句法3-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（重大版）

高中语法重庆大学版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 【专题】句法（含定语从句与非谓语动词） 语法专项突破 考频分析 高中重庆大学版中，句法是重点语法模块，考频占语法总量的30%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心题型： 单项选择3-4题、完形填空4-5题、语法填空3-4题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响句子结构合理 性与表意清晰性。在语境理解类题目中，句法的句子类型、从句引导词及语序往往是解题关键。 考查内容 定语从句是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷多个核心题型：单 项选择3-4题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-3题、阅读理解（辅助理解长难句）、书面表达（提升 句式复杂度与逻辑性)。在语境理解和语法应用类题目中，定语从句的关系代词/副词选择、限定性 与非限定性用法及与先行词的匹配往往是解题关键。 知识点一：定语从句 高中对定语从句的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： 1.关系词选用：关系代词(that、which、who、whom、whose)与关系副词(when、where、.why)的 指代对象及句法功能辨析： 2.限定性与非限定性定语从句：结构特征（逗号使用）、语义差异及关系代词at的使用限制： 3.特殊用法： ·“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选择依据 。as引导定语从句的固定搭配(such.as、the same..as)及与which的区别 。先行词为way、time等时的关系词省略规则 知识点二：非谓语动词 非谓语动词的三种形式及用法 高中语法重庆大学版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 1.动词不定式(todo)(表目的、将来、未完成) ·基本功能：作主语（常用t作形式主语）、宾语、表语、定语、状语（目的/结果） 。结构：to+动词原形（否定式：not to+动词原形） 。例句： 1.To learn English well is important..(作主语)→It is important to learn English well.(it作形式 主语) 2.He wants to buy a new bike.（作宾语，want to do sth.) 3.Her dream is to be a doctor.(作表语) 4.I have a lot of homework to do.(作定语，修饰homework) 5.She got up early to catch the first bus..(作目的状语) 2.动名词(doing)(表主动、进行、抽象概念) ·基本功能：作主语、宾语、表语、定语 。结构：动词原形+ing(否定式：not+doing) ·例句： 1.Swimming is good for health.(作主语) 2.He enjoys playing football..(作宾语，enjoy doing sth.) 3.Her hobby is singing.(作表语) 4.We have a reading room in our school.(作定语，修饰room) 3.现在分词(doing)与过去分词(done)(表主动/被动、进行/完成) 。现在分词(doing):主动关系、动作进行 1.作定语：The girl singing in the room is my sister.(girl与sing是主动关系，动作正在进行) 2.作状语：Walking in the park,she met an old friend.(she与walk是主动关系) ·过去分词(done):被动关系、动作完成 l.作定语：The broken window was repaired yesterday..(window与break是被动关系，动作已完 成) 2.作状语：Seen from the hill,the city looks beautiful..(city与see是被动关系) 知识点三：句法 1.句子成分 1.主语（动作的发出者）→例句：She likes English.(She是主语) 2.谓语（表示动作或状态）→例句：He runs fast.(uns是谓语) 3.宾语（动作的承受者）→例句：I love music..(music是宾语) 4.定语（修饰名词/代词）→例句：The red apple is sweet.(red是定语) 高中语法重庆大学版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 5.状语（修饰动词/形容词/副词）→例句：She sings happily..(happily是状语) 6.表语（系动词后说明主语特征）→例句：He is a student.(student是表语) 7.宾语补足语（补充说明宾语）→例句：We call her Lily.(Lily是宾语补足语) 2.简单句基本句型 1.主谓(S+V)→例句：Birds fly 2.主谓宾(S+V+O)→例句：She eats apples 3.主系表(S+LinkV+P)→例句：The flower is beautiful. 4.主谓双宾(S+V+IO+DO)→例句：He gave me a book.(me间接宾语，a book直接宾语) 5.主谓宾宾补(S+V+O+C)→例句：We keep the room clean.(clean是宾语补足语) 3.并列句与复合句 1.并列句： ●and(和)→例句：I like coffee and she likes tea. ·but(但是)→例句：He is young but he works hard. ·or(或者)→例句：Hurry up or you will be late. 2.复合句（状语从句）： 。if(如果，引导条件状语从句)→例句：If it rains,we will stay at home. 。because(因为，引导原因状语从句)→例句：I didn't go out because I was ill. ·when（当…时，叼引导时间状语从句)→例句：I was reading when he came in. 考法精析 考法一：定语从句的进阶应用及高考难点 1.介词+关系代词的结构与用法 ·指人：介词+whom(不可用that)→例句：The girl with whom I talked yesterday is my cousin.(= The girl who/whom I talked with yesterday...) 。指物：介词+which(不可用that)→例句：This is the house in which I lived for ten years.(=This is the house which I lived in for ten years...) 。固定搭配中介词前置：→例句：He is the person on whom you can depend.(depend on为固定短 语，介词on提前) 。介词+whose+名词：→例句：I met a boy,in whose hand there was a book.(=I met a boy whose hand had a book in it. 3 高中语法重庆大学版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 2.关系代词as的特殊用法 。such..as.(像…这样的)→例句：This is such a difficult problem as nobody can solve.(as引导 定语从句，指代problem) ●the same..as.(与…相同的)→例句：I bought the same dictionary as you have.(as引导定语 从句，指代dictionary) ·as引导非限制性定语从句（指代整个主句）→例句：As we all know,the earth is round.(as译为” 正如”，可置于句首) ●which与as的区别：→例句：He failed the exam,which made his parents angry.(which指代主句， 不可置于句首) 3.先行词为wy时的关系词选择 。way+that(不作成分)→例句：Idon't like the way that he speaks to his mother. ·way+in which(作状语)→例句：This is the way in which I learned English ·way+省略关系词→例句：Do you know the way she solved the problem? ·错误表达警示：→不可用how引导：The way how he did it is wrong.(应改为that/in which/省略) 4.先行词为时间/地点时关系词的判断方法 。时间先行词：从句缺状语用when,缺宾语用that/which→例句：I'll never forget the day when we first met..(when作时间状语)：I'll never forget the day(that)we spent together..(that作spent的宾 语) ●地点先行词：从句缺状语用where,缺宾语用that/which→例句：This is the factory where my father works.(where作地点状语)；This is the factory(hat)we visited last year.(that作visited的宾语) 5.高考真题改编填空题（语法填空/短文改错常考） 1.I will never forget the dayI joined the Communist Youth League.(when/on which) 2.He wrote a letter,,_he explained what had happened.(答案：in which) 3.This is the best film_I have ever seen.(答案：that) 4.The reason_he gave for being late was unacceptable.(答案：that/which/不填) 5.As is known to all,the Great Wall is one of the wonders_attract millions of visitors.(that/which) 考法二：关系代词的省略规则 核心：在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略 真题1（语法填空）：The book一I borrowed from the library yesterday is very interesting.答案：不 填解析：先行词为“book”,关系代词在从句中作borrowed的宾语，符合省略规则，故可省略 that/which。 真题2（完形填空）：This is the story一my grandmother told me when I was a child. A who B which Cwhose Dwhen 答案：B解析：先行词“story”为物，关系代词在从句中作told的宾语，可用which或that,选 4 高中语法重庆大学版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 项中只有B符合：此处也可省略关系代词，但选项中无“不填”，故选择B。 考法三：定语从句与非谓语动词作定语的辨析及综合应用 核心：区分定语从句（含关系词及句法功能）与非谓语动词（现在分词、过去分词、不定式）作定 语的用法，判断先行词与定语成分的逻辑关系及动作时态。 真题1（单项选择)：The girl_in the classroom is my best friend..She likes reading books_byMo Yan. A.reading written B.reads wrote C.read writing D.to read writes 答案：A解析：第一空需用非谓语动词作定语，girl与read是主动关系且动作正在进行，用现在 分词reading;第二空books与wite是被动关系，用过去分词written表“被写”。若第一空用定语 从句应为who is reading,第二空用which//that were written,此处需用非谓语简化结构。 真题2（语法填空）：I still remember the day一we first met.We talked about a story一(tel)by our teacher,and the girl_(sit)next to me shared her ideas actively. 答案：when told sitting解析：第一空先行词day表时间，定语从句中不缺主语/宾语，用关系 副词when;第二空stoy与tell是被动关系，用过去分词told作定语；第三空girl与sit是主动关系 且动作正在进行，用现在分词sitting作定语。若第二空用定语从句应为that/which was told,第三空 用who was sitting,此处需用非谓语简化。 解题小妙招 定语从句关系词综合判断与特殊结构应用 核心：结合先行词类型、从句成分及特殊结构（如介词+关系代词、s的固定搭配），综合判断定 语从句的关系词 真题1（单项选择）：We are living in an age_many things are done on computer, A.which B.that C.whose D.when 答案：D解析：先行词为”age”(时代)，指时间，从句'many things are done on computer'”主干完 整，缺时间状语，故用关系副词when。 真题2（语法填空)：The house_windows were damaged in the storm belongs to.Smith, 答案：whose解析：先行词为house”,从句中windows”与先行词存在所属关系（房子的窗户）， 关系代词whose在从句中作定语，修饰windows,表”…的”。 定语从句解题妙招 关系代词省不省，限制从句宾看明： 先行词后定从辨，成分作用是关键： 人作主语用who,宾语whom可省略： 物作主语which that,宾语省略也常见： the only最高级，先行词前that站； 非限逗号隔开看，that不用记心间： 高中语法重庆大学版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 先行指时when来连，指地where在句前： whose表所属，名词之前作定语： 介词加代要注意，代指物用which: as用在固定搭配，综合判断不犯难。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择 1.The classroom_every day.It looks very tidy. A.clean B.cleans C.is cleaned D.was cleaned 答案：C 2.Anew bridge_last year. A.build B.was built C.will be built D.is building 答案：B 3.We are living in an age-many things are done on computer A.which B.that C.whose D.when 答案：D 演练二：语法填空 1.The door(open)by my brother every morning 答案：is opened 2.Many trees_(plant)last year. 答案：were planted 3.I will never forget the day_I joined the club. 答案：when/on which 答案区 演练-：1.C2.B3.D 演练二：1.is opened2.were planted3.when/on which 6