UNIT 10 SECTION Ⅳ LESSON 2 COMMUNITY SPIRIT-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册五维课堂教师用书word（北师大版）

SECTION Ⅳ　LESSON 2　COMMUNITY SPIRIT ●基础单词 1．　closely­knit　 adj.紧密连结在一起的 2．　household　 n．一家人，同住在一栋房子的人 3．　outskirts　 n．市郊，郊区，远离城市中心的地区 4．　bond　 n．纽带，联系 ●拓展单词 1．additionally adv.除此之外，此外→　additional　 adj.除此之外的；此外的→　addition　 n．相加 2．frequently adv.经常地，频繁地→　frequent　 adj.经常的，频繁的 3．consequence n．后果→　consequent　 adj.由……引起的→ 　consequently　 adv.所以；因此 4．convenient adj.方便的；实用的→　conveniently　 adv.方便地；便利地→　convenience　 n．方便；便利→　inconvenient　 adj.不方便的 1．pay a visit　 to　 拜访，参观 2．be involved　 in　 忙于……，参与…… 3．be based　 on　 以……为依据 4．die　 of　 死于，因……而死亡 5．rather 　than　 而不是 6．consist 　of　 由……组成 7．keep 　up　 保持 8．live　 in　 生活在…… It is great to live in a closely­knit community. 住在紧密相连的社区真好。 It作形式主语，代替动词不定式。 1．additionally adv. 除此之外，此外 (1)additional adj.附加的；额外的；外加的 (2)addition n．相加，增加物；加法 in addition 此外；另外 in addition to 除……之外 ◆[经典佳句] In addition to his movie work，Redford is known as a champion of environmental causes. 除了拥有电影事业，雷德福还是一位公认的环保卫士。 The company provides cheap Internet access.In addition，it makes shareware freely available. 该公司提供廉价的上网服务。此外，它还让人免费使用共享软件。 [同义辨析]　in addition to，in addition in addition to “除……之外(还)”，与as well as同义，为介词短语，其后应接名词、代词、动名词等 in addition “另外”，相当于副词，通常可以和furthermore，besides等互换 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①An 　additional　 charge is made for the goods in 　addition　 to that charge.(addition) ②　Additionally　 (addition)，your body language will also give out a lot more information. ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 选词填空：in addition，in addition to ③　In addition to　 the names on the list there are six other applicants. ④Mountain climbing must be very tiring. 　In addition　，you might feel sick with the air getting thinner. 2．frequently adv.经常地，频繁地 (1)frequent adj.频繁的，经常发生的 (2)frequency n．频繁；频率 (3)常见的频度副词及短语： often，usually，always，frequently，constantly，regularly，occasionally，hardly，rarely，sometimes，seldom，never，every two days(每隔两天)，every now and then，from time to time，once in a while(时而不时地)等。 ◆[经典佳句] If you read frequently，you'll likely have an easier time with remembering what you're reading(and what you've read)． 如果你经常阅读，你可能会更容易记住你正在读的(和你已经读过的)。 He is a frequent visitor to the house. 他是这家的常客。 Fatal road accidents have decreased in frequency over recent years. 近年来致命交通事故的发生频率已经下降。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①You can't hear waves of such a high 　frequency　 (frequent)during the day. ②It is not polite to interrupt a speaker with 　frequent　 (frequency)questions. ③A minivan with liquor runs 　frequently　 (frequent) between the inn and the country club. ④I've been writing this report 　occasionally　 (occasional)for the last two weeks，but it has to be handed in tomorrow. ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ⑤Our factory 　has frequent contacts　(有密切往来)with the neighbouring villages. ⑥Host and guests 　frequently raised their glasses　(频频举杯)during the feast. 3．consequence n．后果 (1)as a consequence/result 因此；结果 in consequence 因此；结果 as a consequence/result of 因为……的缘故 in consequence of 因为……的缘故 be of (no/little) consequence 有(无)意义；(不)重要 (2)consequent adj. 作为结果的；随之发生的 (3)consequently adv. 因此；所以 ◆[经典佳句] She was over the age limit and，in consequence/as a consequence/as a result，her application was rejected. 她超过了年龄上限，因此她的申请被拒绝了。 In consequence of/As a consequence of/As a result of your bad work，I am forced to dismiss you. 因为你工作不好，我只能解雇你。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①As a 　consequence　 (consequent)，they can't concentrate on their study and tend to be sleepy in class. ②　Consequently　 (consequent)，she understood it and became interested in Chinese traditional culture. ③The warming of the earth and the 　consequent　(consequence) climatic changes affect us all. ◆[“四翼”考查]——创新性 一句多译 ④昨天的比赛因下雨而取消了。 a．It rained yesterday，and 　as a result/consequence　，the match was cancelled. b．The match was cancelled 　as a result/consequence of　 the rain yesterday. 4．rather than 而不是 (1)rather than常起连词的作用，其连接的两个并列成分的词性应该一致。 (2)rather than连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的成分在人称和数上保持一致。具有相同用法的词(组)还有as well as，together with，with，besides等。 ◆[经典佳句] You rather than I are going to go camping. 要去野营的是你，而不是我。 The father rather than the children is responsible. 应负责的是那位父亲，而不是那些孩子。 I think I'll have a cold drink rather than coffee. 我想要冷饮而不是咖啡。 While having dinner，listen to some enjoyable music rather than watch television. 吃晚饭的时候，听些令人愉快的音乐，而不是看电视。 It was the culture，rather than the language，that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad. 是文化而不是语言使得他很难适应国外的新环境。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①Facing up to your problems rather than 　running　 (run) away from them is the best approach to working things out. ②You rather than your sister 　are　 (be) to run the shop after your parents retire. ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ③At the Mandarin Oriental，a person 　rather than　 an automated system 　will call to　 wake you up. 在文华东方酒店，叫醒你的是一个人而不是一个自动系统。 ④LoveFone，a company that advocates repairing cellphones 　rather than abandoning them　，opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016. 2016年，LoverFone公司在伦敦的一个电话亭开设了一个迷你工作室，提倡对手机进行维修，而不是丢弃它们。 ⑤He 　prefers to take a chance　 rather than sit there doing nothing. 他宁愿冒险而不愿无所事事地坐在那里。 (教材P108)It is great to live in a closely­knit community.住在紧密相连的社区真好。 [句式结构] It作形式主语，代替动词不定式。 ◆[规律总结] (1)it作形式主语时的常用句型：it＋谓语＋形容词/名词/分词＋to do/doing/that从句。 注意：在英语中，形式主语或形式宾语只能用it，不能用this，that或其他代词。 it作形式主语而从句是真正主语的常见句式： It is a pity/surprise/wonder ...that ... It is likely/surprising/interesting ...that ... It is said/believed/reported ...that ... (2)it在句中也可作宾语，代替动词不定式。 ◆[经典佳句] It is a pity that you missed the football match! 你错过这场球赛，太遗憾了！ It is said that Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink. 据说神农是第一个发现茶可作为饮品的人。 I don't think it impossible for us to solve the problem. 我不认为解决这个问题对我们来说不可能。 ◆[误区规避]——语法填空 Marry has made 　______　 clear to us that she will quit the job. (可能失误)填that/this。 (正确表达)填it。 (错误分析)谨记此规律：在英语中，形式主语或形式宾语只能用it，不能用this，that或其他代词。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ①　It's strange that　 he should have taken the books without the owner's permission. 很奇怪，他竟然未经主人的同意就拿走了那些书。 ②　It is no use reciting　 the key points without understanding them. 背诵这些要点而不理解它们是没用的。 ③　It is obvious that　 the girl is attached to the toy selected by her mother. 很显然，小女孩喜欢妈妈选的这个玩具。 ④　It is believed that　 smoking does harm to our health. 人们相信吸烟对我们的健康有害。 [基础性] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．I love roses and I think they make a beautiful 　addition　 (增加) to any garden. 2．The 　consequence　 (结果) of a rising sea level would be widespread flooding. 3．Drunk driving，which was once a 　frequent　 (经常的) occurrence，is now under control. 4．I would appreciate it if you could reply at your earliest 　convenience　 (尽早回复)． 5．In some cultures friendship means a strong lifelong 　bond　 (关系，纽带) between two people. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．In addition to 　reading　 (read) for knowledge，we read for fun and inspiration. 2．As a consequence 　of　 his hard work，he was eventually admitted to Nanjing University. 3．We should take an active part in sports and outdoor activities 　frequently　 (frequent)． 4．England is the largest of the four countries，and 　for　 convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. 5．Rather than 　running　 (run) on roads, a safer and more fun alternative is to take your kids to parks or trails to run. [应用性] Ⅲ.完成句子 1．Have you 　paid_a_visit_to　(参观) the Great Wall? 2．The student 　are_involved_in　(参与，忙于)a social survey. 3．Scientists haven't found 　the_reason_for　(……的原因)this kind of disease. 4．The medical group，　consisting_of　(由……组成)5 doctors and 10 nurses，will go to Africa. 5．Singing and laughing can 　protect_students_from_the_pressure　(保护学生免受压力)of school study. 6．The old couple，though living in a big city，still 　keep_up_the_traditional_lifestyle　(保持传统的生活方式)． [综合性] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Have you ever found yourself waiting at the stop for your bus to arrive and have a stranger ask a commonplace(普通的)question？Or have you stood in line waiting for a coffee and feel the need to just look over to the person next to you and ask about the weather? This is small talk，and despite the name，it's actually a big part of daily life. “Small talk may seem trivial(微不足道的)，but it's a natural way for people to connect.It may seem like a waste of time.But it serves a vital role in our social interactions.Big relationships are built on small talk，”Lindy Pegler，who has a master's degree in psychology，wrote on Medium. In fact，we spend a lot of our time making small talk.Often，we find ourselves making small talk with the same people on a regular basis.Coming up with small conversations is the foundation of these relationships. The benefits of such conversations can actually contribute to our happiness and benefit our lives as a whole.In a study cited by The New York Times，researchers found that having a healthy number of acquaintances and maintaining these relationships contribute to one's sense of belonging to a community. So how does one start making small talk？It can be as simple as complimenting(称赞)one's shirt，asking about their day or commenting on the traffic.“First and foremost，small talk is an act of politeness，”Pegler noted.“Our small talk at our first meeting is our chance to show who we are，”she added. Who knows where this can lead？Nowadays，the small connections we make can lead to big results.You might find someone who has a common interest，or maybe even someone who turns out to be a close friend.There is one thing for sure: making small talk can brighten our day—even if it's just a nice comment or a thoughtful question. So the next time you find yourself waiting for the bus or checking your watch while you wait in a line，take the opportunity to look up and talk to someone around you.After all，it takes a small connection to lead to a larger one. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了闲聊在日常生活中的重要性，以及我们如何开始闲聊。 1．What does the writer intend to do by asking questions in Paragraph 1? A．Show his confusion on the theme. B．Argue over the seriousness of talking. C．Attach importance to talking. D．Lead to the topic of the passage. 解析：D　[推理判断题。根据第二段内容“This is small talk，and despite the name，it's actually a big part of daily life.”可知，第一段的两个问题用以引出文章话题。故选D。] 2．What does Lindy Pegler think of small talk? A．It is a pointless conversation. B．It wastes too much time. C．It is connected with your social status. D．It contributes to good relationships. 解析：D　[推理判断题。根据第三段中琳迪·佩格勒所说的话可知，她认为闲聊有助于良好的关系。故选D。] 3．How do regular social interactions with acquain­tances influence people according to researchers? A．They help people develop communication skills. B．They bring people happiness and a sense of belonging. C．They allow people to improve their manners. D．They help people find out who they are. 解析：B　[细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知，有熟人进行社交互动可以增加人的幸福和归属感。故选B。] 4．What are people advised to do when making small talk? A．Start with casual topics. B．Start with serious topics. C．Make it important and deep. D．Choose pleasant surroundings. 解析：A　[细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“It can be as simple as complimenting one's shirt，asking about their day or commenting on the traffic.”可知，闲聊一般是以比较简单、随意的话题开始。故选A。] B A five­year­old student at an elementary school in Vista, California, collected enough money to pay off the lunch debts of 123 students at her school. Katelynn Hardee, a kindergarten student at Breeze Hill Elementary School, overheard a parent say she was having difficulty paying for an after­school program.“She started asking me a lot of questions and I just tried to explain to her that sometimes people aren't as fortunate and that we need to try to be kind and give when we can，” Karina Hardee, Katelynn's mom, told reporters. So Katelynn decided to set up a stand on December 8, spending her Sunday selling hot cocoa and cookies. Katelynn and her mom donated the US$80 collected, which went towards paying off the lunch debts of over 100 students at her elementary school. By doing this，the child hopes that other students can have a snack and lunch.“If they don't, they'll be hungry，” Katelynn said.“Everybody is just so proud and happy and other students are already talking about ways they can also make a difference，”said Breeze Hill Principal Lori Higley.“It goes to show that even one small kind act from a five­year­old can mean the difference for someone in their life.” Katelynn's next goal is to raise enough money to pay off not only all the lunch debts at Breeze Hill, but the “thousands of debts” at schools in the Vista Unified School District, Hardee said.To help in her new mission, called “Kiki's Kindness Project”， other students and staff at Breeze Hill will host a hot cocoa and baked goods stand on Saturday to raise more money to pay off lunch debts at the school. After all the debts in the entire district have been paid off，Katelynn will then use the money raised to help support school programs which will be removed due to budget cuts. “It's all about kindness. Especially this holiday season, and with everything that's going on in the world, we just need a little bit more kindness out there，” Hardee said. [语篇解读]　美国一所小学的一名五岁女学生通过卖零食筹集了足够的钱来帮助偿还学校贫困学生的午餐欠款。 5．What can we learn about Katelynn from the passage? A．Her mother works in her elementary school. B．She was inspired by her mother to collect money. C．Her kind act makes a difference in the life of other students. D．She helped buy snacks and lunch for all students at her elementary school. 解析：C　[细节理解题。根据第三段“Everybody is just so proud and happy and other students are already talking about ways they can also make a difference ...”以及第四段“...other students and staff ...to raise more money to pay off lunch debts at the school.”可知凯特琳的善举影响了其他同学，大家都加入了筹集资金的行列当中。故选C。] 6．What will Katelynn do next? A．Set up more stands at her elementary school. B．Call on schools to support budget­cutting programs. C．Raise more money to support students' after­school programs at her school. D．Collect enough money to pay off all the lunch debts in her school district. 解析：D　[细节理解题。根据第四段“Katelynn's next goal is to raise enough money to pay off not only all the lunch debts at Breeze Hill，but the‘thousands of debts’ at schools in the Vista Unified School District，Hardee said.”可知凯特琳下一步要做的是帮助偿还整个学区内学校的贫困学生的午餐欠款。故选D。] 7．Which of the following can best describe Katelynn? A．Determined and caring. B．Honest and hard­working. C．Brave and easy­going. D．Modest and fun­loving. 解析：A　[推理判断题。根据文章内容凯特琳在有了帮助他人的想法后，迅速付诸实践，实现目标，可知凯特琳是有决心的。凯特琳通过卖零食来筹钱帮助偿还学校贫困学生的午餐欠款，可见她是乐于助人的。故选A。] 8．What does the passage mainly express? A．Not everyone is fortunate enough. B．Make your own living and start small. C．Helping others is a way to help yourself. D．Small acts of kindness can make a big difference. 解析：D　[主旨大意题。根据第三段“Everybody is just so proud and happy and other students are already talking about ways they can also make a difference ...”和第五段“...we just need a little bit more kindness out there ...”可知文章想表达的是小小的善举也能带来大不同。故选D。] Ⅱ.阅读填句 The deepest friendship spans(跨越)time and space.　__1__　 So we asked some people how they've managed to make their bonds unbreakable. Honesty is always the best policy.Heather Hopkins credits her long­lasting friendship to her honesty.“Never be scared to tell your best friends how you are really feeling about any situation.　__2__　” Just keep calling，even if there's nothing to really say.Nicki Bandklayder's 20­year friendships are going strong because she's always willing to get on the phone.“Pick up the phone！You don't need a reason to call.This is what keeps some of my 20­year friendships alive and strong.　__3__　” Just be a good listener.“My best friend in world is from freshman year in college，”shares Judy Gropen.“She says that it is because I actually listen to her，and I am shocked by how smart and kind she is and different from anyone I know.” 4__　“My best friend Helen and I are going on 32 years，and we never call out the other person on being an absentee friend，”shares Angela Randall.“Life happens and when you are in different places and going through different things，just pick up where you both are.” 5__　“It's said that technology is destroying relationships，but there are few things as nice as being connected with your best friends since elementary school by an ongoing group text，”says Lauren Schwwartz Gamsey.“We are busy working mums across seven cities in three states，and we can still share everyday thoughts，big news，and silly stories as if we had never moved away from each other.” A．Turn technology to your advantage. B．Sometimes one party forgets to be present，but that's OK. C．Now we each host a meal at our home throughout the year. D．When you start needing a reason to call，you lose daily connection. E．The keys to keeping a strong friendship often take a lifetime to learn. F．All I need is homemade coffee and a speakerphone and it's like we are together. G．A true friend will always be grateful for honesty，even in the stickiest of situations. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了维持长久友谊的方法。 1．E　[根据上文“The deepest friendship spans time and space.”可知，最深的友谊跨越时空。E项“保持牢固友谊的关键往往需要一生的时间去学习”符合语境。故选E。] 2．G　[根据上文“Honesty is always the best policy.”可知，诚实永远是上策。G项与上文“永远不要害怕告诉你最好的朋友你对任何情况的真实感受”语意连贯。故选G。] 3．D　[根据上文“Pick up the phone！You don't need a reason to call.This is what keeps some of my 20­year friendships alive and strong.”可知，打电话保持联系是保持友谊牢固的方法，无需理由。D项“当你开始需要一个打电话的理由时，你就失去了日常联系”在语意上与上文形成转折关系，符合语境。故选D。] 4．B　[根据下文“My best friend Helen and I are going on 32 years，and we never call out the other person on being an absentee friend”可知，此处指即使有时候一方忘记到场也没有关系。B项“有时有一方会忘记到场，但没关系”切合文意。故选B。] 5．A　[根据下文“It's said that technology is destroying relationships，but there are few things as nice as being connected with your best friends since elementary school by an ongoing group text”可知，有人说科技正在破坏人际关系，但很少有什么能比通过一组短信和你从小学开始最好的朋友保持联系更美好的了。A项“把技术变成你的优势”与此语意承接。故选A。] Ⅲ.语法填空 Do you really want to be happy？Everyone says yes，but do you know the approach 1.　________　 happiness is giving to others？Some of us may feel that if we give too much，our generosity will 2.　________　 (take) advantage of by others.However，people who see your good intentions as weakness are in the 3.　________　 (minor)． Danny Thomas said，“Success in life has 4.　________　 to do with what you gain in life or accomplish for yourself.It's what you do for others.”So why not start with you and me right now? You can donate anything without 5.　________　 (seek) reward.This is good for you and those 6.　________　 receive your acts of 7.　________　 (kind)．Every time you give，you will receive—even if you are not looking for a reward.You will find your donations won't make you poor.As a result of this，you will see most people，naturally，pay you back. You should also take the time to be polite to all of the people 8.　________　 (perform) services for you.Once you do，you would be surprised at how many of them will go out of their way to give you good service.If you establish sincerity and trust 9.　________　 you go，you will be loved by your fellow men.As Mohammed said，“A person's true wealth is the good he or she 10.　________　(do) in the world.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章告诉我们通往快乐的途径是给予他人，一个人真正的财富是他/她在世界上所做的好事。 1．to　[考查介词。固定短语the approach to表示“……的方法，去往……的路径”。故填to。] 2．be taken　[考查动词的语态和时态。句子主语“generosity”和“take advantage of”之间为被动关系，此处为一般将来时，且前面有will，故填be taken。] 3．minority　[考查名词。固定短语be in the minority意为“占少数”。故填minority。] 4．nothing　[考查代词。根据下文中的“It's what you do for others.”可知，丹尼·托马斯观点是“成功是你为别人做的事”，与你在生活中所获得的或为自己所取得的成就无关，have nothing to do with表示“与……无关”。故填nothing。] 5．seeking　[考查非谓语动词。介词后应用动名词作宾语。故填seeking。] 6．who　[考查定语从句。所填词引导限制性定语从句，先行词为those，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who。故填who。] 7．kindness　[考查名词。介词of后用名词作宾语。故填kindness。] 8．performing　[考查非谓语动词。句中people与perform之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词作定语，修饰people。故填performing。] 9．wherever　[考查状语从句。根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导让步状语从句，表示地点状语，应用wherever表示“无论在哪里”。故填wherever。] 10．does　[考查动词时态和主谓一致。该句使用了一般现在时，句子主语he or she为第三人称单数形式，应用do的第三人称单数形式。故填does。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $