UNIT 12 SECTION Ⅲ GRAMMAR-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册五维课堂教师用书word（北师大版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语形容词用法这一核心知识点，通过语境美文引入，梳理形容词修饰名词的性质、状态等功能，系统讲解性质形容词（有级变化、可被程度副词修饰）与类别形容词（无级变化、部分仅作定语）的区别，再结合排序规则（限描大形龄颜籍物类口诀）及合成形容词构成，形成“引入-分类-规则-应用”的学习支架。 该资料以语境化设计提升语言能力，如“clever black dog”实例直观呈现排序规律，合成形容词“one-meter-long”结合连字符构成规则培养思维品质。分层练习（基础性短语、应用性句子、综合性阅读完形）助力学习能力发展，课中辅助教师系统授课，课后学生可通过实例巩固与综合训练查漏补缺，实现语法知识向语用能力转化。

SECTION Ⅲ　GRAMMAR GRAMMAR 2——形容词 语境美文 语法感悟 　　Mr. Smith has a 1.clever black dog.Every day，the dog would goes to the 2.nearby store to buy some 3.fresh food，and never makes any mistake.The dog is 4.famous in the town. 5．Curious about the dog, I went to the 6.stone­built house.There was a 7.little wooden door for the dog to walk in and out.Just then，the dog came back with a basket 8.full of vegetables，and barked.The owner opened the door and came out with a 9.one­meter­long stick.He beat the dog.I asked him why he did so.His answer was 10.surprising：“He forgot to take the key this time.”The dog was 11.clever than we had thought. (1)形容词用来修饰名词，表示性质、状态、属性和特征。 (2)形容词具有限定和描写作用。 (3)从美文中可以看出： ①1、2、3、6、7、8和9作定语。 ②4、10和11作表语。 ③5作状语。 用来修饰名词和部分代词，表示人或物的性质、状态、属性与特征的一类词，叫作形容词。具有限定和描写作用。主要作定语和表语。形容词根据其含义、用法可分成2大类：性质形容词和类别形容词。表示事物的性质或特征的形容词为性质形容词。表示类别的形容词为类别形容词。 一、性质形容词的用法 1．性质形容词有级的变化，能用程度副词修饰，在句子里充当定语(最多)、表语、宾语补足语、状语(很少)。 ◆[语境感悟] Our teacher is taller than we are. 我们老师的个子比我们的高。 It is warmer today than it was yesterday. 今天的天气比昨天暖和。 Practice proves that this idea is completely correct. 实践证明，这个方法是完全正确的。 2．类别形容词的用法 类别形容词常没有级的变化，也不用程度副词修饰。有些类别形容词只能作定语，不能作表语，另有一些作定语和表语都可以。 Tokyo and New York are major financial centres. 东京和纽约是主要的金融中心。 Two of the candidates must be female. 候选人中必须有两名是女性。 ◆[即学活用1]——完成句子 ①This coat is 　as cheap as　 that one. 这件衣服同那件衣服一样便宜。 ②The sun is 　much bigger than　 the moon. 太阳比月亮大得多。 ③Tom is 　the tallest boy　 in his basketball team. 汤姆是他们篮球队中个子最高的孩子。 二、形容词的排序 1．限：限定词。the，my，a，this ... 2．描：描绘性形容词。brave，beautiful，lovely，nice ... 3．大：大小、高低、长短等形容词。big，large，small ... 4．形：形状。round，square ... 5．龄：年龄大小、新旧、年代等。young，old，new ... 6．颜：颜色。red，blue，green ... 7．籍：国籍、地区、出处。Chinese，America，Japanese ... 8．物：物质材料的形容词。golden，wooden，wax ... 9．类：表示类别、用途。medical，chemical，writing ... [名师点津]　形容词的排序口诀： 大哥限描大，二哥形龄颜，小弟籍物类，同站名词前。 ●[语境感悟] a pretty little square old black Japanese wooden writing desk 一个旧的很漂亮的黑色的日式的方形木制小写字桌 ◆[即学活用2]——完成句子/完成短语 ①They've torn down 　wooden fences　 and broken branches off trees. 他们拆掉了木栅栏，并砍去了一些树枝。 ②You could tell 　she was foreign　 by the way she dressed. 从她的穿着就可以看出她是外国人。 ③　some green eating　 apples 一些绿色食用苹果 ④　a young black German　 dog 一只黑色的德国小狗 ⑤　the boy's nice little red　 toy 这个小男孩的漂亮的红色小玩具 三、合成形容词 1．定义 合成形容词由连字符把两个或两个以上的词连接起来，用作定语。 ◆[语境感悟] a south­facing window 一扇朝南的窗户 a dried­up river 一条干涸的河 a twelve­year­old girl 一个十二岁的女孩 2．构成 合成形容词的构成： ①数词＋名词(＋形容词) ②形容词＋名词­ed ③形容词＋分词(包括现在分词和过去分词) ④副词＋分词(包括现在分词和过去分词) ⑤名词＋分词(包括现在分词和过去分词) ⑥名词＋形容词 ⑦形容词＋名词 ⑧形容词＋形容词 ◆[语境感悟] a five­year­old boy 一个五岁的男孩 a white­haired girl 一个白头发的女孩 clean­washed clothes 洗干净了的衣服 hard­working people 勤劳的人们 a man­made satellite 一颗人造卫星 war­weary soldiers 厌战的士兵 a full­time job 专职工作 a grey­green car 一辆灰绿色的小汽车 ◆[即学活用3]——完成短语 ①a 　four­hour　 trip 一次四小时的旅行 ②a 　warm­hearted　 woman 一个热心肠的妇女 ③an 　ordinary­looking　 man 一个相貌平常的男人 ④　bravely­fighting　 soldiers 勇敢战斗的战士 ⑤　peace­loving　 people 热爱和平的人们 ⑥a 　second­hand　 material 一份二手材料 [基础性] Ⅰ.完成短语 1．　a_small_Swiss　 watch一块瑞士小手表 2．　a_large_square　 table一张大方桌 3．　his_new_Japanese_timing　 device 他的新的日本计时装置 4．　a_beautiful_short_new_red_Chinese_woollen　 coat 一件漂亮的新的中式短装红羊毛外套 5．　two_middle­aged　 men两个中年男人 6．　an_easy­going　 man一个随和的人 7．　an_800­metre­long　 bridge一座八百米长的桥 8．　a_man­eating　 animal一种吃人的动物 [应用性] Ⅱ.完成句子 1．I bought 　a_beautiful_wooden_desk　 yesterday. 我昨天买了一张漂亮的木质书桌。 2．This meeting is 　less_important_than_that_one　. 这次会议不如那次会议重要。 3．They'll 　make_you_comfortable　 on the plane. 他们会使你在飞机上舒舒服服的。 4．This is 　the_biggest_apple_I_have_ever_met　. 这是我见到的最大的苹果。 5．Have you ever seen 　a_one­armed_man　 who is working here? 你见过在这里工作的独臂男人吗？ [综合性] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A China is recognized as a world leader in the development of artificial intelligence and facial recognition systems.A Beijing­based tech company, Hanwang Technology Co.，Ltd, says it has created a new facial recognition system that can identify people even if they are wearing masks.Engineers at the company say their system is the first to be created to effectively identify people wearing face masks. The company told a news agency that a team of 20 people built the system in about a month.The system is based on existing technologies developed over the past 10 years.The process involved adding a collection of about 6 million unmasked faces and a much smaller collection of masked faces, the company said. The company is now selling two main kinds of products that use the new technology.One performs “single channel” recognition, which is designed to be used at the entrances to buildings.The other product is a “multi­channel” recognition system that uses groups of surveillance(监视) cameras.It can identify individuals in a crowd of up to 30 people within a second. “When people are wearing a mask that covers the mouth and nose, the recognition rate can reach about 95%, which can ensure that most people can be identified，” said Huang, vice president of the company. He added that the system's success rate for people not wearing a mask is about 99.5%. However, the new system struggles to identify people wearing both masks and sunglasses.“In this situation, all of the key facial information is lost.In such cases recognition is tough，” Huang said. People were reacting differently to the new technology.While some citizens have been against using such tools, the majority have accepted the technology as an effective way to decrease crime and catch criminals. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种新的面部识别系统，即使人们戴着口罩也能进行识别。 1．What did the company do to build the system? A．They gathered many face images. B．They employed hundreds of people. C．They spent about a decade building it. D．They merely used the latest technology. 解析：A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The process involved adding a collection of about 6 million unmasked faces and a much smaller collection of masked faces，the company said.”可知，该公司通过收集很多人脸图像来帮助建立该系统。故选A。] 2．According to the text which of the following can be true? A．The new system has already been used by the police. B．The recognition rate of masked faces is about 99.5%. C．The single channel produce can be used at the entrances. D．It isn't hard to recognize people with both masks and glasses. 解析：C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“One performs ‘single channel’recognition，which is designed to be used at the entrances to buildings.”可知，单通道产品可以被运用在建筑物的入口处。故选C。] 3．What is the author's attitude towards the new technology? A．Critical.　　　　　　　　 B．Objective. C．Skeptical. D．Optimistic. 