内容正文:
高中语法重庆大学版
【专题版】
语法全解
专题版
【专题】特殊结构与综合语法
高中语法专项突破
考频分析
重庆大学版高中英语中,特殊结构与综合语法是重点语法模块,考频占语法总量的15%左右,贯
穿试卷所有核心题型:单项选择3-4题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-4题、书面表达核心考察直
接影响句子结构复杂性与表达多样性。在语境综合类题目中,特殊句式的转换、固定搭配及语法知
识的交叉运用往往是解题关键。
考查内容
主谓一致是高中英语语法的重要模块,考频占语法总量的10%左右,贯穿试卷多个核心题型:单
项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、书面表达(核心考察,直接影响句子
致性与准确性)。在语境理解类题目中,主谓一致的语法规则及特殊用法往往是解题关键。
知识点一:主谓一致
1.高中英语对主谓一致的考察聚焦三大维度:
·语法规则理解:语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则的核心内涵与判定依据
·常见结构应用:集合名词、不定代词、并列主语、分数/百分数修饰名词作主语时的主谓一致规
则
·特殊句式掌握:there be句型、强调句、定语从句中关系代词作主语时的主谓一致用法
知识点二:非谓语动词
1.动词不定式(t0+动词原形,有时省略to):
。基本结构:to+动词原形(否定式:not to+动词原形):省去to的情况:情态动词后(can,my,
must等)、使役动词后(let,make,have)、感官动词后(see,hear,watch等)
。功能及例句:
1.作主语:To learn English well is important.(学好英语很重要)
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高中语法重庆大学版
【专题版】
语法全解
2.作宾语:She wants to go shopping.(她想去购物)
3.作宾补:My mother asks me to clean the room.(妈妈让我打扫房间)
4.作状语(目的):He gets up early to catch the bus.(他早起去赶公交车)
2.动名词(动词+ing,具有名词性质):
。基本结构:动词原形+ing(否定式:not+动名词)
·功能及例句:
1.作主语:Swimming is good for health.(游泳有益健康)
2.作宾语:I enjoy reading books.(我喜欢读书)
3.作表语:His hobby is collecting stamps..(他的爱好是集邮)
4.作定语:a reading room(阅览室)
3.分词(现在分词doing/过去分词done):
·现在分词(主动、进行):
1.作定语:a running boy(一个正在跑步的男孩)
2.作状语(表伴随):He sat there,reading a newspaper..(他坐在那里看报纸)
3.作宾补:I saw her dancing in the park.(我看见她在公园里跳舞)
。过去分词(被动、完成):
1.作定语:a broken cup(一个破碎的杯子)
2.作状语(表被动):Seen from the hill,the city looks beautiful..(从山上看,这座城市很美)
3.作宾补:I found the door locked.(我发现门被锁了)
知识点三:特殊句式与固定结构
1.倒装句:
·基础结构拓展(中考必背):
l.So+助动词/情态动词+主语(…也一样)→例句:He likes English,and so do I.
2.Neither/Nor+助动词/情态动词+主语(…也不)→例句:She can’tswim,and neither can
I.
3.Here/There+动词+主语(这里/那里有…)一→例句:Here comes the bus.
·特殊用法(中考易错):
1.Only+状语+倒装(只有…才)→例句:Only in this way can we solve the problem.
2.Not only..but also.倒装(不仅…而且…)一→例句:Not only does he speak English,but
also he speaks French.
2.强调句:
●基础结构(中考核心):
高中语法重庆大学版
【专题版】
语法全解
l.Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他→例句:It was Tom who helped me yesterday.
2.Itis/was+时间状语+that+其他→例句:It was in2020 that I graduated from high school.
3.祈使句与感叹句:
。祈使句(中考高频):
l.Do型(动词原形开头)→例句:Open the door,please.
2.Be型(Be+形容词/名词)→例句:Be carefi业
3.Let型(Let+宾语+动词原形)→例句:Let's go shopping
。感叹句(中考必背):
l.What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+(主语+谓语)!例句:What a beautiful day it is!
2.How+形容词/副词+(主语+谓语)!→例句:How fast he runs!
4.反意疑问句:
。基础规则(中考易错):
1.前肯后否→例句:You like English,don'tyou?
2.前否后肯→例句:He doesn't study hard,does he'?
3.祈使句反意疑问一→例句:Open the window,will you??
4.Let's开头→例句:Let'sgo,shall we?
考法精析
考法一:主谓一致的特殊情况
1.特殊主语的单复数规则:
。不定代词作主语(each/every/no one/someone等)→谓语单数
例句:Everyone in the class likes English.(everyone表单数,谓语用likes)
·复数形式名词表单数意义(mnaths/physics/news等)→谓语单数
例句:Physics is my favorite subject..(physics表单数学科,谓语用is)
。”the+形容词’表一类人→谓语复数:表抽象概念→谓语单数
例句:(I)The old are taken good care of here.(the old表“老年人”,谓语用are)(2)The beautiful
is always admired.(the beautiful表“美”,谓语用is)
2.数量概念相关的主谓一致:
·分数/百分数+o+名词→谓语单复数随名词变化
例句:(I)Two thirds of the water is polluted.(water为不可数名词,谓语用is)(2)Half of the students
are girls.(students为复数,谓语用are)
●”a number of+复数名词”→谓语复数:”the number of+复数名词'→谓语单数
例句:(I)A number of birds are singing in the tree..(a number of表“许多”,谓语用are)(2)The
number of books in the library is5000.(the number of表“.…的数量”,谓语用is)
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高中语法重庆大学版
【专题版】
语法全解
。”more than one+单数名词→谓语单数:”one more+-复数名词”→谓语复数
例句:(I)More than one student has passed the exam.(more than one表“不止一个”,谓语用has)
(2)One more days are needed to finish the work.(one more表“额外的”,days为复数,谓语用are)
3.并列结构的主谓一致:
。主语由d连接:表并列个体→谓语复数;表同一概念→谓语单数
例句:(I)Bread and milk are my breakfast.(面包和牛奶为并列个体,谓语用are)(2)A knife and
fork is used to eat steak.(刀叉为同一餐具,谓语用is)
·"with/along with/.together with”连接两个主语→谓语单复数随前面主语变化
例句:Tom,along with his friends,.is playing football.(主语为Tom,along with后接伴随成分,谓
语用is)
●”as well as'”连接两个主语→谓语单复数随前面主语变化
例句:She as well as her classmates likes music.(主语为she,as well as后接附加成分,谓语用
likes)
考法二:主谓一致基本规则应用
核心:依据语法一致、意义一致或就近一致原则,判断主语单复数与谓语形式的匹配
真题1(语法填空):
The family-(watch)TV when I arrived home yesterday.
答案:were watching
解析:family在此处表“家人”这一集体中的成员,根据意义一致原则,谓语用复数;由“when I
arrived”可知动作正在进行,故用过去进行时were watching。
真题2(单项选择):
Neither the students nor their teacher_late for class this morning.
A.was B.were C.is D.are
答案:A
解析:主语由“neither..nor.”连接,遵循就近一致原则,最近主语“their teacher”为单数:由时间
标志词“this morning”可知动作发生在过去,用一般过去时was。
考法三:非谓语动词与主谓一致在复合句中的综合应用
核心:结合非谓语动词的功能判断逻辑主语,依据主谓一致原则确定谓语动词单复数形式,重点考
察分词作状语时的逻辑主语一致性及定语从句中关系代词作主语时的主谓一致规则。
真题1(单项选择):
-carefully,the group of students_different opinions on the topic.
A.Listening;has B.Listened,have C.Listening;have D.Listened;has
答案:C
解析:第一空为现在分词短语作状语,逻辑主语是“the group of students”,与“listen”为主动关系,
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高中语法重庆大学版
【专题版】
语法全解
用listening:第二空主语为“the group of students”,强调个体成员,谓语动词用复数have,符合意
义一致原则。
真题2(语法填空):
The girl(read)under the tree is my sister.Her favorite books_(be)novels by Mo Yan.
答案:reading;arre
解析:第一空为现在分词作定语,修饰“the girl”,表主动进行,用reading;第二空主语“books”
为复数名词,谓语动词用are,符合语法一致原则。
解题小妙招
主谓一致三原则,语法意义就近看:
语法一致单对单,复数主语复数现:
意义一致看内涵,集体名词分两观:
就近原则有标志,or,nor,neither nor,not only but also;
非谓作主视为单,动名短语不可变:
and连接两主语,复数谓语常相伴;
each every后跟名,单数谓语莫错乱:
另有分数百分数,of后名词是关键。
真题演练
真题1(单项选择):
Not only the students but also their teacher-interested in watching the movie-by the famous director
last year.
A.are;directed B.is;directed C.are;directing D.is;directing
答案:B
解析:第一空根据就近一致原则,”not only..but also.”连接主语时谓语随最近主语'their teacher'”(单
数)变化,用is;第二空”movie'”与direct'为被动关系,用过去分词directed作后置定语表被动完
成。
真题2(语法填空):
To learn English well,practicing-(speak)every day-(be)necessary for students who want to improve
their language skills
答案:speaking;is
解析:第一空”practice'”后接动名词作宾语,用speaking;第二空主语为”practicing speaking every day”
(动名词短语表抽象概念),谓语用单数S,符合语法一致原则。
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高中语法重庆大学版
【专题版】
语法全解
答案区
考法二:真题l:were watching真题2:A
考法三:真题l:C真题2:reading;are
真题演练:真题l:B真题2:speaking,is
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