Unit 5 Section II Discovering Useful Structures-【成才之路·学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册同步新课程学习指导(人教版)

106 (6)I read through the first page of the book and had gone to the American consulate to seek help, spotted a spelling mistake. he had not received any.He was wandering on the (7)Fortunately,a man made an offer to show street 4. he heard somebody calling him. him around different spots. Then he was led to two very 5. （wealth) Ⅲ.课文语法填空 and odd brothers,Roderick and Oliver,who made 根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单 6. bet.Oliver believed that a man could 词或括号内单词的正确形式。 survive in the city for a month with a million-pound The Million Pound Bank Note is a short story bank note,7. Roderick doubted it.To by the American author Mark Twain,published in settle their 8. (argue),they gave Henry 1893.The story begins with Henry Adams.One a letter 9. a large sum of money in it, day,he 1. (sail)in his boat out of the telling him he had to postpone 10. bay when a strong wind carried his boat far out to(open)it until two o'clock sea.A whole night passed before he 2. 夯基提能作业 (spot)by a ship,which took him to London.Lost 请同学们认真完成练案[17」 in this strange city,penniless and hungry,he didn't know what 3. (do).Although he SectionⅡ Discovering Useful Structures ●语法概览 表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生 would do的动作（主要)用于宾语从句中 can/could was/were 表示过去的打算或者在过去看来有 may/might going to do迹象表明要发生某事 must was/were在过去看来即将要发生的动作，不 情态 情态动词 过去将 about to do与时问状语连用 shall/should/ought to 动词 和过去将 来时 来时 was/were表示过去按计划或者安排要做的 will/would to do 事情 表示在过去看来即将要发生的动作 need/dare was/were 该结构的动词是come、go、leave、 doing start、arrive等盼间动词 ○语法精讲 交通堵塞，在接孩子的时候下车，但是很难责 一、情态动词 怪家长。 (2024·新课标全国I卷)And the low (一)常见情态动词的用法 temperatures could bring snow to the forest area. 1.can/could (1)表示能力，意为“能，会”；could主要指过 低温会给森林地区带来积雪。 去的能力。 (2)表示请求或许可。 当请求允许做某事时，两者均可用，但用could I see what you mean,these days you can see 语气更委婉。当表示允许某人做某事时，一般 traffic jams around schools that drop off at pick- up times,but it's hard to blame the parents. 要用can,而不用could。 -Could you check this bill for me?I don't think 我明白你的意思，现在你能够看到学校周围的 it's right 107 -Certainly. 答，不能用mustn't,而要用needn't或don't have 你能帮我检查一下这个账单吗？我认为 too 它不对。 -Must we hand in our English exercise books? —一当然。 我们必须交英语练习册吗？ (3)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度时，意为 -Yes,you must.(No,you don't have to./No, “怎么能，怎么会”，主要用于否定句、疑问句 you needn't. 或感叹句中，用coud时语气较委婉。 是的，你们必须交。（不，你们不必）。 How can you stay so calm after such a hot (2)must用于疑问句中，可以用来表示责备、 argument? 抱怨的感情色彩，意为“偏要，硬要”。mustn't 在如此激烈的争论之后，你怎么还能保持如此 的意思是“禁止”，而不是“不必”。 冷静？ Must you play the guitar so loudly?I can't 温馨提示： concentrate my attention on my work. can与be able to的区别 你非要这么大声弹吉他吗？我无法把注意力 ①can只能用在一般现在时，而be able to可用 集中在工作上。 于更多的时态 》即学即用 (2023·浙江1月卷)She was covered in spider- 用适当的情态动词填空 ① webs and was barely able to move her wings. I finish the paper today? -No,you needn't.You can hand it in next 她全身都是蜘蛛网，几乎不能动翅膀。 week. ②表示过去特定的能力或经过努力才具备的 能力，只能用be able to。 ②(2023·新课标全国I卷)You use the I talked with her for a long time,and finally I following writing exercise to help you do this ③(2023·新课标全国Ⅱ卷)They not was able to make her believe me. afford to pay for transportation for their dog, 我和她谈了很长时间，最终，我让她相信了我。 Tiffy,and desperately wanted to take her with 2.must them. 