解析：B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“While some citizens have been against using such tools，the majority have accepted the technology as an effective way to decrease crime and catch criminals.”以及文章其他内容可知，作者对该系统并没有发表自己的观点，而是以客观的口吻介绍了该面部识别系统，所以作者的态度是客观的。故选B。] 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Artificial Intelligence and Facial Recognition B．China－the First to Create Facial Recognition C．An Effective Way to Decrease Crime and Catch Criminals D．A New Recognition System to Identify People with Masks 解析：D　[主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Engineers at the company say their system is the first to be created to effectively identify people wearing face masks.”以及文章其他内容可知，本文主要介绍了一种新的面部识别系统，即使人们戴着口罩也能进行面部识别。所以D项“一种新的用于识别戴口罩的人的识别系统”作为文章的标题最佳。故选D。] B Having a microchip implanted in a man's brain may be common in sci­fi movie plots，but it may soon become an actual possibility. Elon Musk—a US tech mogul (大亨)，founder of SpaceX and co­founder of electric car maker Tesla—has been working on this technology.On Aug 28, Musk gave a livestream demonstration of the chip，which was implanted into the head of a pig named Gertrude. The chip, developed by Musk's company Neuralink, is the size of a coin. But don't let its size fool you.The tiny chip has over 3000 electrodes (电极) attached to flexible threads, which can monitor about 1000 neurons (神经元). It collects neural signals from an area of the brain, and then transmits those signals wirelessly to nearby computers, according to MSN. In the livestream, Gertrude could be seen walking around her pen sniffing (嗅) the ground while a monitor showed her brain activity. Though the technology is still in its early stage, it is encouraging for humans. This technology “would solve a lot of brain/spine injuries and is ultimately essential for AI symbiosis (共生)”， which allows the human brain to merge (融合) with an artificial intelligence, Musk said in previous interviews. When the device can be applied to humans, its main goal will be to help those who have mobility (行动) issues, such as those suffering from paralysis. Musk hopes this technology could also be used to help those with hearing and eyesight issues and one day lead to a cure for epilepsy (癫痫)． Although such a device could, in principle, repair those problems, putting it into practice is by no means a piece of cake.Currently, the device can transmit signals from about 500 neurons in the pig's brain.Compared to 80 billion neurons in a human brain, this number is tiny. And to cover the whole human brain also means the electrodes have to be much smaller. Also, implanting the chip into the brain poses a potential danger. There is a risk of the immune system attacking this foreign body. Right now, the hope of controlling the brain via controlling a few neurons seems overly optimistic.“There are many technological challenges ... to overcome before Neuralink can put its devices to the purposes，” Yuan Lanfeng, an associate professor at the University of Science and Technology of China, told China Daily. [语篇解读]　本文介绍了马斯克脑机接口新进展。 5．What do we know about Elon Musk's microchip according to the first three paragraphs? A．It is able to collect wireless signals. B．It was inspired by sci­fi movie plots. C．It has no more than 1000 electrodes. D．It is tiny in size but powerful in function. 解析：D　[推理判断题。文章的前三段中可知，马斯克脑机接口芯片体积小而功能大，故选D。] 6．What is the ultimate goal of the microchip? A．To monitor animals' brain activity. B．To develop a cure for epilepsy. C．To help people who have mobility issues. D．To contribute to the research in AI technologies. 