UNIT 11 SECTION Ⅲ GRAMMAR-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册五维课堂教师用书word（北师大版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语情态动词核心知识点，系统梳理can、could、may、might等情态动词的基本构成、否定形式及“情态动词+have done”结构用法。通过语境美文感知不同情态动词含义（如can表能力、will表意愿），结合表格归纳语法规则，再以即学活用练习巩固，构建“感知-归纳-应用”的学习支架。 该资料以语境化教学和分层练习为特色，通过Jack的故事等真实情境提升语言理解与表达能力，对比can与be able to的区别培养分析比较的思维品质，分基础性、应用性、综合性练习帮助学生主动调适学习策略。课中助力教师系统授课，课后学生可通过练习查漏补缺，强化语法知识运用。

SECTION Ⅲ　GRAMMAR GRAMMAR 1——被动语态 语境美文 语法感悟 　　My best friend, Jack, is very clever but a little naughty.Jack 1.can not only sing but also play the piano well.He 2.will help anyone who 3.should have got into trouble. During class he 4.would talk for a while when the teacher is absent，and says：“Our teacher 5.can't stay in the office. He 6.might have gone home for a rest.If the teacher 7.should catch us talking，I 8.would take the responsibility.” We 9.can't help laughing. (1)1、9两处can表示能力。 (2)2、8两处表示“意愿”。 (3)3、7处should表示“概率很低”，可译为“万一”。 (4)4处would 表示“习惯”，可译为“会”。 (5)5处can't和6处might表示“可能性”，可译为“不可能，可能”。 用来表明说话者情绪、态度和语气等的动词，叫做情态动词。它表示人的能力、推测、请求、义务、意愿、需要等。情态动词本身具有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，需要和其他实义动词一起构成谓语。情态动词无人称和数的变化(have to除外)，但有些情态动词有过去式。否定式在其后加not，疑问句则将其置于主语之前。英语中常用的情态动词主要有can，could，may，might，must，shall，should，will，would，ought to，need, dare，used to，have to，had better等。 Ⅰ.基本构成 常见的情态动词的否定式及否定缩略式，如下表所示： 情态动词 否定式 否定缩略式 can cannot can't could could not couldn't must must not mustn't should should not shouldn't will will not won't would would not wouldn't have to do not have to don't have to need need not needn't had better had better not 'd better not ◆[语境感悟] My mother can't use the computer yet. 我妈妈还不会使用电脑。 Could you speak a little clearly? 你能说清楚一点吗？ Mr.Smith is absent. He may be ill. 史密斯先生缺席，他可能病了。 You shall get what you want if you behave well. 如果表现好的话，你就会得到你想要的东西。 We should respect our teachers and parents. 我们应该尊重老师和父母。 Oil will float on water. 油会浮在水面上。 He dares to do what he wants to. 只要他想做，他就敢做。 Ⅱ.基本用法 1．can/can't 情态动词 基本用法 can “能，会”，表示一种能力 “可能”，表示客观上的一种可能性，“有时可能会……” “可以”，表示请求许可 can't “不能”，表示禁止 “不可能”，表示否定的可能性 (1)can表示“客观上的某种可能性”时，往往用于否定句和疑问句，若表示“肯定的推测”则用must。 (2)can与be able to的区别 can表示一种能力，表示主语本身具有的某种能力，只有现在时和过去时两种形式；be able to表示经过努力后能做某事，有多种时态。 ◆[语境感悟] She can drive, but she can't ride a bicycle. 她会开车，但她不会骑自行车。(能力) －Can I use your telephone? ——我可以用一下你的电话吗？ －Yes, of course you can. ——当然可以。(许可) Jogging can be harmful to health. 慢跑有时候可能会对健康有害。(一种可能性) The door is locked. She can't be at home. 门是锁着的。她不可能在家。(表示推测) You can't smoke in the office. 在办公室内你不能抽烟。(表示禁止) ◆[即学活用1]——选词填空 ①Mary 　can　 (can; can't) speak three languages and she is studying the fourth language. ②This 　can't　 (can; can't) be done by him, for he was not here. ③He 　was able to　 (could; was able to)go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain. 2．have to/not have to 情态动词 基本用法 have to “必须，不得不”，表示客观上的需要 not have to “没有必要”，相当于needn't ◆[语境感悟] It is late.I have to go home now. 天很晚了。我现在必须回家。 —Do I have to go there now? ——我现在就得去那儿吗？ —No，you don't have to./No，you needn't. ——不，你不必。 ◆[即学活用2]——翻译句子/同义句转换 ①彼得很累了，他必须休息一下。 　Peter was very tired and he had to have a rest.　 ②你没有必要现在就去学校。 　You don't have to/needn't go to school now.　 ③You needn't come tomorrow，for we will have a day off. →You 　don't have to come　 tomorrow，for we will have a day off. 3．ought to/ought not to 情态动词 基本用法 ought to “应当、应该”，表示给别人的一种建议或义务、责任 ought not to “不应当、不应该”，表示建议别人不要做某事 ought to的否定形式是在ought后加not；一般疑问句是将ought直接提前；反意疑问句有两种形式，“shouldn't＋主语”或“oughtn't＋主语”；ought to have done表示“过去应该做却没有做”的一种虚拟语气。 ◆[语境感悟] You ought to finish your work before you go home. 你应该在回家之前完成你的工作。 You ought to obey your parents when they are right. 当你的父母是对的时候你应该顺从他们。 You ought not to smoke so much. 你不应该抽这么多烟。 ◆[即学活用3]——完成句子/翻译句子 ①You 　shouldn't/ought not to waste　 any time. 你不应该浪费时间。 ②You 　should/ought to be　 polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。 ③He ought to be here, oughtn't/shouldn't he? 　他应该在这里，是不是？　 ④Ought we to do it at once? 　我们应该立刻做这件事吗？　 4．need和dare (1)need作情态动词时，表示“需要；必须”；dare表示“敢，敢于”。常用于否定句和疑问句中，后接动词原形，否定形式分别为need not和dare not。 ◆[语境感悟] You needn't answer him the question immediately. 你不必立即回答他这个问题。 —Need we make the test? —Yes，we must./No，we needn't. ——我们需要做这个试验吗？ ——是的，需要。/不，不需要。 If he dare go，I'll go with him. 如果他敢去，我就跟着他去。 (2)need和dare常用作实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化，后面可接带to的不定式。 ◆[语境感悟] You don't need to be told twice. 不必告诉你两遍。 Tom didn't dare to do it. 汤姆不敢做那件事。 ◆[即学活用4]——用适当的情态动词填空 ①You 　needn't　 see him，but I must. ②　Dare　 you go home alone? ③He asked me whether I 　dare　 swim across the river. 5．情态动词＋have done “情态动词＋have done”表示对过去事情的推测 can/could have done ①过去可能(表示推测) ②本能做而未做(表示虚拟) should/ought to have done ③本该做而未做 may/might have done ④过去也许做了(表示推测) ⑤本可能做而未做(表示虚拟) must have done ⑥一定已经做了 needn't have done ⑦本不必做而做了 ◆[语境感悟] They could have sent up the satellite successfully. 他们本来能够成功发射这颗卫星的。 You should have told me earlier or I might have gone with them. 你应该早点告诉我，不然的话我就会和他们一块去了。 You ought to/should have been more careful. 你本应该更小心一些的。 If you had studied hard, you might have passed the exam. 如果你努力学习的话，你可能会及格的。 From what you said，she must have told you all about it. 从你所说的来看，她一定把一切都告诉你了。 You needn't have told them about it. 你本来没有必要告诉他们那件事。 ◆[即学活用5]——用“情态动词＋have done”完成句子 ①They 　must have been　 to the Great Wall，haven't they? 他们一定是去了长城，不是吗？ ②He 　can't/couldn't have watched　 TV last night, for he knew he would have a test. 昨天晚上他不可能看电视，因为他知道就要考试了。 ③He 　could have passed　 the exam，but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心了。 ④You 　should/ought to have done　 more exercise before. 以前你本应该多进行锻炼的。 ⑤You 　might/may have read　 about it in the newspapers. 你可能已经在报上看过这个消息了。 ⑥I 　needn't have cooked　 so much food. Nobody was hungry. 我本不必做这么多吃的，大家都不饿。 [基础性] Ⅰ.选词填空 oughtn't，ought to，ought not to，can，can't，must，mustn't，don't have to，have to 1．It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it 　can　 be rather cold sometimes. 2．—Isn't that Ann's husband over there? —No，it 　can't　 be him. I am sure he doesn't wear glasses. 3．—Shall I tell Tony about it? —No，you 　don't_have_to　. I've told him already. 4．You 　mustn't　 drive into a street with a “No Entry” sign. 5．—Mum, can I go to Charlie's birthday party tonight? —Yes, you can, but you 　must_　 return home before 10 o'clock. 6．—I didn't tell my parents that I would leave home. —You 　ought_to　 have when you left home since you are living with them. 7．We ought to help each other in our work, 　oughtn't　 we? 8．I 　ought_not_to　 have watched that movie—it'll give me horrible dreams. 9．My parents never remember my telephone number, and they always 　have_to　 look it up. [应用性] Ⅱ.完成句子 1．If you plan on working out in a gym, that person 　must_belong_to　 the same gym. 如果你计划到体育馆锻炼，那个(和你一起锻炼的)人一定属于同一馆。 2．You 　ought_not_to　 have let out the news. 你不该泄露这个消息。 3．—　Must　 I go to meet him at the station now? —No, you 　needn't　. The train he takes will arrive in an hour. ——我现在就去车站接他吗？ ——不，你不必。他乘坐的火车一小时以后才能到达。 4．He 　couldn't/can't_have　 finished the task. 他不可能已经完成了这项任务。 5．He was so drunk that he 　was_not_able_to_find　 the door. 他喝得烂醉，以至于找不到门。 6．We wanted help badly，but we 　daren't_ask_for_it　. 我们急需帮助，但没敢要求。 7．In this exhibition，　you_can_see_paper­cutting　 with all kinds of patterns. 在这次展览中，你能看到各种形式的剪纸。 8．If you will join，　you_may_send_your_information_to　 pingpong@123.com. 如果你要参加，你可以发送你的信息到pingpong@123.com。 9．　We should take pains to improve ourselves　 through learning and get prepared for the future. 我们应该尽力通过学习提升自我并为将来做好准备。 10．Mr. Smith 　can't_have_gone_to_Beijing　，for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，因为我刚才在图书馆看见他了。 [综合性] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A I live in New York City，and my neighbours are people I don't know.My city，neighbourhood and block are filled with people who don't know me，don't care to know me，and don't talk to me.I find that it's pretty hard to love people you don't even know.And sometimes，we all，myself included，use that as an excuse not to try.I read Brendan's story recently and was moved. One day，Brendan，a young man in New York，was on the way back to his Brooklyn apartment when a homeless woman called Jackie asked him for money.He said that he had no money.By the end of the week，she asked two more times，and each time he answered“no”．The woman looked sad，so Brendan said，“I am on my way to a job interview.If I get the job，I will take you out for Chinese food.” Brendan got the job.He took Jackie out for lunch.That was when their friendship began.They built a strong friendship by supporting each other and spending their birthdays，holidays and difficult times together，over a period of eight years.When Brendan's heater broke，Jackie made a blanket for him.Two days later when he told her that he had lost his job，she left and returned minutes later，bringing him food to eat.She continued to do that during the whole winter.Even with so little，she often gave back. Over these years，Jackie moved from the streets and subway stations into a halfway house，and is now moving into an apartment.To celebrate 　it　，Brendan wanted to do something special for Jackie.He went with her to Target，and helped her to pick out everything she would need for her new apartment. May Brendan's story encourage us to find a new way to honor，serve and love the people around us. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。作者住在纽约，几乎从来不跟他的邻居说话。当他读过布兰登和杰基相互帮助并建立起了深厚友谊的故事后，深受触动。 1．What can we learn about the author from Paragraph 1? A．He often stays indoors. B．He cares about his neighbours. C．He is good at making friends. D．He hardly talks to his neighbours. 解析：D　[推理判断题。根据第一段的“I live in New York City，and my...and don't talk to me.”可推断，作者几乎从来不跟他的邻居说话。] 2．What did Brendan do when Jackie asked him for money? A．He was angry with her. B．He didn't give her any. C．He offered her some food. D．He gave her some spare change. 解析：B　[细节理解题。根据第二段的“He said that he had no money...he answered‘no’．”可知，布兰登并没有给杰基钱。] 3．After Brendan and Jackie had lunch together，they 　________　. A．developed a new friendship B．helped each other find work C．fell in love with each other D．discovered they were classmates 解析：A　[细节理解题。根据第三段的“Brendan got the job.He took Jackie out for lunch.That was when their friendship began.”可知，他们之间建立起了一份新的友谊。] 4．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Jackie's finding work at Target. B．Jackie's moving from the streets. C．Jackie's moving into an apartment. D．Jackie's moving into a halfway house. 解析：C　[代词指代题。根据画线词前面的“...is now moving into an apartment.”可推断，“it”指代的是搬进公寓一事。] B We can make mistakes at any age.Some mistakes we make are about money，but most mistakes are about people.“Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen？”“When I got that great job，did Jim really feel good about it，as a friend？Or did he envy my luck？” When we look back，doubts like these can make us feel bad.But when we look back，it's too late. Why do we go wrong about our friends or our enemies？Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning.And if we don't really listen，we will miss the feeling behind the words.Suppose someone tells you，“You're a lucky dog.” Is he really on your side？If he says，“You're a lucky guy” or “You're a lucky girl”，that's being friendly.But “lucky dog”？There's a bit of envy in those words.Maybe he doesn't see it himself.But bringing in the “dog” puts you down a little.What he may be saying is that he doesn't think you deserve your luck. “Just think of all the things you have to be thankful for” is another noise that says one thing and means another.It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole.But is he？Being wrapped (包裹) up in this expression is the thought that your problem isn't important.It's telling you to think of all the starving people in the world when you haven't got a date for Saturday night. How can you tell the real meaning behind someone's words？One way is to take a good look at the person talking.Do his words fit the way he looks？Does what he says consist with the tone of voice？His posture？The look in his eyes？Stop and think.The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。本文通过举例子来说明如何理解别人对我们说的话，避免误解别人的意思。 5．When recalling things that have happened between our friends and us，we may 　________　. A．feel good to have friends standing by us B．think it was a mistake to view some people as friends C．misread some of our friends' true feelings D．keep looking back to find mistakes we've made 解析：C　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“When we look back，doubts like these can make us feel bad.But when we look back，it's too late.”可知，我们回忆起和朋友的交谈时，会发现误解了朋友，但是等我们知道时，已经太晚了。] 6．By saying “You're a lucky dog”，the speaker 　________　. A．is just being friendly B．expresses the same meaning as “You're a lucky guy” C．may have a hidden envious feeling D．intends to put the listener down 解析：C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But‘lucky dog’？There's a bit of envy in those words.”可知，这句话的背后可能会藏着说话者的嫉妒之心。] 7．In listening to a person，the important thing is 　________　. A．to listen carefully to how he utters his words B．to observe his tone，his posture，and his clothes C．to stop for a while and decide whether to believe him D．to check his words against his manner，tone and posture 解析：D　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“One way is to take a good look at the person talking.Do his words fit the way he looks？Does what he says consist with the tone of voice？His posture？The look in his eyes？”可知，D项为正确答案。] 8．This passage tries to tell you how to 　________　. A．avoid mistakes in understanding what people tell you B．say things appropriately to avoid mistakes C．keep people always faithful to you D．avoid regretting about making mistakes 解析：A　[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要是通过举例子来说明如何理解别人对我们说的话，避免误解别人的意思。] Ⅱ.完形填空 When you first hear the words“lung cancer”，you will think that's the end of the world.Camille，a 53­year­old mother of two teens is not 　__1__　.But fortunately，science is progressing rapidly，and a series of tests help to 　__2__　 that the right medicine reaches the right patient at the right time.Many people，like Camille，are 　__3__　 from cancer diagnostic testing. With proper 　__4__　 and medical care，Camille is now able to keep her daily 　__5__　 while treating her disease.She gets a CT scan every three months to 　__6__　 for any changes.Now she's swimming a quarter of a mile twice a week and she can 　__7__　 with her kids' school.She said，“There are some things that I know I should take slowly，but 　__8__　，it's mostly back to 　__9__　 for us.I couldn't even 　__10__　 when I was first diagnosed (诊断). However，I became very 　__11__　.”As part of that gratitude，　__12__　 has become even more important to Camille since her diagnosis. “I've always been the caretaker and the volunteer，but people have helped me，particularly in the last couple of months，so I really want to 　__13__　 that back，”she said.“I want to help people who are in the same 　__14__　 as I am.I would tell them there're a lot of 　__15__　 out there and that it's not hopeless.” [ 语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。53岁的卡米尔身患肺癌，经过治疗后，她现在过上了正常的生活，同时也积极当志愿者帮助跟自己有相同处境的人。 1．A.asleep　　　　　　　 B．alone C．lonely D．together 解析：B　[根据最后一段中的“I want to help people who are in the same 　____14____　 as I am.”可知，此处指她不是“唯一”一个患肺癌的人。故选B。] 2．A.make sense B．make up C．make sure D．make out 解析：C　[根据语境并结合四个选项可知，此处指一系列的测试有助于“确保”正确的药物在正确的时间用到正确的病人身上。故选C。] 3．A.benefiting B．escaping C．traveling D．deserving 解析：A　[根据下文的“With proper 　____4____　 and medical care，Camille is now able to keep her daily 　____5____　 while treating her disease.”可知。卡米尔正在从癌症诊断测试中“受益”。故选A。] 4．A.relaxation B．protection C．entertainment D．treatment 解析：D　[根据下文的“and medical care”并结合语境可知，此处指经过适当的“治疗”和医疗护理。故选D。] 5．A.program B．process C．routine D．service 解析：C　[daily routine是固定短语，意为“日常生活”，结合语境可知，此处指在治疗她的疾病的同时维持她的日常生活。故选C。] 6．A.manage B．monitor C．follow D．record 解析：B　[根据上文的“gets a CT scan”并结合语境可知，此处指她每三个月做一次CT扫描是为了“检查”有无变化。故选B。] 7．A.help B．accompany C．greet D．save 解析：A　[根据语境可知，此处指她可以“帮助”孩子们上学。故选A。] 8．A.besides B．moreover C．otherwise D．instead 解析：C　[根据下文的“it's mostly back to 　____9____　 for us”并结合语境可知，此处表示有些事情她知道应该慢慢来，但“在其他方面”。对她们来说基本上会恢复正常了。故选C。] 9．A.surprise B．nature C．special D．normal 解析：D　[根据上文的“There are some things that I know I should take slowly，but 　____8____　 it's mostly back to”并结合语境可知，此处指对她们来说基本上会恢复“正常”了。故选D。] 10．A.stand B．remember C．realise D．lie 解析：A　[根据上文的“Camille is now able to keep her daily”并结合语境可知，此处指她刚确诊的时候都“站不住”。故选A。] 11．A.pitiful B．grateful C．cautious D．impatient 解析：B　[根据下文的“As part of that gratitude”可知，此处指她非常“感激”。故选B。] 12．A.struggling B．engineering C．volunteering D．pioneering 解析：C　[根据下文的“I've always been the caretaker and the volunteer”可知，此处指“志愿服务”对她来说变得更加重要。故选C。] 13．A.take B．look C．return D．give 解析：D　[根据语境并结合四个选项可知，此处指她想把他人的善意“还”给他们。故选D。] 14．A.situation B．occupation C．relationship D．system 解析：A　[根据语境可知，此处指她想帮助和自己“处境”相同的人。故选A。] 15．A.opinions B．options C．difficulties D．decisions 解析：B　[根据下文的“that it's not hopeless”并结合上文提到的治疗可知。此处指他们有很多“选择”。故选B。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $