动词时态和被动语态复习-2025-2026学年九年级英语下册语法易错点精讲（沪外版）

初中沪外版 【寒假专版】 9年级语法精讲 寒假专版 动词时态和被动语态复习 寒假语法易错点精讲 学段：初中 教材：沪外版年级：9年级 语法认知 动词时态=表示动作或状态发生时间和方式的动词形式，在句中体现动作的过去、现在或将来等 时间概念。 被动语态=主语是动作承受者的语态，由“b动词+及物动词过去分词”构成，在句中强调动作 的承受者而非执行者。 易错点讲解 易错点一：一般过去时与现在完成时的混淆 讲解： “般过去时表示过去某个时间点发生的动作或状态，与现在无关联，常与具体时间状语（如 yesterday,in2020)连用：现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响或持续到现在的状态，常与 for/since/already/yet等连用。 例句： -He finished his homework an hour ago.（一般过去时，强调过去完成的动作) He has finished his homework,so he can go out now.(现在完成时，强调对现在的影响) 真题再现： 1.(2024上海浦东区期中，沪外版)一How1ong一you_this book? -For two weeks.I it from the library on January 1st. A.did;borrow;borrowed B.have;kept;borrowed C.have;borrowed;have borrowed D.did;keep;have kept 答案：B 解析：第一句有“for two weeks”,需用延续性动词的现在完成时“have kept'”;第二句有具体时间 1 初中沪外版 【寒假专版】 9年级语法精讲 “on January 1st”,用一般过去时“borrowed”。 2.(2023江苏苏州期末，沪外版)My father_in this factory for20 years,,andhe_here when he was 25. A.worked:comes B.has worked;came C.worked;came D.has worked;has come 答案：B 解析：第一句“for20 years”强调持续到现在的状态，用现在完成时“has worked”;第二句“when he was25”是过去时间点，用一般过去时“came”。 易错点二：被动语态中过去分词的遗漏或错误 讲解： 被动语态的基本结构为“be+过去分词”，需注意不同时态中be动词的变化（如 am/is/are/was/were/been),且必须使用动词的过去分词形式，不可用原形或现在分词。 例句： -The letter was written by Tom yesterday.(正确，过去分词written) -The letter was wrote by Tom yesterday..(错误，wrote是过去式而非过去分词) 真题再现： 1.(2024浙江杭州月考，沪外版)A new hospital in our city last year,and it_now. A.built;is being used B.was built;is using C.was built;is being used D.built;uses 答案：C 解析：第一句“last year”表过去，被动语态用“was built”:第二句“now”表现在进行时的被动， 用“is being used”。 2.(2023安微合肥期中，沪外版)—How clean the classroom is! -Yes,it every day by the students. A.cleans B.cleaned C.is cleaning D.is cleaned 答案：D 解析：教室是“被打扫”，被动语态结构为“is+过去分词cleaned”,符合“every day”的一般现 2 初中沪外版 【寒假专版】 9年级语法精讲 在时语境。 易错点三：主动表被动的动词误用被动语态 讲解： 部分动词（如look,sound,taste,smell,feel,sel,wash,write等）主动形式可表被动意义，尤其在描 述事物性质时，无需使用被动语态。 例句： -The cake tastes delicious.(正确，主动表被动，意为“尝起来”) -The cake is tasted delicious.(错误，taste无被动形式) 真题再现： 1.(2024湖北武汉期末，沪外版)This kind of cloth_well and_soft.Many people like it. A.sells;feels B.is sold;is felt C.sells;is felt D.is sold;feels 答案：A 解析：“sell well'”(畅销)和“feel soft”(摸起来柔软)均为主动表被动，无需使用被动语态。 2.(2023广东广州月考，沪外版)The song very beautiful.It by many young people. A.sounds;is sung B.is sounded,sings C.sounds;sings D.is sounded;is sung 答案：A 解析：第一句“sound”主动表被动，意为“听起来”；第二句“被演唱”需用被动语态“is sung”。 易错点四：过去进行时与一般过去时的时间混淆 讲解： 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作（常与at8o'clock yesterday等时间状语连用）， 般过去时表示过去发生的短暂性动作。两者同时出现时，长动作（过去进行时）是背景，短动作 (一般过去时)是插入事件。 例句： -I was reading a book when the phone rang last night..(rimg是插入的短动作) 3 初中沪外版 【寒假专版】 9年级语法精讲 真题再现： 1.(2024四川成都期中，沪外版)While my mother_dinner in the kitchen,I_my homework in the study. A.cooked;did B.was cooking;did C.cooked was doing D.was cooking;was doing 答案：D 解析：“while”连接两个同时进行的过去动作，均用过去进行时“was cooking”和“was doing”。 2.(2023山东青岛期末，沪外版)-What_you_at9:00 last Sunday morning?? -I to the radio A.did;do;listened B.were;doing;was listening C.do;do;am listening D.were;doing;listened 答案：B 解析：“at9:O0 last Sunday morning”是过去具体时刻，问句和答句均需用过去进行时“were doing” 和“was listening”。 易错点五：现在完成时与一般将来时的时间状语混用 讲解： 现在完成时不可与表示将来的时间状语（如tomorrow,.next week)连用，需根据语境选择正确时 态：一般将来时的被动语态结构为“willbe+过去分词”或“be going to be+过去分词”。 例句： -We will finish the project next month.(一般将来时，next month表将来) -We have finished the project already..(现在完成时，already表已完成) 真题再现： 1.(2024福建厦门期末，沪外版)一_the film一yet? 一No,it tomorrow. A.Has;shown;will be shown B.Was;shown;is shown C.Did;show;will show D.Has;been shown;is shown 答案：A 解析：第一句“yet”提示现在完成时的被动语态“Has been shown”;第二句“tomorrow”提示 般将来时的被动语态“will be shown”。 初中沪外版 【寒假专版】 9年级语法精讲 2.(2023湖南长沙月考，沪外版)Our school_a new library.It_to students next term A.builds;opens B.built;opened C.has built;will be opened D.is building;opens 答案：C 解析：第一句强调对现在的影响（已建成），用现在完成时“has built'”;第二句“next term”表将 来，被动语态用“will be opened”。 易错点综合演练 综合演练 I单项选择（直击易错点） 1.She in this school for 10 years,nd she here when she was22.（易错点一) A.worked;comes B.has worked;came C.worked;came D.has worked;has come 2.A new bridge_in our town last year,.and it_now.(易错点二) A.built;is being used B.was built;is using C.was built;is being used D.built;uses 3.This kind of fruit_sweet and_well in the market..(易错点三) A.tastes;sells B.is tasted is sold C.tastes;is sold D.is tasted;sells 4.While Tom_TV,his brother_his homework last night..(易错点四) A.watched;did B.was watching;did C.watched;was doing D.was watching;was doing Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化易错点区分） 1.My father_(work)in this factory since2005.(易错点一) 2.The letters_(write)by Lucy yesterday.（易错点二) 3.The silk dress_(feel)very soft.（易错点三) 4.I_(ead)a novel when the doorbell._(ring)just now.(易错点四) Ⅱ.短文填空（综合运用四大易错点） 用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文完整通顺： Last year,a new park_(build)in our neighborhood.Now it(visit)by many people every day.My family and I often go there.Last Sunday,while my mom_(take)photos,my dad(play)badminton with me.We-(be)there for two hours.The park-(look)beautiful in spring,and the flowers-(smell) sweet.We all love it! 初中沪外版 【寒假专版】 9年级语法精讲 V.连词成句（聚焦易错句式） l.for,he,has,this,book,two,had,weeks()(易错点一) 2.was,the,by,homework,done,Tom,yesterday()(易错点二) 3.wel,the,sells,.dictionary,very()(易错点三) 4.were,when,I,cooking,they,arrived,,dinner()（易错点四) 参考答案 I.单项选择 1B2.C3.A4D Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 I has worked 2.were written 3.feels 4.was reading;rang I短文填空 1.was built 2.is visited 3.was taking 4.was playing 5.have been 6.looks 7.smell V,连词成句 1.He has had this book for two weeks. 2.The homework was done by Tom yesterday. 3.The dictionary sells very well. 4.I was cooking dinner when they arrived. 6