解析：C　[细节判断题。由文中第五段可知C项正确。] 7．What do paragraphs 6­7 mainly talk about? A．Potential problems in applying the chip to humans. B．Key differences between pigs' and humans' brains. C．The amount of time and money implanting the chip could cost. D．How the immune system is the major obstacle to the implant. 解析：A　[推理判断题。文中第六、七段介绍了将芯片应用于人类时存在的潜在问题。故选A。] 8．How does Yuan Lanfeng feel about implanting the chip into the human brain? A．Excited.　　　　　 B．Optimistic. C．Cautious. D．Worried. 解析：C　[推理判断题。由最后两段可知，植入脑机接口芯片会有风险的。故选C。] Ⅱ.完形填空 Last weekend，our school organized some volunteers to help direct the traffic at the main crossroads.　__1__　， I was one of them. Early in the 　__2__　， forty of us volunteers got together at the school gate. Before we left, our teacher told us some 　__3__　 do's and don'ts for traffic police. Then we were 　__4__　 hats, fluorescent vests (荧光马甲) and red flags. It was really 　__5__　 to be fully equipped for the sacred (神圣的) mission! Eventually, our group 　__6__　 the appointed (指定的) crossroads and one of the friendly policewomen welcomed us warmly. She 　__7__　 us into four groups, each of us standing at one corner of the crossroads. At first, I felt a bit 　__8__　 when the pedestrians (行人) looked at us curiously. Then I took a deep 　__9__　 and tried to get over my shyness.Step by step, I got the 　__10__　 of being a traffic “policeman”. When some passers­by wanted to run the 　__11__　 light, we stepped forward to 　__12__　 them, warning them of the dangers of their careless behavior. When older people were about to 　__13__　 the road, we kindly offered to help them. With our assistance，far fewer people ignored the traffic regulations.　__14__　 have now become a beautiful part of the scenery in our city. At 11 o'clock in the morning, our voluntary work 　__15__　.Although we were tired and hungry，we felt happy and fulfilled. Helping others really does bring you happiness. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和其同学在马路上做志愿者帮助交警指挥交通的故事。 1．A.Hopefully B．Luckily C．Unfortunately D．Naturally 解析：B　[从文章最后“we felt happy and fulfilled”可知，作者是乐意参加志愿者活动的，故用Luckily。同时，也是传递正能量的需要。] 2．A.morning B．afternoon C．evening D．weekend 解析：A　[从文章最后一段的“At 11 o'clock in the morning”可知，他们是一大早出发，上午11点结束。故选A。] 3．A.additional B．interesting C．basic D．complex 解析：C　[因为学生们只是一些志愿者，临时参加志愿者活动，因此老师也只是向他们介绍一些最基本的交通法规。] 4．A.worn B．held C．donated D．given 解析：D　[同时接三个宾语：hats，fluorescent vests和red flags，故只能用given。] 5．A.exciting B．astonishing C．frightening D．challenging 解析：A　[根据下文的“sacred mission”可知设空处应选用一个积极向上的表达心情的褒义词。故选A。] 6．A.slid to B．arrived at C．pulled in D．moved on 解析：B　[最终作者一行人“到达了”指定的路口。arrive at符合语境。故选B。] 7．A.separated B．threw C．divided D．drove 解析：C　[将一个整体分成几个部分用“divide”。故选C。] 8．A.embarrassed B．angry C．boring D．guilty 解析：A　[一开始当行人好奇地看着“我”时，“我”感到有点“不好意思/尴尬”。故选A。] 9．A.sigh B．thought C．look D．breath 解析：D　[“我”深呼吸来克服害羞的心理。take a deep breath表示“深呼吸”。] 10．A.hang B．rule C．trick D．method 解析：A　[get the hang of表示“掌握……的窍门”为固定词组。] 11．A.green B．red C．yellow D．orange 解析：B　[由空后的“warning them of the dangers of their careless behavior”可知是有行人想闯红灯。故选B。] 12．A.help B．save C．stop D．catch 解析：C　[有行人闯红灯，身为志愿者的“我们”应该走上前去制止他们。故选C。] 13．A.take B．hit C．cross D．pass 解析：C　[根据下文中的“we kindly offered to help them”可知，当老人要过马路时，“我们”主动上前帮助。] 14．A.Schools B．Crossroads C．Passers­by D．Volunteers 解析：D　[根据上下文的语境，“我们”这群志愿者站在十字路口帮忙维持交通，成了一道亮丽的风景线。故选D。] 15．A.gave up B．settled down C．came to life D．came to an end 解析：D　[到11点钟我们的志愿工作结束，故选came to an end。come to life表示“苏醒过来，开始有生气”，不符合题意。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $