内容正文:
高中重庆大学版
【语法专版】
A版知识点全解
语法专版
【专题】句法
重庆大学版高中英语语法全解
考频分析
重庆大学版高中语法中,句法是重点语法模块,考频占语法总量的30%左右,贯穿试卷所有核心
题型:单项选择5-7题、完形填空4-6题、语法填空3-5题、书面表达核心考察直接影响句子结构
与逻辑连贯性。在语境理解类题目中,句法的句子类型、从句引导词及语序往往是解题关键。
考查内容
状语从句是高中英语语法的重要模块,考频占语法总量的15%左右,贯穿试卷多个核心题型:单
项选择3-4题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题、阅读理解(辅助理解长难句)、书面表达(提升
句式复杂度与逻辑性)。在语境理解类题目中,状语从句的连接词辨析、时态呼应及逻辑关系判断
往往是解题关键。
知识点一:状语从句核心考点
高中对状语从句的考察聚焦三大维度
1.从句类型识别:
·时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、让步状语从句
。目的状语从句、结果状语从句、方式状语从句、地点状语从句的引导词辨析
2.引导词功能运用:
●when、while、if、unless、because、though、so that、such.that、as、where等引导词的语义匹配
·语法规则应用
3.主从句逻辑关系:
·时态呼应(如主将从现)
·语气表达(如虚拟语气在条件句中的应用)
。上下文语境中的逻辑连贯
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高中重庆大学版
【语法专版】
A版知识点全解
知识点二:非谓语动词的基本用法
1.动词不定式(to+动词原形,表目的、将来、主动)
1.基本功能及用法:
。作主语:To learn English well is important.(it作形式主语时:It is important to learn English well.)
。作宾语:She wants to go shopping this afternoon
●作宾语补足语:My mother asks me to finish homework first,
●作目的状语:He came here to see his uncle.
●作表语:Her dream is to be a doctor.
2.否定形式:在to前加not,如:He decided not to attend the meeting
3.常见固定搭配:want to do,.hope to do,plan to do,try to do,need to do,learn to do
2.动名词(动词ig形式,表主动、习惯性动作或抽象概念)
1.基本功能及用法:
。作主语:Swimming is good for health
●作宾语:I enjoy reading books in my free time.
。作表语:His hobby is collecting stamps.
●作定语:a reading room(表用途)
2.否定形式:在动名词前加not,如:He apologized for not coming on time.
3.常见固定搭配:enjoy doing,finish doing,practice doing,mind doing,avoid doing,keep doing
3.现在分词(动词ig形式,表主动、进行;作定语、状语、补语)
1.基本用法:
。作定语(前置):a running boy(表主动、进行)
·作定语(后置):the girl singing in the room
。作状语(表伴随):She sat on the chair reading a newspaper,
。作宾语补足语:I saw him playing basketball on the playground,
2.与逻辑主语的关系:与所修饰词或句子主语是主动关系,如:The rising sun looks beautiful,
4.过去分词(动词过去分词形式,表被动、完成;作定语、状语、补语)
1.基本用法:
。作定语(前置):a broken cup(表完成)
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高中重庆大学版
【语法专版】
A版知识点全解
·作定语(后置):the book written by Lu Xun(表被动)
。作状语(表被动):Seen from the top of the hill,.the city looks more beautiful.
。作宾语补足语:I found the door locked when I came back.
2.与逻辑主语的关系:与所修饰词或句子主语是被动关系,如:The fallen leaves are everywhere in autumn
知识点三:句法基础
1.句子成分
1.主语(动作的发出者)→例句:She likes English,
2.谓语(表示动作或状态)→例句:He runs fast.
3.宾语(动作的承受者)→例句:I love music.
4.定语(修饰名词/代词)一例句:The red apple is sweet.
5.状语(修饰动词/形容词/副词)→例句:She sings beautifully
6.表语(系动词后说明主语)→例句:He is a student.
7.宾语补足语(补充说明宾语)一→例句:We call her Lucy.
2.基本句型
1.主谓(S+V)→例句:The sun rises.
2.主谓宾(S+V+O)→例句:She eats an apple
3.主系表(S+LinkV+P)→例句:They are happy.
4.主谓双宾(S+V+IO+DO)→例句:He gave me a book.
5.主谓宾宾补(S+V+O+OC)→例句:I found the story interesting.
3.句子类型
l.陈述句(肯定/否定)→例句:He studies hard./She doesn't like coffee
2.疑问句(一般/特殊/选择/反意)→例句:Do you like English?/What time is it?/Is she happy or sad?
You are a student,aren't you?
3.祈使句(肯定/否定)→例句:Open the door./Don't run in the hall.
4.感叹句(what/how引导)→例句:What a beautiful day!/How fast he runs!
考法精析
考法一:状语从句的省略与替代
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高中重庆大学版
【语法专版】
A版知识点全解
1.时间/条件状语从句的省略(主从句主语一致或t作主语):
·省略主语+be动词(从句谓语含be时)
例句:While(she was)reading,she heard a noise.
·省略it+be动词(it作主语时)
例句:If(itis)necessary,.I will call you
·常见引导词适用:when/while/as/if/unless/though
例句:Unless(you are)invited,you shouldn't come in
2.比较状语从句的替代(避免重复):
。s0替代前文肯定内容(用于肯定句)
例句:He likes English,and so do I.
·neither/nor替代前文否定内容(用于否定句)
例句:She can't swim,and neither can he
●hat/hose替代前文名词
例句:The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai..
3.状语从句与非谓语动词的转换:
·时间/条件从句一→现在分词(主动关系)
原句:When she saw the cat,she stopped,
转换:Seeing the cat,.she stopped,
。时间/条件从句→过去分词(被动关系)
原句:If it is heated,ice will melt.
转换:Heated,.ice will melt.
·原因从句→分词短语
原句:Because he was ill,.he didn't go to school.
转换:Being ill,he didn't go to school.
4.高频易混结构对比:
。when vs while(时间状语从句动作特点)
延续性动词:While I was reading,the phone rang.
短暂性动词:When the phone rang,I was reading
·if vs whether(条件/疑问对比)
条件状语:If it rains,.we'll cancel the trip,
宾语从句:Idon't know whether it will rain.
·as if vs like(方式状语引导词区分)
as if从句:He acts as if he were a king
like+名词:He acts like a king
考法二:引导词辨析
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高中重庆大学版
【语法专版】
A版知识点全解
核心:根据从句与主句的逻辑关系(时间、条件、让步等),选择正确的状语从句引导词
真题1(语法填空):
She didn't go to school she was ill.
答案:because
解析:从句'she was ill'”是主句'didn't go to school''的原因,用because引导原因状语从句,表直接
原因。
真题2(完形填空):
-it rained heavily,we still finished the work on time.
A.Because B.Although C.If D.So
答案:B
解析:”rained heavily”与'finished the work'存在让步关系,意为”尽管雨下得大,仍按时完成”,用
although引导让步状语从句,且不能与but连用。
考法三:状语从句与非谓语动词的综合辨析及时态呼应
核心:区分状语从句与非谓语动词作状语的用法,结合时态呼应原则判断逻辑关系
真题1(单项选择):
-the rain stopped,we decided to go out for a walk.
A.When B.Stopping C.If D.To stop
答案:A
解析:此处需要引导时间状语从句的连词,”When”符合句意”当雨停了的时候';B项Stopping'”为
现在分词,逻辑主语we与stop为主动关系,但此处强调时间点而非伴随;C项If'表条件不符合
语境:D项To stop”表目的,与句意不符。
真题2(语法填空):
He walked slowly as if he_(hurt)his leg.He had to take a rest.
答案:had hurt
解析:asif引导方式状语从句表与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,从句用过去完成时:主句'walked”为
过去时,had hurt”表示”(过去)好像之前伤到了腿”,符合虚拟语气时态规则;此处不可用非谓语
动词,因需要体现完整的动作逻辑。
解题小妙招
引导词辨析妙招
逻辑关系是核心,时间条件让步分:
because表因so果连,though让步but不现:
if条件unless反,when时间while延。
省略规则妙招
主从主语同,或有it当家:
高中重庆大学版
【语法专版】
A版知识点全解
be动词藏其后,省略主语be不差:
时间条件让步状,分词形式常留下:
补充完整看主语,主动doing被动done。
综合应用妙招
从句类型先判断,引导词汇记心间:
时态呼应要注意,主将从现条件见:
目的结果so that连,不定式to也能换:
though虽转stil伴,转换省略灵活变。
真题演练
演练一:单项选择
1.the sun was shining,it wasn't very warm.We still needed to wear coats.
A.Because B.If C.Though D.So that
答案:C
2.She left early_(arrive)on time,but her car broke down on the way.
答案:to arrive
演练二:语法填空
1.He didn't go to schoolhe was ill
答案:because
2.it rained heavily,we still finished the work on time.
答案:Although
答案区
演练一:1.C2.to arrive
演练二:1.beca1se2.Although
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