内容正文:
初中译林版
【寒假专版】
9年级语法精讲
寒假专版
各种时态和语法复习
寒假语法易错点精讲
学段:初中教材:译林版
年级:9年级
语法认知
一般现在时=表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态,常与usually,.often,.always,every day等时间状
语连用,动词用原形(第三人称单数作主语时动词加-s-s)。
一般过去时=表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常与yesterday,last week,in2020等过
去时间状语连用,动词用过去式。
一般将来时=表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用wil+动词原形或be going to+动词原形,
常与tomorrow,next week,in the future等将来时间状语连用。
现在进行时=表示此时此刻正在进行的动作,结构为be(an/is/are)+动词的现在分词(-ing形式),
常与now,look,listen等词连用。
过去进行时=表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作,结构为was/were+动词的现在分词,常与at8
o'clock last night,when引导的时间状语从句等连用。
现在完成时=表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去开始一直持续到现在的动
作,结构为have/has+动词的过去分词,常与already,yet,ever,never,since,for等词连用。
过去完成时=表示在过去某个动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即“过去的过去”,结构为had+
动词的过去分词,常与by the time,.before等引导的过去时间状语从句连用。
易错点讲解
易错点一:一般现在时与现在进行时的混淆
讲解:
般现在时表示经常性、习惯性动作或客观真理,常与always/often/usually/every day等时间状语
连用;现在进行时表示此刻正在进行的动作,常与now/look/listen等词连用。
例句:
-He usually reads books in the evening.(经常性动作,用一般现在时)
He is reading a book now.(此刻正在进行,用现在进行时)
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初中译林版
【寒假专版】
9年级语法精讲
真题再现
(2024江苏南京期中,译林版)Listen!Someone一(sing)in the next room.
答案:is singing
解析:由“Listen!”可知动作正在进行,用现在进行时“be+动词-ing”,主语someone视为单数,
be动词用is。
(2024江苏苏州月考,译林版)My father三(work)in a factory.He三(ot work)today because it's
Sunday.
答案:works;isn't working
解析:第一句表示习惯性动作,用一般现在时,主语my father是第三人称单数,谓语动词用works:
第二句由“today'”和语境可知“今天不上班”是此刻的状态,用现在进行时否定式isn't working。
易错点二:一般过去时与现在完成时的混用
讲解:
般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作,与现在无关,常与yesterday/last week/in2020等明确
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过去时间状语连用:现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或持续到现在,常与
ready/yet/ever/for+时间段/since+时间点连用。
例句:
-He finished his homework last night..(过去时间last night,用一般过去时)
-He has finished his homework already.(对现在的影响“已完成”,用现在完成时)
真题再现
(2023江苏无锡期末,译林版)一-you=(see)the film before?一Yes,I-(sce)it last month.
答案:Have;seen;saw
解析:第一句由“before”可知用现在完成时,主语you,助动词用Have,sce的过去分词是seen:
第二句由“last month”可知用一般过去时,see的过去式是aw。
(2023江苏常州期中,译林版)My grandparents.-(Iive)in this city for50 years.They-(move)here
in1973.
答案:have lived;moved
解析:第一句由“for50 years”可知动作持续到现在,用现在完成时have lived:第二句由“inl973”
可知是过去时间,用一般过去时moved。
易错点三:将来时“will”与“be going to'”的误用
讲解:
will表示临时决定或客观将来:be going to表示计划、打算或根据迹象推断即将发生的动作。
例句:
初中译林版
【寒假专版】
9年级语法精讲
-It will rain tomorrow.(客观将来,用will)
-I am going to visit my grandparents this weekend.(计划好的动作,用be going to)
真题再现
(2024江苏扬州月考,译林版)Look at the black clouds!It一(tain)soon.
答案:is going to rain
解析:由“Look at the black clouds!”可知是根据迹象推断“即将下雨”,用be going to结构,主语
it是单数,be动词用is。
(2024江苏南通期中,译林版)-I need to buy some milk.一I一(go)to the shop.I'll get some for
you.
答案:will go
解析:由语境可知“去商店”是临时决定,用wl表将来。
易错点四:被动语态中“be”动词的遗漏或时态错误
讲解:
被动语态基本结构为“be+及物动词过去分词”,需根据时态变化“be”动词形式(如一般现在时
am/is/are+过去分词,一般过去时was/were+过去分词),不可遗漏“be”动词。
例句:
-English is spoken all over the world.(一般现在时被动语态)
-The letter was written yesterday.(一般过去时被动语态)
真题再现
(2023江苏镇江期末,译林版)A new hospital三build)in our town next year.
答案:will be built
解析:由“next year”可知用一般将来时,主语a new hospital与build是被动关系,用“will be+
过去分词”结构,build的过去分词是buit。
(2023江苏徐州期中,译林版)These photos.三(take)by my brother when he was in Beijing.
答案:were taken
解析:由“when he was in Beijing”可知用一般过去时,主语these photos与take是被动关系,be
动词用were,take的过去分词是taken。
易错点五:宾语从句中时态与语序的错误
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初中译林版
【寒假专版】
9年级语法精讲
讲解:
1.语序:宾语从句需用陈述语序(主语+谓语),不可用疑问语序:
2.时态:主句为一般过去时,从句用相应过去时态(如一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时):
主句为一般现在时,从句根据实际情况用任意时态。
例句:
-Idon't know where he lives..(陈述语序,主句一般现在时,从句用一般现在时)
,She asked if he was reading at that time.(主句一般过去时,从句用过去进行时)
真题再现
(2024江苏盐城月考,译林版)Could you tell me一the nearest post office is?
A.what B.how C.where D.when
答案:C
解析:宾语从句需用陈述语序,根据句意“最近的邮局在哪里”,用whre引导。
(2024江苏泰州期中,译林版)He said that he一(finish)his homework yet.
答案:hadn't finished
解析:主句said是一般过去时,从句由“yet”可知用过去完成时否定式“hadn't+过去分词”,finish
的过去分词是finished。.
易错点综合演练
综合演练
I单项选择(直击易错点)
l.Listen!The students=English songs in the classroom.(易错点一)
A.sing B.sings C.are singing D.sang
2.My family_in this town since2010.(易错点二)
A.live B.lived C.have lived D.will live
3.-We need more chairs for the meeting.
一I=ask the office to send some.(易错点三)
A.am going to B.will C.was going to D.go
4.A new park-in our city last year.(易错点四)
A.builds B.built C.was built D.is built
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空(强化易错点区分)
1.Tom often-(play)basketball after school,.buthe_(watch)TV now.(易错点一)
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初中译林版
【寒假专版】
9年级语法精讲
2.一=you=(visit)the Great Wall before?(易错点二)
-Yes,I(go)there with my parents in 2022.
3.Look at the clock!The train_(leave)in five minutes.(易错点三)
4.This story_(write)by a famous writer many years ago.(易错点四)
Ⅱ.短文填空(综合运用四大易错点)
用所给词的适当形式填空,使短文完整通顺:
Li Ming is a student in Grade 9.He_(get up)at 6:30 every morning.But today he_(wake)up late,
so he(hurry)to school now.His mother often tells him,"If you don't plan your time well,you
(be)late again.”
Li Ming(live)in this neighborhood for 10 years.His family(move)here when he was 5 years old.
Last week,anew supermarket(open)near his home.It_(build)in only three months.Now Li Ming
and his friends(go)shopping there every weekend.
V连词成句(聚焦易错句式)
l.usually,my mother,,dinner,cooks,.in the evening()(易错点一)
2.already,we,the movie,.seen,have()(易错点二)
3.the sky,dark,is,going to,it,rain,looks,so()(易错点三)
4.the letter,by,yesterday,.Tom,was,written()(易错点四)
参考答案
I.单项选择
1.C2.C3.B4.C
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.plays;is watching
2.Have;visited;went
3.is going to leave
4.was written
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初中译林版
【寒假专版】9年级语法精讲
L.短文填空
1.gets up 2.woke 3.is hurrying 4.will be
5.has lived 6.moved 7.opened 8.was built 9.go
V.连词成句
1.My mother usually cooks dinner in the evening
2.We have already seen the movie.
3.The sky looks so dark.It is going to rain.
4.The letter was written by Tom yesterday.
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