内容正文:
高中语法重庆大学版
【语法全解】
句法专题
语法专版
【专题】句法(名词性从句与定语从句)
高中语法专项突破
考频分析
重庆大学版高中语法中,句法是重点语法模块,考频占句法总量的30%左右,贯穿试卷所有核心题
型:单项选择3-4题、完形填空4-5题、语法填空3-4题、书面表达核心考察,直接影响句子结构的
合理性与逻辑性。在语境理解类题目中,从句的引导词、句子的语序及句式转换往往是解题关键。
考查内容
。名词性从句:考频占语法总量的15%左右,主要分布在核心题型中:单项选择2-3题、完形填空
1-2题、语法填空1-2题、阅读理解(长难句分析关键)、书面表达(提升句式多样性与复杂性)。在
语法填空和书面表达中,连接词的选择及从句语序往往是考察重点。
知识点一:名词性从句
高中对名词性从句的考察聚焦三大维度
1.从句类型辨析:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句的功能识别与引导词选用(that、whether、.
f及连接代词/副词)
2.引导词使用规则:
。连接词that的省略条件
。whether与if的用法差异
。连接代词(what、which、who等)与连接副词(when、where、.why、how)的句法功能
3.语序与时态一致:
。名词性从句的陈述语序要求
·主从句时态呼应规则(如主句为过去时,从句用相应过去时态)
知识点二:从句的分类与用法
1.宾语从句(在主句中作宾语,常跟在动词、介词后)
高中语法重庆大学版
【语法全解】
句法专题
1.连接词:
·ht(无意义,可省略,陈述句变宾语从句时用)
。if/whether(是否,一般疑问句变宾语从句时用)
·what/who/where/when/why/how(特殊疑问词,特殊疑问句变宾语从句时用)
2.语序规则:宾语从句必须用陈述句语序(主语在前,谓语在后)
3.例句:
1.She says(that)she likes reading.(陈述句变宾语从句,that可省略,从句用陈述句语序)
2.Idon't know if he will come tomorrow.(一般疑问句变宾语从句,用f,从句用陈述句语序will
he→he will)
3.He asked me where I bought the book.(特殊疑问句变宾语从句,用where,从句用陈述句语序
did you buy-you bought)
2.定语从句(修饰名词或代词,作定语,常跟在先行词后)
1.关系代词:
。that(指人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略)
·which(指物,在从句中作主语或宾语)
·who(指人,在从句中作主语)
●whom(指人,在从句中作宾语)
2.关系副词:
·where(指地点,在从句中作地点状语)
·when(指时间,在从句中作时间状语)
●why(指原因,在从句中作原因状语,先行词常为reason)
3.例句:
1.This is the book that/which I bought yesterday.(先行词book指物,关系代词that/which在从句中
作宾语,可省略)
2.The girl who is standing there is my sister.(先行词girl指人,关系代词who在从句中作主语,不
可省略)
3.I still remember the day when we first met.(先行词day指时间,关系副词when在从句中作时间
状语)
3.状语从句(修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词,作状语)
1.时间状语从句(常用引导词:when,while,as,before,.after,.until,.since)
例句:I was doing homework when my mother came back.
高中语法重庆大学版
【语法全解】
句法专题
2.条件状语从句(常用引导词:if,nless)
例句:If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home.
3.原因状语从句(常用引导词:because,since,as)
例句:He didn't go to school because he was ill,
4.结果状语从句(常用引导词:s0.that.,such...that.)
例句:She is so kind that everyone likes her.
知识点三:定语从句详解
1.关系代词引导的定语从句(高频核心)
1.who(指人,作主语/宾语)一例句:The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister..(作主语)
2.whom(指人,作宾语,可省略)一→例句:The teacher whom we met yesterday will teach us math.(作
宾语)
3.which(指物,作主语/宾语)→例句:This is the book which I bought last week.(作宾语)
4.that(指人/物,作主语/宾语,先行词含不定代词时必用)→例句:Everything that he said is true.(指
物,先行词为不定代词)
5.whose(指人/物,作定语)→例句:This is the boy whose father is a doctor.(指人,作定语)
2.关系副词引导的定语从句
l.where(指地点,作状语)→例句:This is the school where I studied three years ago.
2.when(指时间,作状语)→例句:I still remember the day when we first met..
3.why(指原因,先行词为reason时用)一例句:Tell me the reason why you were late.
3.定语从句的省略规则(中考易错)
1.关系代词作宾语时可省略一例句:The film(which/that)we saw last night was very interesting.
2.先行词为way且在从句中作方式状语时,可用that/in which或省略→例句:Idon't like the way
(that/in which)he speaks to his mother
3.先行词被the only/the very修饰时,关系代词只能用that→例句:He is the only student that can solve
this problem.
考法精析
考法一:名词性从句的常见错误及修正
高中语法重庆大学版
【语法全解】
句法专题
1.语序错误(高频易错)
典型错误:I don't know what is his name.(误,疑间句语序)
正确表达:I don't know what his name is.(正,陈述语序)
修正规则:所有名词性从句需用”连接词+主语+谓语”的陈述语序,不可保留疑问句式。
拓展练习:将下列句子改为正确语序
(1)Could you tell me where does she live?-Could you tell me where she lives?
(2)What did he say is not important.-What he said is not important.
2.连接词误用(语法难点)
(I)that与what混淆
错误:He always helps whoever needs help.(误,此处需表'所…的人”)
正确:He always helps whoever needs help.(正,whoever-=anyone who,表泛指)
对比:What he needs is a good rest..(what作needs的宾语,表”所…的事物')
(2)if与whether误用
错误:If he will come depends on the weather..(误,if不可引导主语从句)
正确:Whether he will come depends on the weather..(正,whether可用于所有名词性从句)
必记规则:if仅用于宾语从句,表'是否”;whether可用于主语/宾语/表语/同位语从句,且可与or
not连用(whether-…or not)。
3.成分冗余或缺失(基础失分点)
(1)多引导词
错误:The news that when he arrived surprised us..(误,that与when重复)
正确:The news when he arrived surprised us.(正,when引导同位语从句解释news)
(2)缺连接词
错误:I believe he will succeed.(误,宾语从句that可省略,但引导词不可完全缺失)
正确:I believe(hat)he will succeed.(正,that可省略但逻辑上存在)
考法二:连接词辨析与选择
核心:根据名词性从句的类型及从句中缺少的成分(主语、宾语、状语等),选择恰当的连接词(连
接代词、连接副词或从属连词)
真题1(语法填空):
he will attend the meeting tomorrow is not yet decided.
答案:Whether
解析:从句位于句首充当主语,表“是否”含义,需用whether引导主语从句:if不可用于引导主
语从句。
4
高中语法重庆大学版
【语法全解】
句法专题
真题2(完形填空):
She always helps
needs assistance in our class.
A.who B.whom C.whoever D.whomever
答案:C
解析:从句中缺少主语,且表示“任何需要帮助的人”,应用whoever(=anyone who)引导宾语从
句:who仅指“谁”,无泛指含义,whom/whomever作宾语,均不符合语境。
考法三:名词性从句与定语从句的综合辨析
核心:区分名词性从句(主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句)与定语从句的句法功能,掌握连接词/关
系词的选用规则及语序要求。
真题1(单项选择):
The news
our team won the game surprised everyone
A.that B.which C.what D.where
答案:A
解析:空格后“our team won the game'”是对“news”内容的解释说明,为同位语从句(名词性从
句的一种),从句成分完整,用从属连词hat连接,hat无词义且不可省略。which引导定语从句需
在从句中作成分,what不用于同位语从句,where表地点,均不符合。
真题2(语法填空):
I don't know the reason
she was late for school yesterday.Can you tell mehappened to her?
答案:why;what
解析:第一空后“she was late for school'”修饰先行词“reason”,为定语从句,先行词表原因且从句
缺少原因状语,用关系副词wy:第二空引导宾语从句(名词性从句),从句缺少主语且表“事物”,
用连接代词what。
解题小妙招
名词性从句四类型,主宾表同要分明:
连接词类三区分,代副连词各不同:
连接代词作成分,主宾表定用它们:
连接副词表状位,时间地点因方式:
从属连词不成分,that无义if是否;
主语从句置句首,whether引导不用f:
宾语从句要注意,陈述语序是必须:
疑问语序需调整,连接词后主谓齐:
表语同位同此理,语序连接要牢记:
综合运用看语境,成分语序细分析。
高中语法重庆大学版
【语法全解】
句法专题
真题演练
演练一:语法填空(共5题)
1.we will go for a picnic tomorrow depends on the weather
2.The teacher asked the students_they had finished their homework
3.He told me the fact he had passed the exam.
4.Could you please tell me-the nearest post office is?
5.The problem is-we can solve it in such a short time.
答案区
演练一:1.Whether2.if/whether3.that4.where5.how
6