表示现在或将来必须要做某事，多是出于义 ④Why you argue with each other every day? 务、责任或强制命令，指说话人的主观意志。 3.may/might (2024·新课标全国I卷)Groups of five or (1)表示请求时，两者都可用，只是might表示 more require special arrangements and must be 的语气较委婉（但并不表示过去）；表示许可 confirmed in advance 时，通常要用may而不用might。 五人或五人以上的团体需要特别安排，必须事 If it is convenient,may/might I pay you a visit 先确认。 at your office next Tuesday? (2022·新课标全国I卷)If you plan on 如果方便的话，我可以下周二到办公室拜访 working out in a gym,that person must belong to 你吗？ the same gym. (2024·新课标全国I卷)If he seems a little 如果你打算在健身房锻炼，那个人必须是同一 defensive,it might be because even some of his 个健身房的。 coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual 温馨提示： methods. must用法点拨 如果他看起来有点戒备的姿态，那可能是因为 (1)回答must引出的问句时，如果是否定的回 他的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的方法。 108 (2)may表示祝福与愿望，多用于书面语中，构 (2024·新课标全国Ⅱ卷)Well,Professor 成句型：May+you+动词原形/名词词组+.. North said there should be no more than four May you have an unforgettable travelling people in each group. experience！ 诺斯教授说每组不应当超过四人。 祝你拥有一段难忘的旅游经历！ (2023·浙江1月卷)All campers should bring 温馨提示： their own bagged lunch and snacks may well+动词原形，表示“很可能”；may/ 所有露营者都应该自带袋装午餐和零食。 might as well do sth.不妨做某事。 (2)should表示惊讶、赞叹或不满，意为“竟然”。 He may well be surprised at the result. I can't believe my eyes.There should be such a 他很可能会对这个结果感到意外。 modern school in so small a town. To start with,you might as well leamn to speak 我难以相信自己的眼睛，在这个小城镇里竞然 Mandarin. 有这么现代化的学校。 首先，你最好学会说普通话。 〉即学即用 4.shall 用适当的情态动词填空 (l)用于第一、三人称的疑问句中时表示征求①It is raining heavily outside.You as well 意见。 stay here for the night. (2024·新课标全国Ⅱ卷)一It surely is.Are 2One of our rules is that every student you tired?Shall we stop by the lake for a few wear school uniform while at school. minutes 3I promise if you work hard,you have a -Good idea.Let's go to that cafe for a little holiday on Saturday. refreshment. ④(2023·新课标全国I卷)The meat 确实是。你累了吗？我们在湖边停留几 be fresh with a touch of sweetness and the soup 分钟好吗？ hot,clear and delicious. 好主意。我们去那家咖啡馆吃点东西吧。 ⑤You never lack money while I am alive. (2)用于第二、三人称的陈述句时，往往表示6.wil/would 给对方(you)或第三方(he,she,they等)以允 (1)wi表示“意愿，意志”，would表示过去时 诺、命令、决心、警告或威肋等，在法律、条约、 间的“意愿、意志”。 协定等文件中可以表示义务、规定等。 I will pay you at the rate you have asked. All the drivers have been warned that driving 我愿意按照你要求的价钱付款。 after drinking shall bring about serious (2024·1月浙江卷)Each child was told if they accidents.(警告) waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, 所有司机都已被警告过，酒后驾驶将导致严重 they would be given a second treat 事故。 研究人员告诉每个孩子，如果他们等待15分 Before giving evidence a witness has to swear an 钟才吃零食，他们将得到第二次零食。 oath.If he deliberately gives false evidence,he (2)表示征求意见或提出请求。主要用于第 shall assume legal responsibility 二人称疑问句中，will和would均可用，would 证人作证前必须宣誓。故意提供虚假证据的， 此时不表示过去，而是表示委婉语气。 应当承担法律责任。 The coffee is too strong.Will/Would you please 5.should/ought to add some water to it? (1)表示责任、义务，意为“应该，应当”。 咖啡太浓了，请你再加点水好吗？ 109 (3)w表示某种倾向或习惯性动作，意为“总 He dares to challenge all kinds of difficulties 会，老是”；would表示过去反复发生的动作或 他敢于挑战各种困难。 过去的一种倾向。 〉即学即用 Fish will die without water. 用适当的情态动词填空 没有水，鱼会死去。 D Adapting to a new culture can be difficult. He would sit there for hours,doing nothing at all. However,you to step out of your 他总是在那里一坐就是几个小时，什么都 comfort zone 不千。 ②“How you say that to me?"the man said 温馨提示： angrily pointing to the boy. would与used to的区别 3Afraid of water,I wonder if I jump into (1)would表示过去经常性且反复发生的动 the pool and swim. 作，没有与现在对比的含义。 ④We never talk about that subject again. When we were young,we would go swimming 5-Must I go to medical school and be a doctor every summer. like you,Dad? 年轻的时候，我们每年夏天常常去游泳。 -No,you son.You are free to make (2)used to表示过去经常发生的动作或存在 your decision. 的状态，且现在已终止，强调今昔对比。 (二)情态动词表推测 People used to believe that the earth was flat. 1.must表示有把握的推测，只用于肯定句中，意 过去，人们总以为地球是扁平的。（现在已不 为“一定，肯定”。 再这样认为)》 (2023·全国甲卷)She teaches that people 7.need,dare must take responsibility for saving their （l)need表示必要性，意为“需要”，dare表示 environment. “敢于”；need和dare作情态动词时常用于否 她教育人们必须承担拯救环境的责任。 定句、疑问句或条件句中，无人称和数的变化， 2.can/could表示推测，意为“可能”，用于否定 疑问句和否定句中不加助动词： 句和疑问句。can比could语气强。 (2024·北京卷)To practise this,we need He must be at home;he can't still be in the establish clear boundaries in our personal and office at such a late hour. professional life. 他一定在家，他这么晚一定不会在办公室。 要做到这一点，我们需要在个人生活和职业生 温馨提示： 涯中建立明确的界限。 can表示客观可能性（理论上或是逻辑判断 I won't allow you to do it even if you dare do it. 上)，意为“可能会”。 即使你敢做，我也不让你这样做。 It can be rather hot in our hometown in March. (2)need和dare用作实义动词时，有词形变 在我们家乡三月份可能会很热。 化。在否定句、疑问句中要加助动词。 3.may/might意为“可能，也许”，指可能性小的 These flowers need to be watered (need 猜测。might比may语气更不确定，表示的可 watering)three times a week 能性更小。 这些花需要一周浇三次水。 I tell my mom that if we're forced to eat things, I didn't need to go to the bank after all-Mary we may become ill lent me the money. 我告诉我妈妈，如果我们被迫吃东西，我们可 我最终还是不必去银行了—一玛丽借给我钱了。 能会生病。 110 4.should表推测，暗含很大的可能，意为“应该， 或责备的语气。 理应”。 To be honest,I shouldn't have spoken to you It's 4:30.They should be in New York by now. like that. 现在是四点半，他们应该到达纽约了。 说实话，我本不应该那样对你说话的。 )即学即用 5.needn't have done表示“本不必做某事却已经 用适当的情态动词填空 做了”。 ①He be attending the meeting now You needn't have taken out a loan;we could because he has gone to Beijing on business. give you a hand. ②Look！He be reading a novel,for he is 你本不需要贷款的，我们可以帮助你。 keeping his head down. 6.must have done表示对过去的推测，只用于肯 ③We have different opinions in 定句中，意为“一定做过某事”。 organizing class activities,but we can discuss From what you said,she must have told you all about it. together to make them better. 从你所说的来看，她一定把一切都告诉你了。 4It's nearly seven o'clock.Jack be here 7.may/might have done表示对过去发生的事情 at any moment. 的推测，意为“也许已经做了某事”，多用在肯 5-Are you going to find a job back in your 定句中。 hometown? I may have made a mistake in that regard. -Well,I haven't decided yet.I 我在那一点上可能已经犯了一个错误。 find some other choices. You come late again.You might have got up early (三)“情态动词+have done'”的用法 你又迟到了，你本来可以早一点起床。 l.can have done表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑 》即学即用 和不肯定，通常用在疑问句和否定句中。 完成句子 He cannot have forgotten it. ①从他的口音判断，这个男孩一定来自一个北欧 他不可能忘记的。 国家，比如挪威或芬兰。 2.could have done用来表示推测，意为“可能已 Judging by his accent,the boy 经”，也可以表示“本可以做某事而未做”。 a North European country,such as He wasn't at home last night.He could have Norway or Finland. gone to the movies. ②我找不到我的钱包了。也许我昨天把它落在 他昨晚不在家，可能去看电影了吧。 超市里了，但是我不确定。 The accident could have been avoided. I can't find my purse.I 这场事故本来是可以避免的。 in the supermarket yesterday,but I'm not sure. 3.should/,ought to have done意为“过去该做某 ③你本不必带这么多现金。你知道，那家商店接 事而没有做”，表示说话者后悔、遗憾或责备的 受支票。 语气。 You so much cash with I really regretted wasting the hours when I you.You know that shop accepted checks. should have studied hard,but it was too late. ④孩子们打开信封时一定很兴奋。 