UNIT 3 Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking(Ⅱ)-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册五维课堂教师用书word（人教版）

本讲义聚焦环保主题，系统梳理emission、melt等核心词汇，for decades、have an impact on等短语，以及There is little doubt that...等重点句式，通过词汇精讲（如starve的用法拓展）、句式精析构建从基础语言知识到语篇应用的学习支架。 该资料以全球变暖等生态议题为载体，融合语言能力（词汇句式练习）、思维品质（如阅读理解中鲨鱼网利弊分析）和文化意识（人类命运共同体）。课中即学即练助教师高效授课，课后语法填空、阅读填句等练习帮学生巩固知识，查漏补缺。

Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking(Ⅱ) [重点单词] 1．　emission　 n．排放物；排放 2．　melt　 vi.& vt.(使)融化；熔化；软化 3．　release　 vt.& n．排放；释放；发布 4．　fuel　 n．燃料；刺激性言行 5．　comprehensive　 adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的 6．　worldwide　 adv.遍及全球地　adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的 7．　trend　 n．趋势；趋向；动向 8．　broadcast　 vt.& vi.播送；广播；传播　n．广播节目；电视节目 9．　policy　 n．政策；方针；原则 10．　seize　 vt.抓住；夺取；控制 11．　starve　 vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死→　starvation　 n．/[U]/饥饿；饿死；挨饿 12．　ecology　 n．生态；生态学→　ecological　　adj.生态(学)的→　ecologically　 adv.从生态学的观点看→　ecologist　 n．生态学者 13．　habitable　 adj.适合居住的→　habitat　 n．栖息地 14．　sustain　 vt.维持；遭受；承受住→　sustainable　 adj.可持续的；合理利用的 15．　frequently　 adv.频繁地；经常→　frequent　频繁的→　frequency　 n．频率 16．　restrict　 vt.限制；限定；束缚→　restriction　 n．限制规定；限制法规；约束 [重点短语] 1．　for　 decades 几十年来 2．along 　with　和……一起 3．according 　to　根据……所说 4．　as　 before如以前 5．have an impact 　on　对……有影响 6．refer 　to　指的是；参考；查阅；谈判，提及 7．be trapped 　in　被困在…… 8．huge amounts 　of　大量；许多 9．result 　in　导致；造成 10．the opportunity 　to_do　 sth.做……的机会 [重点句式] 1．There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer. [句式精析]　There be 句型为完全倒装句。that引导同位语从句，解释doubt的内容。 试译：　毫无疑问，地球正在变得越来越暖。　 2．...the bear appeared to have starved and died. [句式精析]　to have starved and died为动词不定式短语，作为动词appeared的表语。 试译：　……这只熊似乎是饿死的。　 [词汇精讲] 1．(教材P26)．..the bear appeared to have starved and died. ……这只熊似乎是饿死的。 starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死；缺乏 ◆[佳句感知] The animals were left to starve to death.Who is to blame? 动物们被活活饿死了。这该怪谁呢？ Thanks to your food.I'm starving! 多亏了你的食物。我饿极了！ The department has been starved of substantial resources. 这个部门一直缺乏大量的资源。 [归纳拓展] starve to death饿死 be starving感觉很饿，饿极了 be starved of/for缺乏…… starvation n．饥饿；挨饿；饿死 die of/from starvation饿死 ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①Many people 　starved_to_death　(饿死)after the earthquake as a result of the delay of the supplies. [语法填空] ②They'll either die from the cold or starve 　to　 death. ③When will the dinner be ready？We 　are_starving　(starve)． ④The poor kid is just starved 　of/for　 attention. ⑤He looks forward to the day when no one will die of 　starvation　(starve)． 2．(教材P26)This alarming case showed how the increase in temperature had an impact on Earth's ecology. 这一令人震惊的案例表明，气温升高对地球生态产生了怎样的影响。 have an impact on对……有影响；对……造成影响 ◆[佳句感知] There is no proof that French had an impact on the Chinese language. 没有证据表明法语对汉语有影响。 Cancer stem cells have an impact on the outcome of disease. 癌症干细胞对疾病的结果有影响。 [归纳拓展]　“对……有影响”的其他表达 have an effect/influence on ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①Whatever you do will 　have_an_impact/effect/influence_on　(对……有影响)society，so behave well. [语法填空] ②Questions that lead them into emotional states will also have an impact 　on　 their responses. ③What the pregnant mother eats will have 　an　 impact on the baby's development. 3．(教材P26)The“natural”greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere... “自然”温室效应指的是来自太阳的热量进入大气层…… refer to指的是；提到；谈到；参考；查阅 [佳句感知] People who are likely to succeed refer to those who are ambitious. 可能成功的人是指那些有抱负的人。 The child referred to the colorful ribbon as rainbow. 那个孩子把彩带称为彩虹。 Please refer to a dictionary to check the spelling. 请查一下词典看看拼写是否正确。 [归纳拓展]　refer to...as...把……称为 refer...to...把……送交给……(以求获得帮助等) reference n．提及，涉及；查阅，参考；推荐信 in/with reference to关于 for future reference供日后参考 ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①The headmaster spoke at the meeting for nearly an hour without 　referring_to　(参考)his notes. ②I promise not 　to_refer_to　(提到)this matter again. ③I have nothing to say 　in/with_reference_to　(关于)the agreement. ④English 　is_referred_to_as　(被称为)a universal language. [语法填空] ⑤We always refer to Ben 　as　“a nice boy”． ⑥While giving the English speech，one is not allowed to refer 　to　 the notes. ⑦You'd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future 　reference　(refer)． 4．(教材P27)The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths. 热量以更长的波长释放回太空。 release vt.排放；释放；发布；上映；发行　n．排放；释放；发行；发布 ◆[佳句感知] After the trainer was sure that the whale could look after itself，he released it into the sea.训练员确信那条鲸鱼可以照顾自己后，他把它放入大海。 The factory keeps releasing smoke，making the air dirty. 这座工厂不停地排放烟雾，污染了空气。 How do you find the movie A Cool Fish released recently? 你觉得最近上映的电影《无名之辈》怎么样？ The software is planned for release in April. 该软件计划于四月份发行。 [归纳拓展]　release sb.from...从……释放某人 ◆[即学即练] [语法填空] ①In recent years，a number of Hollywood producers 　have_released　(release)film posters for Chinese audiences，showing their attention to the country's film market and culture. ②　Released　(release)on 5 February,2019，The Wandering Earth soon became a great hit. ③The bird 　was_released　(release)from the cage last week. ④Beijing ranked first in terms of the amount of resident's reading among all cities in China this year，as was announced in data 　released　(release)on Thursday. 5．(教材P27)When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels，more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth's surface temperature to rise quickly. 当人们通过燃烧化石燃料产生大量额外的温室气体时，更多的热能被困在大气中，进而导致地球表面温度迅速上升。 trap vt.(trapped，trapped)困住；使陷入困境；储存，留存(气、水等)；使陷入圈套　n．夹子；陷阱；困境 ◆[佳句感知] I was trapped inside an elevator during the blackout. 停电时，我被困在一部电梯里。 These sea animals get trapped in fishing nets and are harmed by other human activities as well. 这些海洋动物被困在渔网里，同时还受到了其他人类活动的伤害。 Set a trap over that mouse hole. 在那个老鼠洞上面放一个夹子。 [归纳拓展]　be/get trapped(in/on...)被困(于/在……) trap sb.into(doing)sth骗某人做某事 ◆[即学即练] [语法填空] ①Because of the greenhouse effect the Earth is warmed by gases 　trapped　(trap)in the atmosphere. ②These incidents led some scientists to develop ways to keep the costly robots from 　being_trapped　(trap)in the sand. ③There is plenty of water 　trapped　(trap)in the form of ice on the large continent. ④Think carefully before you answer questions online.You may 　be_trapped　(trap)into giving away very important personal information. 6．(教材P27)There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide，not only causing serious damage，but also costing human lives. 有充分且全面的证据表明，气温上升已导致世界范围内极端天气和自然灾害的增加，不仅造成严重的破坏，还使人类付出生命代价。 lead to引起；导致 ◆[佳句感知] We should not ignore small mistakes，or they might lead to big accidents. 我们不应忽略小错误，否则小错误可能会导致大事故。 [归纳拓展]　lead的用法 ①vi.& vt.(led，led)领路；领导；带领；导致，造成vt.过(某种生活) lead the way领路；处于领先地位 lead a(n)．..life过着一种……生活 lead sb.to do sth.引导/导致/造成某人做某事 n．[单数]领先地位；榜样 take the lead带头 follow the lead 效仿 leader n．领袖；领导人 leadership n．[U]领导地位；领导才能 leading adj.最重要的；领先的；一流的 ◆[即学即练] [语法填空] ①With him 　leading_the_way　(带路)，we got there without difficulty.But for him，we would have been lost，which would 　lead_to　(导致)serious consequences.His action 　lead_us_to_believe　(使我们相信)that he was our true friend. ②It is our belief that improvements in health care will lead 　to　 a stronger，more prosperous economy. ③I want to know what led you 　to_take　(take)up acting as a career. ④Look over there！There is a long winding path 　leading　(lead)up to the house. ⑤Experts have found that the disease 　will_lead　(lead)to a great increase in the number of sufferers unless treated seriously when the symptom first appears. 7．(教材P27)In fact，news reports are frequently broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing deaths and economic losses. 事实上，新闻报道经常报道导致死亡和造成经济损失的极端暴雨和热浪。 frequently adv.频繁地；经常 ◆[佳句感知] Who do they communicate with most frequently? 他们最常与谁交流呢？ This question is frequently asked. 这个问题屡次被提出。 [归纳拓展]　frequent adj.频繁的 频率依次递减的词汇always＞usually＞frequently＞often＞sometimes＞occasionally＞rarely＞seldom＞hardly＞ever＞never 从rarely直到never为否定词位于句首时注意倒装语序。 He always goes to school at 8 o'clock every day. 他每天总是8点钟去上学。 He usually goes to school by bus. 他通常乘公共汽车去上学。 ◆[即学即练] [翻译句子] ①他总是为自己流利的英语口语感到骄傲。 　He_is_always_proud_of_his_fluent_spoken_English.　 ②他永远不会忘记和母亲在中国生活的这段日子。 　He_will_never_forget_these_days_when_he_lived_in_China_with_his_mother.　 [语法填空] ③No matter how 　frequently　(frequent)performed，the works of Beethoven always attract a large number of people. ④Safety in school has been of great concern because of the 　frequent　(frequently)reports that students got injured or killed while in school. ⑤It is said that sandstorms will become 　more_frequent　(frequent)than before as a result of global warming. ⑥Never 　has　 the girl made a mistake in her math homework. 8．(教材P27)Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long­lasting changes to the global climate. 持续的温室气体排放将导致全球气候进一步变暖和长期变化。 result in 导致；造成 ◆[佳句感知] Food allergies can result in an enormous variety of different symptoms. 食物过敏会引发很多不同的症状。 [归纳拓展]　result vi.发生；产生 n．结果；后果；比分，成绩；成功实现的事；成果 result from因……发生 as a result结果 as a result of 作为……的结果，由于 The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results.狼的消失有许多意想不到的结果。 Many hair problems result from what you eat. 许多头发问题都源于你吃的东西。 Alice overslept this morning.As a result，she was late for work. 艾丽斯今天早上睡过头，结果上班迟到了。 Father was late for work as a result of the traffic jam，and as a result，the boss blamed him for it. 由于交通堵塞，父亲上班迟到了，结果老板为此责备了他。 ◆[即学即练] 完成句子(用result的短语) ①Pollution and other serious problems have 　resulted_from　 human progress. ②About 21 million people died during the 1990s 　as_a_result_of　 smoking. ③I learnt that shouting and threats of punishment would 　result_in　 a disaster. ④Tom got up late；　as_a_result　，he missed the last train to New York. [语法填空] ⑤We are still dealing with problems 　resulting　 from errors made in the past. ⑥If you believe in yourself and work hard，you can achieve great 　results　(result)． 9．(教材P27)Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. 各国政府需要考虑制定政策，并采取适当的行动和措施来减少温室气体排放。 consider v．认为，觉得；考虑；顾及 ◆[佳句感知] For some students and their parents，high school sport is considered more important than academic achievements. 对一些学生和他们的父母来说，高中阶段体育运动比学术成就更重要。 [归纳拓展]　consider doing sth.考虑做某事 consider...(as/to be)．..认为……是…… consideration n．考虑；体谅；报酬 in consideration of 作为……的报酬 take...into consideration考虑到；顾及 considering prep.& conj.考虑到，鉴于 considerate adj.体谅的；体贴的；考虑周到的 As early as 1966，biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park.早在1966年，生物学家就要求政府考虑重新把狼群引进黄石公园。 I consider sports activities such as jogging and weightlifting as unnatural. 我认为像慢跑、举重这样的体育运动不符合自然规律。 I always take fuel consumption into consideration when buying a car. 我买汽车时总要把油耗考虑在内。 Considering the strength of the opposition，we did very well to score two goals. 考虑到对方实力强大，我们能攻进两球已经很不错了。 She is always polite and considerate towards her employees. 她对待雇员总是客客气气，关心体谅。 ◆[即学即练] [语法填空] ①We considered him 　to_be　(be)our friend. ②I'm considering 　changing　(change)my job. ③John never showed any 　consideration　(consider)for his mother's feelings. ④　Considering　(consider)the temperature might drop，it's wise of you to prepare some coal in advance. ⑤It was 　considerate　(consider)of you to let us know you were going to be late. ⑥As had been expected，Smith wasn't appointed chairman of the committee，　considering　(consider)not very popular with its members. 10．(教材P27)It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming，along with its causes and impacts，because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet. 