基础动词用法2-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（重大版）

高中重庆大学版 【语法专版】 高中语法知识点全解 语法专版 基础动词用法 高中语法专项突破 考频分析 高中重庆大学版中，基础动词用法是重点语法模块，考频占词法总量的20%左右，贯穿试卷所有 核心题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空3-4题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响句 子完整性与准确性。在语境理解类题目中，动词的时态、语态及词义辨析往往是解题关键。 考查内容 动词时态系统是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心题型： 单项选择2-3题、完形填空3-4题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响句子时态准确 性与语境合理性。在语境理解类题目中，动词时态的辨析、时间状语匹配及上下文逻辑呼应往往是 解题关键。 知识点一：动词时态系统 高中对动词时态系统的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： 。基础时态结构：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成 时、过去完成时、将来完成时的构成（含肯定句、否定句、疑问句）与标志性时间状语 ·时态语境辨析：不同时态在时间逻辑（如过去动作对现在影响用现在完成时）、语境暗示（如时 间状语从句中主将从现)、动作状态（如延续性动词与瞬间动词搭配完成时时态）的应用对比 ·时态特殊用法：过去将来时在间接引语中的转换、现在完成进行时表动作持续与未完成性、时 态与情态动词结合（如must have done表推测）的混合考察 知识点二：动词的时态与语态进阶 1.一般现在时（常态、规律、客观真理) ·时间标志词：always(总是)、usually(通常)、often(经常)、every day/week/month(每天/周/月)、 on Sundays(在周日)、客观真理（无具体时间词，如“光比声音传播快”） 高中重庆大学版 【语法专版】 高中语法知识点全解 。主动语态：结构：主语+动词原形（主语为非三单）/动词第三人称单数（主语为三单） 例句： 1.We study math every morning.(非三单主语，动词用原形study) 2.The earth goes around the sun.(客观真理，三单主语用goes） ·被动语态：结构：主语+am/is/are+动词过去分词（主语单复数决定am/is/are的选择） 例句： l.Math is studied by us every morning.（主语不可数，用is;study的过去分词为studied) 2.English is spoken by many people around the world.(主语不可数，用is;speak的过去分词为 spoken) 2.过去进行时（过去某时段正在进行的动作） 。时间标志词：at9a.m.last Monday(上周一上午9点)、fom7to9 last night(昨晚7到9点)、 while+过去进行时句子（如While she was cooking) ·主动语态：结构：主语+was/were+动词现在分词(doing)(主语单数/三单用was,复数用were) 例句： l.They were playing football from4to5 yesterday afternoon.(复数主语，用were+playing) 2.I was doing my homework while my brother was watching TV.（第一人称，用was+doing;while 连接并列进行的动作) ·被动语态：结构：主语+was/were+being+动词过去分词 例句： l.Football was being played by them from4to5 yesterday afternoon.（主语单数，用was be- ing+played) 2.The piano was being played by her when I went into the room.(主语单数，用was being+played) 3.现在完成时（过去动作持续到现在或对现在有影响) ·时间标志词：recently(最近)、up to now(到目前为止)、in the past few years(在过去几年里)、 ever(曾经，疑问句)、never(从不) ·主动语态：结构：主语+have/has+动词过去分词（主语单数/三单用has,复数/第一人称用have) 例句： 1.She has learned English for6 years.(三单主语，用has+learned) 2.We have visited that museum twice.(复数主语，用have+visited) ·被动语态：结构：主语+have/has been+动词过去分词 例句： 高中重庆大学版 【语法专版】 高中语法知识点全解 1.This novel has been read by millions of people.(主语单数，用has been+-read) 2.The environment has been protected by us in recent years..（主语不可数，用has been+-protected) 4.过去完成时（过去的过去发生的动作) 。时间标志词：by the end of last year(到去年年底)、before he came(在他来之前)、when I got there(当我到那里时) ·主动语态：结构：主语+had+动词过去分词（统一用had) 例句： 1.She had finished reading the book before her mother came back.(had+finished:came 时，“完成”在“回来”之前) 2.They had lived in Beijing for 10 years before they moved to Shanghai.(had+lived:moved 去时) 。被动语态：结构：主语+had been+动词过去分词 例句： 1.The letter had been written by her before she went to bed.(had been+written) 2.All the work had been done by them by the time the manager arrived.(had been+done) 5.一般将来时（计划或将要发生的动作) ●时间标志词：in two days(两天后)、this coming Sunday(这个周日)、tomorrow morning(明天 上午)、next term(下学期) 。主动语态：结构：(I)主语+will+动词原形(2)主语+an/is/are going to+动词原形 例句： 1.They will have a picnic this weekend.(will+have) 2.I am going to learn to swim next summer.(第一人称，用am going to+原形leam) 。被动语态：结构：(1)主语+will be+动词过去分词(2)主语+am/is/are going to be+动词过去分 词 例句： 1.A picnic will be had by them this weekend.(will be+had) 2.A new library is going to be built in our school next year.(is going to be+built) 知识点三：情态动词 1.基础含义及用法（中考必背） 。can(能/会)→例句：She can speak three languages. 3 高中重庆大学版 【语法专版】 高中语法知识点全解 ·nay(可以/何能)→例句：You may leave the room now. 。must（必须/一定)→例句：We must follow traffic rules. ●should(应该)→例句：You should brush your teeth twice a day. ●need(需要)→例句：They need finish the work today. 。will(将要/愿意)→例句：I will help you with your study. 。would(愿意/过去将要)→例句：She would like some tea ·could(能/何以，can的过去式/委婉语气)→例句：Could you pass me the book? 2.否定形式及用法（中考常考） ●can't(不能/不可能)→例句：He can't swim across the river. ●mustn't（禁止)→例句：You mustn't park here. 。shouldn't(不应该)→例句：We shouldn't waste water. ·needn't(不必)→例句：You needn't come early tomorrow. ·may not(可能不/不可以)→例句：It may not rain tomorrow. 3.疑问形式及回答（中考易错） 。Can.?→肯定▣答：Yes,..can.否定回答：No,.can't.例句：Can you ride a bike?Yes,Ican. 。Must.?→肯定回答：Yes,.must.否定回答：No,.needn't/don't have to.例句：Must I finish it now?No,you needn't. 。May.?→肯定回答：Yes,.may/can.否定▣答：No,.can't/mustn't.例句：May I use your pen? Yes,you can. 。Should..?→肯定回答：Yes,.should.否定回答：No,shouldn't.例句：Should we go there by bus?Yes,we should. 解题小妙招 时态语态妙招 时态判断看标志，没有标志品语境： 主动结构记“主谓”，被动必带“be和done”; 被动中be最关键，记住be就OK: 一现被动“am/is/are”,按表将来也适用； 一过被动“was/were”,特定时间明确态； 进行被动要用“being”,持续动作正进行： 完成被动“have/has/had been”,影响结果或持续： 将来被动“will be'”,计划安排将来时： 最后加上一个done,时态语态全搞定。 4 高中重庆大学版 【语法专版】 高中语法知识点全解 考法精析 考法一：时态的时间状语匹配及语境应用 1.不同时态的典型时间状语（基础必背) ●一般现在时：every day/morning.,often,.usually,always,sometimes,on Sundays,twice a week,as a rule,generally,frequently ·一般过去时：yesterday,the day before yesterday,,last week/month/year,ago,in20l8,just now,at that time,once upon a time ·一般将来时：tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,next week/month/year,soon,in the future,.im+一 段时间（如in three days),tonight ·现在进行时：now,at present,at the moment,,these days,.Look!,Listen! 。过去进行时：at8o'clock last night,.this time yesterday,when+一般过去时句子，while+一般 过去时句子 。现在完成时：already,.yet,just,ever,never,,before,,recently,,lately,so far,p to now,in the past few years,.since+过去时间点，for+一段时间 。过去完成时：by the end of last year/month,before+过去时间点，when+一般过去时句子（主 句动作先于从句)，until then ·现在完成进行时：since+过去时间点，for+一段时间，recently,lately 。过去将来时：the next day/morning,the following week/month,soon,later(用于宾语从句中，主 句为一般过去时) 2.时态与时间状语的匹配易错点（高频考点) ·现在完成时与“ago”不连用： 错误：I have finished my homework three hours ago. I finished my homework three hours ago./I have finished my homework for three hours. 。“for+一段时间”可用于多种时态，但含义不同： 一般过去时：He stayed here for a week.(过去停留一周，现在已离开) 现在完成时：He has stayed here for a week.(从过去到现在停留一周，可能还在) 过去完成时：He had stayed here for a week before he left.(离开前已停留一周) 现在完成进行时：He has been staying here for a week.(从过去持续到现在一周，仍在停留) ●“since'”的用法： since+过去时间点：I have lived here since20l0. since+一般过去时句子：I have lived here since I graduated from college. Itis+一段时间+since+一般过去时句子：It is five years since I came here.(=I have been here for five years.) 3.语境中的时态选择（综合应用） 高中重庆大学版 【语法专版】 高中语法知识点全解 。根据上下文暗示判断时态： 例1：-What you (do)at 9 o'clock last night?-I (watch)TV. (根据时间状语at9o'clock last night,用过去进行时：were doing;was watching) ●例2： you (see)the movie before?-Yes,I (see)it last week (第一空根据before用现在完成时：Have seen:第二空根据last week用一般过去时：saw) 。时态的呼应（主从复合句）： 主句为一般现在时，从句根据实际情况用各种时态：I think he will come tomorrow./I know he lives in Beijing. 主句为一般过去时，从句常用过去的某种时态（客观真理除外）：He said he would come the next day./He told me the earth goes around the sun.(客观真理用一般现在时) 时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来：I will call you when I arrive./Ifit rains tomorrow,we will stay at home. 考法二：一般现在时表将来的特殊用法 核心：识别按时刻表、固定安排等场景中，用一般现在时表示将来动作的情况 1.真题1（语法填空）： The plane-(take)off at 9:30 a.m.tomorrow.We need to arrive at the airport early. 答案：takes 解析：由“tomorrow”及“飞机起飞”这一时刻表场景可知，此处用一般现在时表将来：主语 为三单，take用第三人称单数形式takes。 2.真题2（单项选择)： Our school sports meeting-on October 15th every year. A.hold B.holds C.is held D.will be held 答案：C 解析：由“every year”及“学校运动会”这一固定安排场景可知，此处用一般现在时表将来；“运 动会”与“举办”为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态is held。 考法三：时态与语态的综合语境应用 核心：结合时间标志词、动作逻辑及被动语态结构，判断不同时态的主动与被动形式在语境中的正 确使用 1.真题1（单项选择)： By the time the firemen arrived the big fire_by the brave villagers A had put out B had been put out C was put out D is put out 答案：B 6 高中重庆大学版 【语法专版】 高中语法知识点全解 解析：时间标志词“By the time the firemen arrived”(消防员到达时)表示“过去的过去”，需用 过去完成时；主语“the big fire”是动作“put out”的承受者，应用被动语态，结构为“had been +过去分词”，put的过去分词为put。 2.真题2（语法填空)： A new library_(build)in our school since last September and it_(finish)next month 答案：has been built will be finished 解析：第一空时间标志词“since last September'”(自去年9月以来)表从过去持续到现在的动 作，主语“a new library”是动作承受者，用现在完成时被动语态“has been built”;第二空时间 标志词“next month”（下个月)表将来，用一般将来时被动语态“will be finished”。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.My brother in this factory since 2015. A.work B.works C.worked D.has worked 2.Look！The children happily in the park. A.play B.played C.are playing D.will play 3.He to the Great Wall twice when he was in Beijing. A.goes B.went C.has gone D.had gone 4.We dinner when the phone rang. A.have B.had C.are having D.were having 5.The plane at 7:00 p.m.We need to hurry. A.leaves B.left C.will leave D.is leaving 6.By the time I got to the station,the train A.leaves B.left C.has left D.had left 7.She English for 10 years and she stillnow. A.learns;learns B.learned;learned C.has learned;is learning D.has been learning;learns 8.My father oftennewspapers after supper,but yesterday heTV. A.reads:watches B.reads;watched C.read:watched D.read:watches 7 高中重庆大学版 【语法专版】 高中语法知识点全解 9.-When youthe bike?-Last month. A.do;buy B.did;buy C.have;bought D.will;buy 10.I here for two years,andI to stay for another two. A.live;want B.lived;wanted C.have lived;want D.have lived;will want 答案区 演练-：1D2.C3B4.D5.A6.D7.C8.B9B10.C 8