我真后悔浪费了本该努力学习的光阴，但已经 The children very excited as 晚了。 they opened the envelope. 4.shouldn't/oughtn't to have done意为“过去不⑤汤姆，你太懒惰了。你本应该昨天就做完这项 该做某事却（已经）做了”，也表示说话者后悔 工作。 Tom,you are too lazy.You ②当我还是孩子时，总是和他一起玩。 the work yesterday. 二、过去将来时 过去将来时表示在过去某一时间看来将要发③上星期天我们本想去游览长城，但却下雨了。 生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用在主句 谓语动词为过去时态的宾语从句中。过去将来时 句子中有时包含时间状语the next day,soon等。 ●语法精练 1.过去将来时的基本构成和用法 过去将来时由“would+动词原形”构成，主要 I.单句语法填空 表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作（尤 1.He said that if it didn't rain he 其用于宾语从句中)。 (go)to the scene. He said he would be here at eight o'clock. 2.He was fifty-six.In two years he 他说他将在八点钟到这里。 (be)fifty-eight. 2.表示过去将来时的其他表达法 3.While her time was limited,she (1)was/were going to+动词原形：该结构有两 help)them with their work. 个主要用法，一是表示过去的打算，二是表示 4.The girl was going cry)loudly if the 在过去看来有迹象表明将要发生某事。 meeting was postponed. I thought it was going to rain 5.The servant said the bus (leave) 我觉得天要下雨了。 at five the next morning. (2)was/were about to+动词原形：表示在过6.I wasn't sure whether he come) 去看来即将要发生的动作，由于本身已含有 to this scene the next morning. “即将”的意味，所以不再与表示具体的将来 7.He didn't know that the experience was 时间的状语连用。 (change)his whole life. I was about to go to bed when the phone rang. 8.The boy was about (open)the door 我刚要上床睡觉这时电话响了。 when someone hugged him tightly. (3)was/were to+动词原形：主要表示过去按 9.No one be more warm-hearted;he 计划或安排要做的事情。 She said she was to get married the next month. has a heart of gold. 她说她下个月要结婚。 10.-I left my handbag on the train,but luckily (4)was/were+现在分词：表示在过去看来即 someone gave it to a railway official. 将发生的动作，通常可用于该结构中的是 -It is beyond belief to get it back!I mean, come,go,leave,arrive,begin,start,stop,close, someone have stolen it. open,die等瞬间动词。 Ⅱ.完成句子 Jack said he was leaving tomorrow 1.你的鞋在明天中午前应该能修好。(should) 杰克说他明天要离开。 》即学即用 翻译句子 2.走了这么长的路，那位老太太现在肯定累了。 ①他一有时间，总会看书。 (must) 112 3.昨天你本不该告诉她事实的真相，不是吗？6.我敢说如果你遵循以上建议，你可以取得更多 shouldn't) 的进步。(dare)》 7.你应该学会控制你自己，这会帮助你避免说你 4.你本来可以做得更好，但你没尽你最大的努 会后悔的话。(ought to) 力。(could/,might) 8.昨天他说他会改正他的坏习惯。（would) 5.说实话，事故可能会发生在任何一个醉酒的司 机身上。(can) 夯基提能作业 请同学们认真完成练案[18 SectionⅢ Listening and Talking, Reading for Writing 自主预习 ①词汇记忆 t.变宽；增长→ ad.大体上；基本上 n.举止；行为方式；方法；[pl.]礼5.normal adj.典型的；正常的；一般的；精神正常 貌；礼仪 的n.常态；通常标准；一般水平→ adm.到旁边；在旁边；留；存 ad.通常；平常；正常地→ ad.反常 3. n.&vi.皱眉 的；异常的 4. ad.其实；实际上；当然；确实 6.willing ad山.愿意；乐意→ ad.欣然 n.故事情节；布局：阴谋 地；乐意地→ n.乐意；心甘情愿→ 6 ad.上面的；上层的；靠上部的 ad.不愿意的；不情愿的；勉强的 7. t.维持；保持；维修；保养 7.permit v.&i.允许；准许；使有可能→ 8 n.谚语；格言；警句 n.准许；许可；批准；许可证 ①词汇拓展 8.external adj.外部的；外面的；外来的→ 1.hesitate vi.犹豫；迟疑；顾虑→ n.踌 adm.外部地；外表上，外形上→ 躇；犹豫；迟疑→ ad.犹豫的 ad山.内部的：体内的 2.eventually ad.最后；终于 ad.最 ⑩词块识记 后的：最终的：结果的 犹豫做某事 3.option n.可选择的事物；选择；选择权→ 2 以一种…的方式：带着 ad山.可选择的；选修的 4.broad adj.宽阔的；广阔的；广泛的→ 副…的样子 指着5.①where/in which②on③behind④The team's victory produced scenes of joy all over the country.5 Doctors and nurses rushed to the scene of the accident to carry out the rescue. 6.①on②with③注意到④地点⑤布满 7.①impatient②patience③with④patiently⑤patiently with patience 8.①was fixing②to say③when④I was walking along the river when I heard someone calling for help. 重点句型 l.①walking②locked③find it difficult to tell one from the other 2.DIt is the teacher's encouragement that has helped me make such great progress.2It is the Summer Palace,the Palace Museum and the Great Wall that attract a large number of tourists from all over the world every year to Beijing.3It was not until I fell ill that I realised the importance of health.People say,"Guilin's scenery is peerless in the world."It was not until I visited the place that I found it really worthy of the reputation. 随堂达标 I.1.plastic 2.apologised/apologized 3.ignored 4.scene 5.bet 6.dared 7.spotted 8.indicate 9.beneath 10.postponed Ⅱ.1.(1)偶尔发生的(2)做作的，虚伪的2.(1)B(2)C (3)A(4)D(5)B(6)A(7)C IlI.1.was sailing 2.was spotted 3.to do 4.when 5.wealthy 6.a 7.but/while 8.argument 9.with 10.opening Section II Discovering Useful Structures 语法精讲 一、（一）2.①Must(②can③could④must 5.①might②shall③shall④should⑤shall 7.①need②dare③dare④will⑤needn't (二)①can't②must③may/might④should⑤may/might (三)①must have come from②may/might have left③needn't have taken 4must have been 5should have finished 二、①Whenever he had time,he would do some reading.②I would play with him when I was a child.3Last Sunday we were going to visit the Great Wall,but it rained. 语法精练 I.1.could have gone 2.would be 3.would help 4.to cry 5.was leaving 6.would come 7.to change 8.to open 9.can/ could 10.might II.1.Your shoes should be mended by tomorrow noon.2.The old lady must be tired after the long walk now.3.You shouldn't have told her the truth yesterday,did you?4.You could/might have done better,but you didn't try your best.5.To be honest,accidents can happen to any drunken driver.6.I dare say that you can make much more progress if you follow the above suggestions.7.You 18 ought to learn to control yourself,which can help you avoid saying what you'll regret.8.Yesterday he said that he would correct his bad habits. Section IlI Listening and Talking, Reading for Writing 自主预习 I.1.manner 2.aside 3.frown 4.indeed 5.plot 6.upper 7.maintain 8.saying II.1.hesitation hesitant 2.eventual 3.optional 4.broaden broadly 5.normally abnormal 6.willingly willingness unwilling 7.permission 8.extemally internal lI.1.hesitate to do sth.2.in a...manner 3.point to 4.would rather 5.judge...by...6.in that case 7.as if 8.take off 9.a wide range of 10.choose from 11.broad smile 12.be willing to do sth. IV.1.holding the bank note in his hand 2.as if looking at something 3.never would I 4.where there is a wide range of to choose from V.1.B2.A3.C 要点探究 核心词汇 l.①was intended②to provide ③had no intention of④with the intention of 2.①over/about②to contact③hesitation④don't hesitate to don't have any hesitation in 3.①in②to offer③manners④in this manner/in this way/by this means/with this method 5bad manners 4.①in②of③As④In no case shall 5.①options②optional③to agree④The Internet increased options of music lovers.5Taking optional courses can enrich our mind. 6.1acquired a broad knowledge of 2 reading increases our knowledge and broadens our horizons/view 7.①to invest②unwilling③willingness④willingly 8.①permission(②smoking(③be permitted④without⑤Give yourself permission to rest when you are tired.6Ill pick you up at the airport if time permits/time permitting. 重点句型 l.①asked what they needed②staying in France ③it is necessary 2.①wil②should③did④I finally got the job I dreamt about. Never had I felt so happy!5Not until he finished his job did he stop to have a rest for a while.6On no account should we give in to difficulties.