks Chinese dishes and crafts bamboo furniture. 14.（24-25高三下·浙江杭州·阶段练习）The tea ceremony can be a form of meditation and self-reflection,___________  helps people to calm their minds and find inner peace.  14.（2025·重庆·一模）Among the students is 66-year-old Ray Magri, __________ has been studying Chinese for five years, driven by his passion for Chinese culture. 15.（2025·全国·模拟预测）When they later sought opportunities in the United States, they brought Hunan and Sichuan Cuisines to New York, __________ these two cooking styles were adjusted to suit local tastes. 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 1.（2025年新高考II卷语法填空）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, __________ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.  2.（2025年新高考II卷语法填空）I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, __________ bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and central heating doesn’t exist.  3.（2025年北京卷语法填空）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, __________ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 4.（2024年新高考I卷语法填空）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route __________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 5.（2024年新高考II卷语法填空）Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, _______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.  6.（2024年新高考II卷语法填空）Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way ________ will make them the most money.  7.（2023年全国甲卷语法填空）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today,    __    Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”. 8.（2023年全国甲卷语法填空）Yellowstone was the largest United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _________ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 9.（2023年全国甲卷语法填空）“There was once a town in the heart of America,    __    all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.  10.（2023年全国乙卷语法填空）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place_________ welcome the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $