基础动词用法3-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（重大版）

高中语法重庆大学版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 语法专版 基础动词用法 高中语法全解 考频分析 重庆大学版高中英语中，基础动词用法是重点语法模块，考频占词法总量的20%左右，贯穿试卷 所有核心题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空3-4题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达核心考察，直接影 响句子完整性与准确性。在语境理解类题目中，动词的时态、语态及词义辨析往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·情态动词系统讲解：考频占语法总量的8%左右，涉及试卷多种题型：单项选择1-2题、完形填空 2-3题、语法填空1-2题、书面表达（核心考察，直接影响语气表达与语境适配)。在语境理解类题 目中，情态动词的语气辨析、时态搭配及情景应用往往是解题关键。 知识点一：情态动词核心维度 1.基本词义辨析 1.核心语义与语气对比： can/could,may/might,must/have to,will/would,shall/should,need/dare ●语气强弱对比：must>should>can>may>night/could 2.推测用法 ·情态动词+动词原形：对现在情况的推测 ·情态动词+进行式：对正在进行动作的推测 ·情态动词+完成式：对过去情况的推测 。肯定推测(must)、否定推测(can't)、可能性推测(may/might/could) 3.特殊句式应用： 。疑问句用法：shall用于第一人称征求意见 。情态动词+have done:对过去情况的虚拟或责备语气 高中语法重庆大学版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 。被动语态结构：must be done,should have been done等 知识点二：动词的时态和语态综合应用 1.时态辨析与时间标志词匹配 1.现在完成时vs一般过去时： ·现在完成时：强调影响或持续，标志词：already,yet,for+时间段，since+时间点 。例句：She has lived in Beijing for 10 years.(持续到现在) 。一般过去时：仅表过去动作，标志词：yesterday,.last week,in20l0 。例句：She lived in Beijing in20l0.(与现在无关) 2.过去进行时Vs一般过去时： ·过去进行时：过去某时刻正在进行的动作 ●例句：I was reading when the doorbell rang. ·一般过去时：过去发生的短暂性动作 ·例句：The doorbell rang at8o'clock. 2.被动语态的特殊结构 1.含情态动词的被动语态： ·结构：主语+情态动词+be+过去分词 。例句：This work must be finished today. 2.感官/使役动词被动语态： 。主动语态接不带to不定式，被动需还原to ·例句：主动：We saw him enter the room. 被动：He was seen to enter the room. 3.时态与语态的结合运用 1.语境中的时态选择： ●时间线索判断：By the time I got to the station,.the train had left. 2.主动被动转换技巧： ·主动：They built this bridge in20l5. 被动：This bridge was built in20l5(by them). 2 高中语法重庆大学版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 知识点三：基础动词用法 1.动词的时态变化 1.一般现在时：She gets up at6:00 every morning 2.一般过去时：He went to Beijing last summer holiday. 3.一般将来时：We will have a picnic next Sunday.. 4.现在进行时：They are playing football on the playground now. 5.现在完成时：I have lived here for five years. 2.动词的语态变化 l.主动语态：Tom cleans the room every day. 2.被动语态：The room is cleaned by Tom every day. 3.一般过去时被动：This book was written by Lu Xun. 4.一般将来时被动：A new hospital will be built next year. 3.情态动词的基本用法 1.can:She can speak three languages. 2.may:May I borrow your pen? 3.must:You must finish your homework on time. 4.should:We should help each other. 5.need:You needn't come so early. 6.can't:He can'tbe at home now. 解题小妙招 推测可能看语境，肯定must否can't: 疑问多用can/could,might/may表不确定： 过去推测加have done,must have done很肯定； should have本应做，needn't have本不必： used to表过去常常，dare作情态否daren't: 综合运用看含义，语境辨析是核心。 3 高中语法重庆大学版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 考法精析 考法一：情态动词常见错误及真题 常见错误类型及修正： ·误用情态动词时态： 错误：He can swim very well when he was ten. 修正：He could swim very well when he was ten 。混淆mustn't与needn't: 错误：You mustn't come early tomorrow. 修正：You needn't come early tomorrow. 。误用情态动词+have done: 错误：She should take the exam yesterday 修正：She should have taken the exam yesterday. 高考真题单选： 1.(2023·全国甲卷) -Could I borrow your car for the weekend? -Sure,but youreturn it by Monday morning. A.can B.must C.may D.might 答案：B(must表必须) 2.(2022·新高考I卷) The door_open,no matter how hard she pushed. A.wouldn't B.shouldn't C.couldn't D.mightn't 答案：A(wouldn't表”总是不) 考法二：情态动词表推测的用法 真题1（语法填空)： The light is on in hisroom,so he be at home now. 答案：must解析：对现在情况的肯定推测 真题2（完形填空）： -Where is Lucy? -She be in the library.I saw her go there just now. A.can B.must C.might D.need 答案：B解析：对现在情况的肯定推测 考法三：情态动词综合应用 4 高中语法重庆大学版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 真题1（单项选择)： The house by workers last month.It looks new now. A.must build B.must be built C.must have built D.must have been built 答案：D解析：must have been built(过去被动推测) 真题2（语法填空）： These books (should return)to the library yesterday.You forgot again! 答案：should have been returned解析：should have been done(过去被动虚拟) 真题演练 演练一：单项选择 1.(2021·浙江卷) You be careful with the camera.It costs! A.must B.may C.can D.will 答案：A 2.-Why didn't you attend the meeting yesterday?Youhave informed me if you couldn't come. -I'm sorry,but I catch the early bus and my phone died. A.should;couldn't B.must;needn't C.might;shouldn't D.could;mustn't 答案：A 演练二：语法填空 1.The old photos remind me of the days when I(use)to play in the yard with my friends 答案：used 2.We(not dare)to climb the big tree because my mother would scold us. 答案：daren't 3.He drink coffee,,but now he prefers tea.(过去常常) 答案：usedto 4.You not tell him the newshe's too upset.( 答案：had better 5.You have bought so much bread,we still have plenty.(本不必) 答案：needn't 答案区 演练-：1.A2.A 演练二：1.used2.daren't3.used to4 had better5.needn't 5