我们有责任抓住每一个机会，让每个人了解全球变暖及其原因和影响，因为这是影响我们这个星球上所有人的最严重的问题。 seize vt.抓住，捉住；夺取；攻占；占领；控制；侵袭 ◆[佳句感知] They seized the golden opportunity to go abroad. 他们抓住了这次出国的绝好机会。 The child was seized with fear. 这小孩恐惧万分。 [归纳拓展]　seize sth.from sb.突然从某人那抢夺某物 seize a chance/an opportunity抓住机会/时机 seize power夺取政权 be seized with/by被(某种情绪)侵扰/占据 seize sb.by the arm抓住某人的手臂 ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①昨晚的猛攻后敌人占领了这个城镇。 The enemy 　seized_the_town　 after last night's violent attack. ②他抓住了那次出席会议的机会。 He 　seized_the_chance/opportunity_of　 attending the meeting. ③他刚刚突然抓住我的胳膊。 He 　seized_me_by_the_arm　 suddenly just now. ④看到那一可怕的场景，我突然感到恐惧。 Seeing the terrible scene，I 　was_suddenly_seized_with/by　 horror. ⑤他在那次军事政变中夺取了政权。 He 　seized_power　 in that military coup. [句式精析] 1．(教材P26)There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer... 几乎没有疑问，地球正变得越来越温暖…… ◆[句式分析] 关于doubt的常用句型 There is no doubt(that)．..毫无疑问…… No doubt...毫无疑问…… There is some doubt about/whether.对……/是否……有一些疑问 ◆[佳句感知] There is no doubt that you can get along well with them.毫无疑问，你会和他们相处得很好。 No doubt the meeting's success turned one of the hottest topics during the round­table talks on the day.毫无疑问，会议的成功成了当天圆桌会谈上最热门的话题之一。 There is some doubt whether John will come on time.约翰是否会按时来还很难说。 ◆[即学即练] [翻译句子] ①毫无疑问，总有一天会找到治疗办法的。 　There_is_no_doubt/No_doubt_one_day_a_cure_will_be_found.　 ②人们怀疑是否有一天人类将被机器人取代。 　There_is_some_doubt_whether_humans_will_be_replaced_by_robots_one_day.　 2．(教材P27)There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives. 有充分且全面的证据表明，气温上升已导致世界范围内极端天气和自然灾害的增加，不仅造成严重的破坏，还使人类付出生命代价。 ◆[句式分析] 　extreme_weather_and_natural_disasters_worldwide，　 　human_lives.　 ◆[佳句感知] not only...but also... 的用法 not only...but also...意为“不但……而且……”， 注意以下用法： ①主要用于连接两个并列的成分；若连接并列主语，谓语动词与邻近的主语一致，即遵循“就近原则”。 She likes not only music but also sport. 她不但喜欢音乐而且喜欢运动。(连接并列宾语) The place was not only cold，but also damp. 那个地方不但很冷而且很潮湿。(连接并列表语) Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.不仅学生们在欣赏这部影片，他们的老师也在欣赏这部影片。(连接并列主语，谓语动词的使用遵循“就近原则”) ②not only...but also...中的also位置灵活，通常可以省略，或换成too，as well，但要置于句末；有时but和also均省略。 He not only washed the car，but polished it too/as well.他不仅冲洗了汽车，而且还擦试了它。 She not only entered the competition，she actually won it！她不但参加了竞赛，而且获胜了！ [温馨提示] 为了强调，可将not only置于句首，此时其所在的分句通常要用部分倒装的形式。 Not only can a beautiful smile make ourselves happy，but also it enables others to feel delighted. 一个灿烂的笑容不仅能使我们自己高兴，而且能使他人感到愉快。 ◆[即学即练] [翻译句子] ①(课标全国Ⅲ卷)I have grown not only physically，but also mentally in the past few year. 　在过去的几年里，无论是身体上还是精神上我都成长了。　 ②Not only is his right lung affected，but his left lung is as well. 　他不仅右肺被感染，左肺也感染了。　 [语法填空] ③Not only I but also my sister 　enjoys　(enjoy)the journey very much although it rains unexpectedly. ④He not only 　helped　(help)his own family but also held out a helping hand to many other men less fortunate than himself. ⑤Not only the people of our nation，　but　 all the people of the world have profited from his work. ⑥Not only 　do　 they need clothing，but they are also short of water. Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．The explosive mixture in a rocket consists of both a 　fuel　(燃料)and a supply of oxygen. 2．Development has been guided by a concern for the　ecology　(生态) of the area. 3．Before 　release　(释放), the sea lions are fitted with electronic tracking devices. 4．Plants absorb 　carbon　(碳) dioxide from the air and moisture from the soil. 5．The problem at present is how to get enough food to 　sustain　(维持) life. 6．The first 　broadcast　(广播) of VOA Special English was on October 19, 1959. 7．The living conditions there severely 　restricted　(限制)the children's freedom to play. 8．They believe that the European Community needs a common foreign and security 　policy　(政策)． Ⅱ.完成句子 1．At present, cycling，　along_with　(和……一起)jogging and swimming, is regarded as one of the best all round forms of exercise. 2．Miss Jackson believes her experiment could have an 　impact_on　(对……有影响) the environment. 3．When John meets with difficulties, he usually chooses to 　refer_to　(参考) relevant learning materials. 4．The planets' strong force of gravity holds 　huge_amounts_of　(大量的) hydrogen and helium gas. 5．As far as I'm concerned, concentration on your studies will 　result_in　(导致) good grades. 6．The country is trying to 　take_measures　 　to　(采取措施来) prevent and control pollution. 7．Government will need to 　make_policies　(制定政策)to encourage private companies. 8．If I were you, I should 　seize_the　 　opportunity　(抓住这次机遇)to improve myself. Ⅲ.语法填空 1．They have sent some books to the countryside because children there are starving 　for　 knowledge. 2．Many factories pour untreated water into rivers directly, and release poisonous gas 　into　 the air, which causes acid rain. 3．The new teacher found it difficult 　to_sustain　(sustain)the children's interest in class. 4．The concert will 　be_broadcast/broadcasted　(broadcast) live tomorrow evening. 5．He is self­employed because he finds working for other people too 　restrictive　(restrict)． 6．Higher­income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more 　frequently　(frequent), and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. 7．The students were doing a 　comprehensive　(comprehension) review of the term's work. 8．　Sustainable　(sustain) development of society and environment is closely related to human culture. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Shark nets in place across Australia, specifically in New South Wales (NSW) and Queensland, to protect tourists should be dropped as they have caused more harm than good, a study has found. The measures were carried out by some governments, including nets and traditional drum lines, and provided tourists with a false sense of safety. The study found the effectiveness of nets was difficult to evaluate, while the significant damage they cause to other marine wildlife was clear.Researches desire for non­deadly shark control measures such as eco barriers, which physically separate swimmers from sharks, sonar (声呐) technology, and various shark­spotting techniques. Researchers said while the risk of coming across a shark was rare, any shark­related deaths and injuries caught huge public and media attention. One of the arguments in support of using shark nets is that just one shark­related death has been reported in Queensland since the 1960s. Similarly, since the 1930s, NSW has had only one shark­related death. But there have been at least 13 people killed by sharks at beaches without nets on the NSW north coast over the past two years. The Human Society International's head of campaigns，Nicola Beynon, said the government needed to move away from outdated methods. “Deadly shark nets and drum lines are more than 50 years behind scientific and animal welfare standards for dealing with marine wildlife，”said Beynon. The NSW Greens' marine spokesman, Justin Field，said，“People are 100 times more likely to drown at the beach than to be killed by a shark in Australia. Therefore, millions of dollars going into the shark net program should be directed to observation towers for our lifeguards and improving the beach devices.” 1．Which of the following do researchers focus on? A．Beachgoers' safety. B．The shark­related death rate. C．Friendly shark control ways. D．Advanced shark­spotting techniques. 2．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Shark­related deaths. B．Measures to protect sharks. C．Reasons of using shark nets. D．Dangers for tourists. 3．What do Nicola Beynon and Justin Field have in common? A．Science is developing too fast. B．Observation towers need rebuilding. C．Many people drown every year. D．No shark nets are to be used. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Are shark nets necessary? B．A new study on sea animals C．Shark net programs D．Effective ways of avoiding sharks [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。为了防止鲨鱼对人类的攻击，一直以来澳大利亚的海岸线都设置鲨鱼网，但是研究发现该做法弊大于利。 1．C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Researches desire for non­deadly shark control measures such as eco barriers...”可知，研究者呼吁能保证鲨鱼安全的控制措施。] 2．C　[推理判断题。从第四段提到的与鲨鱼有关的死亡数字来看，本段主要介绍的是支持在海滩上设置鲨鱼网的理由。故选C项。] 3．D　[推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，Nicola认为防鲨网落后于科技；Justin认为防鲨网的费用可用来建观察塔。由此可知，两人的共同之处是不建议再使用防鲨网。] 4．A　[主旨大意题。本文主要讲了研究发现海滩上设置的鲨鱼隔离网并不能达到预期的目的，反而弊大于利。故A项符合主旨。] B (2022·山东新泰一中高二月考)Recently a team of scientists produced a report about global warming and the natural world. They wanted to find out if global warming was dangerous for plants and animals. The scientists were surprised by what they found. They saw that during the next 50 years about 25% of land animals and plants will disappear from the earth.More than 1 million plant and animal species will die out by 2050. The head of the research team, Christ Thomas, who is a professor of conservation biology at Leeds University，said the results of their research were frightening. More than 10% of all plants and animals will disappear from the earth.It is too late to save many plants and animals because of the greenhouse gases that are already in the atmosphere. But the scientists say if we control greenhouse gases now, we can save many more plants and animals from disappearing. The scientists studied some areas of the world with very rich biology. These areas were Europe, Australia, Central and South America, and South Africa. Their studies showed that species living in mountainous areas had a better chance of survival because they could move uphill to get cooler. In flat areas, such as deserts, plants and animals would have to move very long distances to get cooler, so they were in great danger of dying out. The scientists found many surprising things. For example, they found that half of the 24 species of butterflies they studied in Australia would soon disappear. 5．To many plants and animals, what can global warming be best described as? A．Deadly.　　　　　　B．Surprising. C．Disappointing. D．Frightening. 6．What's the purpose of the research led by Christ Thomas? A．To protect animals and plants from global warming. B．To call on people to control greenhouse gases. C．To study the effect of global warming on animals and plants. D．To warn us of the dying out of many animals and plants. 7．What can we learn from the passage? A．About 25% of land animals and plants have disappeared from the earth. B．In about three decades more than 1 million plant and animal species will die out. C．We can do nothing to save the plants and animals. D．Wildlife in flat areas can't find enough food. 8．Which can be the best title for this passage? A．Extinct animals in the world B．Disappearance of butterflies C．The impact of global warming on plants and animals D．A frightening discovery concerning global warming [语篇解读]　近来一个科学团队的研究表明：在不久的将来，温室气体量的增加对动植物物种可能会有毁灭性的影响。由于全球变暖，动植物的生存空间发生改变，其数量和种类也在不断减少。作者试图通过分析现状唤醒人们的环保意识。 5．A　[推理判断题。根据文章大意可知，全球变暖带来的是动植物物种的不断减少，这种影响对动植物来说是致命的。] 6．C　[细节理解题。由文章第一段第二句“They wanted to find out if global warming was dangerous for plants and animals.”可知这项研究的目的，是研究全球变暖对动植物的影响。] 7．B　[细节理解题。通过第一段可知，在未来的50年里，将有大约25%的陆地动植物灭绝，A项时态有误；B项表述正确，in about three decades即大约30年后，即2050年左右；C项错在we can do nothing上；D项文章并未提及。] 8．C　[标题归纳题。纵观整篇文章可知，作者向人们展示了全球变暖对动植物物种的灭绝性危害。C项能形象地概括整篇内容。] Ⅱ.阅读填句 For most Americans, plastic bags are a necessary part of any shopping trip.　__1__　But plastic bags that end up in oceans and on beaches are harmful to fish, birds and other wildlife. Several cities around the U．S. have either banned single­use plastic bags, taxed them, or found other ways to limit their use. Those who support a bag tax say it encourages people to bring reusable bags.　__2__　But critics argue that taxing the use of plastic bags puts unfair stress on low­income families. Here two students share their views. Grant Gordinier, 11, from San Diego, California, says，“　__3__　Every year, 485 billion plastic bags are not recycled.Some end up in the ocean and can cause harm to sea life. Placing a small tax on plastic bags might encourage shoppers to bring their own reusable bags to stores. Reusable bags would cut down on waste in the environment. Businesses would also save money by not having to provide as many plastic bags to customers.” However, Elle Belperio,12, from Los Angeles, California, has different opinions.“　__4__　Some grocery stores have bins for shoppers to recycle used bags. Other stores reward individual efforts. They give a small refund (退款) every time a shopper uses his or her own bag. If you reuse and recycle your plastic bag properly, you will not be hurting the environment. I know many families reuse them to pick up after their dogs.　__5__　Instead, the government should educate people in ways to reuse and recycle them.” A．New York City will also ban plastic bags. B．There are many ways to reuse plastic bags. C．In my home, we find many uses for the bags. D．Besides, they think it helps cut down on waste. E．Communities should limit the use of plastic bags. F．I don't think communities should tax plastic bags. G．Many people seldom think of the bags' influence on the environment. [语篇解读]　社区应该通过征税来限制塑料袋的使用吗？两名学生给出了他们的观点。 1．G　[由该空后的“But plastic bags...are harmful to fish，birds and other wildlife.”可知，G项“很多人很少会想到塑料袋对于环境的影响”符合此处语境。] 2．D　[由语境可知，此处承接上句阐述对塑料袋征税的另一个好处，故选D项。] 3．E　[由本段的描述可知，Grant Gordinier支持对塑料袋征税，故E项内容“社区应该限制塑料袋的使用”符合此处语境。] 4．B　[由该空前的“has different opinions”以及该空后的“Some grocery stores have bins...Other stores reward individual efforts.”可知，Elle Belperio持不同的观点，他认为有很多方法可以重复使用塑料袋。] 5．F　[由该段的描述和该空后的“Instead，the government should educate people in ways to reuse and recycle them.”可知，Elle Belperio不支持对塑料袋征税。] Ⅲ.语法填空 The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°， there is evidence 1.　________　they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 2.　________　(poor)studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000—25,000 polar bears worldwide. Modern methods 3.　__________　tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid­1980s, and are expensive 4.　________　(perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 5.　________　(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 6.　________　(believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 7.　________　(note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are 8.　________　(high) than they actually are. Of 9.　________　nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations，three are declining, six 10.　________　(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由于居住范围广、监测设施费用高等原因，北极熊的数量难以准确估算，生物学家们对此持谨慎乐观的态度。 1．that　[考查连词。该空前后均为句子，且空格后面的句子是对空格前名词evidence内容的解释说明，由此判断该空为同位语从句的引导词，表陈述语气，故填that。] 2．poorly　[考查副词。该空前后为谓语成分has been studied, 应用副词修饰谓语动词，故填poorly。] 3．of/for　[考查介词。该空前为名词methods，空格后为动名词 tracking，应填介词。可用of表所属关系，也可填介词for。] 4．to perform　[考查非谓语动词。该空所在分句已有谓语动词are，应填动词的非谓语形式。根据be＋adj.＋to do结构可知应填to perform。] 5．have reported　[考查时态和语态。本句时间状语为In recent years，是现在完成时的标志，谓语时态为现在完成时；根据语境，主语Inuit people与report之间为主动关系；people为复数，综上可知填have reported。] 6．belief　[考查名词。该空前有冠词a，应填名词，believe的名词形式为belief。] 7．noting　[考查非谓语动词。该空前为介词by，应填动名词doing形式，且Scientists与note之间为主动关系，故填noting。] 8．higher　[考查形容词比较级。该空后有than，应填形容词比较级形式，故填higher。] 9．the　[考查冠词。该空后为名词成分，根据语境及空格前的of可知存在限定范围，故填the。] 10．are　[考查时态和语态。根据并列谓语动词的时态和语态一致原则可知，此处应用一般现在时的主动语态，故填are。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $