动词专项 被动语态-2025-2026学年初中英语语法易错点精讲（全国版）

初中全国版 【寒假专版】 动词专项语法精讲 寒假专版 被动语态专项训练 寒假语法易错点精讲 学段：初中教材：全国版 年级：动词专项 语法认知 被动语态=主动语态中动作的承受者作主语，强调动作被谁执行或动作本身，基本结构为“b动词 +动词过去分词”。一般现在时被动用am/is/are+done,一般过去时被动用was/were+done,一般将 来时被动用will be+done,现在完成时被动用have been+done,情态动词被动用情态动词+be+done. 易错点讲解 易错点一：时态助动词与过去分词搭配错误 讲解： 被动语态中，不同时态需搭配正确的助动词(am/is/are/was/were/will be/have been)+动词过去分 词，易混淆助动词形式或遗漏“be”动词。 例句： 正确：The letter is written by her..(一般现在时被动：is+written) 错误：The letter written by her.(缺少助动词is) 真题再现： 1.(2024全国版八年级期末)English一by many people around the world. A.speak B.speaks C.is spoken D.spoke 答案：C解析：主语English与动词speak为被动关系，用一般现在时被动语态“is+spoken”。 2.(2024全国版九年级月考)The bridge_last year. A.built B.was built C.will be built D.is built 答案：B解析：时间状语last year提示用一般过去时被动语态“was+built”。 易错点二：情态动词被动语态结构遗漏“be”动词 初中全国版 【寒假专版】 动词专项语法精讲 讲解： 情态动词(can/may/must/should等)被动语态结构为“情态动词+be+过去分词”，易遗漏“be” 动词直接加过去分词。 例句： 正确：This work must be finished today.(must+be+finished) 错误：This work must finished today.(遗漏be动词) 真题再现： 1.(2023全国版八年级期中)These rules.一by everyone in the school A.must follow B.must be followed C.followed D.are following 答案：B解析：情态动词must的被动语态需用“must+be+followed”。 2.(2023全国版九年级模拟)The problem一as soon as possible. A.should solve B.should be solved C.solves D.solved 答案：B解析：should的被动语态结构为“should+be+solved”,表示“问题应被尽快解决”。 易错点三：主动语态与被动语态主语混淆 讲解： 被动语态中，动作的承受者作主语，主动语态中动作的执行者作主语，易误将主动语态主语当作 被动语态主语。 例句： 主动：He cleaned the room.(主语He是动作执行者) 被动：The room was cleaned by him.(主语The room是动作承受者) 真题再现： 1.(2024全国版八年级月考)They grow rice in the south.（改为被动语态) in the south by them. 答案：Rice is grown解析：原句主语hey(执行者)改为被动语态时，动作承受者ice作主语， 用一般现在时被动“is grown”。 2.(2024全国版九年级期末)People use computers to search for information.(改为被动语态) Computers__to search for information by people. 答案：are used解析：原句宾语computers作被动语态主语，用一般现在时被动“are used”。 易错点四：现在完成时被动语态“have/has been”与“was/were”混淆 2 初中全国版 【寒假专版】 动词专项语法精讲 讲解： 现在完成时被动语态强调“过去动作对现在的影响”，结构为“have/has been+过去分词”；一般 过去时被动强调“过去某个时间发生的动作”，用“was/were+过去分词”，易混淆两者时间含义。 例句： 现在完成时被动：The homework has been done.(已完成，对现在有影响) 般过去时被动：The homework was done yesterday.(强调昨天完成的动作) 真题再现： 1.(2023全国版九年级期中)The project一by the team since last month A.was completed B.has been completed C.will be completed D.completes 答案：B解析：时间状语since last month提示用现在完成时被动语态“has been completed”。 2.(2023全国版八年级期末)The meeting一two hours ago A.has been held B.was held C.is held D.will be held 答案：B解析：时间状语two hours ago提示用一般过去时被动语态“was held”。 易错点综合演练 综合演练 I.单项选择（直击易错点） 1.The old house_in1990.(易错点一) A.built B.was built C.is built D.will be built 2.Your homework_before dinner.（易错点二) A.must finish B.must be finished C.finished D.are finishing 3.We planted many trees last year.(改为被动语态) by us last year.(易错点三) A.Trees were planted B.Many trees planted C.Trees are planted D.Many trees were planted 4.The classroom一since this morning.(易错点四) A.was cleaned B.has been cleaned C.is cleaned D.will be cleaned Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化易错点区分） 1.The letter一(write)by Tom yesterday..(易错点一) 2.This work一(must do)at once.(易错点二) 3 初中全国版 【寒假专版】 动词专项语法精讲 3.They bought a new car last month.(改为被动语态) A new car一_by them last month.（易错点三) 4.The problem_(solve)already.(易错点四) IⅡ.短文填空（综合运用四大易错点） 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。 Last week,our school held a sports meeting.Many students took part in different events.The 100-meter race 1.-(win)by Li Ming from Class Three.He ran very fast.A new playground 2.-(build)in our school last year.It 3.(visit)by many parents since then.All the students think it 4.-(must keep) clean every day. V,连词成句（聚焦易错句式） 1.by,this,written,was,book,who,(?)(易错点一) 2.be,homework,must,your,handed in,tomorrow,.()(易错点二) 3.the,boy,the,room,cleaned,yesterday,(改为被动语态)（易错点三） 4.for,hours,has,the,been,classroom,cleaned,two,()(易错点四) 参考答案 I单项选择 1B2.B3.A4.B Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 1.was written 2.must be done 3.was bought 4.has been solved II.短文填空 1.was won 2.was built 3.has been visited 4.must be kept V.连词成句 1.Who was this book written by? 2.Your homework must be handed in tomorrow. 3.The room was cleaned by the boy yesterday. 4.The classroom has been cleaned for two hours. 4