被动语态-2025-2026学年九年级英语下册语法易错点精讲（译林版）

初中译林版 【寒假专版】 9年级语法精讲 寒假专版 被动语态专项训练 寒假语法易错点精讲 学段：初中 教材：译林版年级：9年级 语法认知 被动语态=动作的承受者作主语的句子结构，强调动作被谁执行或动作本身，由“b动词+及物 动词的过去分词”构成。 易错点讲解 易错点一：被动语态中be动词的遗漏或时态错误 讲解： 被动语态的基本结构为“be+过去分词”，b动词需根据时态和主语人称数变化，不可遗漏。一般 现在时用am/is/are,一般过去时用was/were,一般将来时用will be/be going to be。 例句：主动：People speak English here..被动：English is spoken here.（一般现在时be动词is不可 漏) 主动：He finished the work yesterday.被动：The work was finished yesterday.(一般过去时用was) 真题再现： 1.(2024江苏南京期中，译林版)Many trees_in our city every spring A plant B planted C are planted D were planted 答案：C解析：由every spring可知用一般现在时，主语trees是动作承受者，被动语态结构为 are+过去分词planted。 2.(2024江苏苏州月考，译林版)The old bridge_last year because it was dangerous. A is built B was built C will be built D builds 答案：B解析：由last year可知用一般过去时，主语bridge是动作承受者，被动语态结构为was+ 过去分词built。 易错点二：感官动词和使役动词的被动语态用法错误 初中译林版 【寒假专版】 9年级语法精讲 讲解： 感官动词(see/hear/watch等)和使役动词(make/Iet/have)主动语态接不带to的不定式，变为被 动语态时需还原to,结构为“be seen/heard/made+todo”。 例句：主动：We saw him enter the room.被动：He was seen to enter the room. 主动：The teacher made her rewrite the composition.a被动：She was made to rewrite the composition, 真题再现： l.(2023江苏无锡期末，译林版)The girl was heard_happily in the next room just now. A sing B to sing C singing D sung 答案：B解析：hear用于被动语态时，其后不定式需加to,be heard to sing表示“被听到唱歌”。 2.(2023江苏常州期中，译林版)Did you see Tom take the magazine?-No,but he was made_it back at once. A return B returns C to return D returning 答案：C解析：make用于被动语态时，其后不定式需加to,be made to return表示“被迫归还”。 易错点三：主动形式表示被动意义的动词误用被动语态 讲解： 某些不及物动词（如sell/write/read/open等）和系动词（如look/sound/taste等）主动形式可表示被 动意义，无需用被动语态，主语通常是物。 例句：This kind of book sells well..(这本书畅销，不用is sold) The food tastes delicious..(食物尝起来美味，不用is tasted) 真题再现： 1.(2024江苏扬州月考，译林版)This sweater well and out in two days. A sells;will be sold B is sold:sells C is sold:will be sold D sells;sells 答案：A解析：第一空表示“畅销”用主动形式slls:第二空表示“被卖完”用被动语态will be sold,由in two days可知用一般将来时。 2.(2023江苏镇江期末，译林版)The new song_very beautiful.Many people like it. A feels B sounds C is sounded D is felt 答案：B解析：sound表示“听起来”是系动词，主动形式表被动意义，主语song是物，直接 用sounds。 易错点四：by短语的滥用与省略混淆 2 初中译林版 【寒假专版】 9年级语法精讲 讲解： 被动语态中by短语用于说明动作执行者，若执行者不明或不重要时可省略；但强调执行者时必须 保留by。 例句：The book was written by Lu Xun.(强调执行者鲁迅，需用by) The meeting will be held tomorrow.(执行者不明，省略by) 真题再现： 1.(2024江苏南通期中，译林版)A wonderful speech_by the headmaster at the opening ceremony yesterday. A gives B gave C was given D was given by 答案：C解析：主语speech是动作承受者，用被动语态，句中已明确时间yesterday,执行者 “headmaster”作主语同位语，此处省略by不影响句意，完整表达为was given by the headmaster。 2.(2023江苏盐城期末，译林版)The old photos_by my father in the1980s. A take B took C were taken D were taken by 答案：C解析：主语photos是动作承受者，用被动语态，“by my father'”在句中作状语，此处 已有执行者my father,完整结构为were taken by my father,但选项中C已包含被动语态核心结构， 符合语法要求。 易错点五：情态动词的被动语态结构错误 讲解： 情态动词(can/may/must/.should等)的被动语态结构为“情态动词+be+过去分词”，be动词不可 省略，过去分词不可用原形。 例句：主动：We must finish the work today..被动：The work must be finished today.. 主动：You can take this book home..被动：This book can be taken home. 真题再现： 1.(2024江苏淮安月考，译林版)These rules_by everyone in our school. A must follow B must be followed C must followed D must to be followed 答案：B解析：情态动词must的被动语态结构为must+be+过去分词，follow的过去分词是 followed,故选B。 2.(2023江苏徐州期中，译林版)一May the magazine一out of the reading room?一No,it一. A take;may not B be taken;mustn't Cbe taken;may not D take;mustn't 答案：B解析：第一空magazine是动作承受者，may的被动语态为may be taken;第二空由No 可知用mustn't表示“禁止”，符合图书馆规则语境。 初中译林版 【寒假专版】 9年级语法精讲 易错点综合演练 综合演练 1.单项选择（直击易错点) 1.The old house in 1990 and it looks new now. A build B built C was built Dis built 2.He was seen the classroom when the bell rang. A leave B to leave C leaving Dleft 3.This kind of silk soft and well in the store. A feels;sells B is felt;is sold C feels;is sold D is felt;sells 4.The homework before class tomorrow. A must finish B must be finished Cmust finished D must to be finished Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化易错点区分） 1.Many trees(plant)in the park every spring. 2.The children were made (clean)their rooms yesterday. 3.This storybook (sell)well because it's interesting. 4.These questions(can answer)by the students easily. Ⅱ.短文填空（综合运用四大易错点） 用括号内单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。 Last year,anew library(build)in our school.It(visit)bymany studentsevery day.The books there (look)new and(read)easily.Teachers often tell us that the books(must return)on time.Once, I (see)Tom take a book without borrowing it.Later,he(make)(put)it back by the librarian. V连词成句（聚焦易错句式） 1.the,classroom,cleaned,every,is,day (. 2.heard,she,to,sing,was,just now (. 3.this,cloth,well,washes() 4.be,the,work,must,finished,Friday,by (. 参考答案 4 初中译林版 【寒假专版】9年级语法精讲 I单项选择 1.C2.B3.A4B Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 1.are planted 2.to clean 3.sells 4.can be answered III.短文填空 1.was built 2.is visited 3.look 4.read 5.must be returned 6.saw 7.was made 8.to put V.连词成句 1.The classroom is cleaned every day. 2.She was heard to sing just now. 3.This cloth washes well. 4.The work must be finished by Friday. 5