内容正文:
高中语法重庆大学版
【寒假专版】
A版知识点全解
寒假专版
【专题】基础词法
高中语法专项突破
考频分析
重庆大学版高中语法中,基础词法是重点语法模块,考频占语法总量的30%左右,贯穿试卷所有
核心题型:单项选择5-7题、完形填空4-6题、语法填空3-5题、书面表达核心考察直接影响句子
准确性与规范性。在语境理解类题目中,基础词法的词性辨析、搭配及用法规则往往是解题关键。
考查内容
。形容词与副词:考频占词法总量的15%左右,贯穿单项选择2-3题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2
题、书面表达(直接影响句子描述的准确性与生动性)
·情态动词与虚拟语气:高中核心语法模块,覆盖各类题型
·名词、代词、冠词:基础词法核心构成,中考必考内容延伸
知识点一:形容词与副词
高中英语对形容词与副词的考察聚焦三大维度:
1.语法功能:
·形容词作定语、表语、宾语补足语的用法
·副词修饰动词、形容词、副词及整个句子的功能
2.比较等级:
·原级、比较级、最高级的构成规则(规则变化与不规则变化)
。比较级句型(as.as.,than,the+比较级.,the+比较级.)
●最高级句型(th+最高级+比较范围)的应用
3.易混词辨析:
·形容词与副词同形词(如fast,hard)
·以-ly结尾的形容词(如friendly,lovely)
高中语法重庆大学版
【寒假专版】
A版知识点全解
。-ed形容词与-ing形容词(如excited与exciting)的区别及语境选择
知识点二:情态动词的基本用法与虚拟语气
l.情态动词can/could(能力、请求、可能性)
1.基本含义及用法:
·can:表示现在的能力(“能,会”)、请求许可(口语,CanI?)、理论可能性(常用于否定句/疑
问句)
。could:表示过去的能力(“过去能”)、委婉请求(Could I.?)、较小可能性(用于肯定句)
2.句型结构:
·肯定句:主语+can/could+动词原形
●否定句:主语+can't/couldn't+动词原形
。疑问句:Can/Could+主语+动词原形?
3.例句:
。She can speak three languages.(现在能力)
。Could you pass me the pen?(委婉请求)
。It can't be true..(否定推测)
●He could swim when he was five.(过去能力)
2.情态动词may/might(许可、可能性)
1.基本含义及用法:
。may:表示许可(“可以”,MayI.?)、肯定推测(可能性比might大)
。might:表示较小可能性的推测(“或许,可能"”)、过去的许可(用于间接引语)
2.句型结构:
●肯定句:主语+nay/might+动词原形
。否定句:主语+may not/might not+动词原形
·疑问句:May+主语+动词原形?(might一般不用于疑问句表许可)
3.例句:
。You may leave now.(许可)
●It might rain tomorrow.(可能性推测)
·May I use your dictionary?(请求许可)
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高中语法重庆大学版
【寒假专版】
A版知识点全解
·She might not come to the party.(可能不)
3.情态动词must/have to(必须、肯定推测)
1.基本含义及用法:
·ust:表示主观必须(强调说话人意志)、肯定推测(语气最强)
·have to:表示客观需要(受外界条件限制),有人称/时态变化
2.否定形式:
。mustn't:表示“禁止,不允许”
。don't have to:表示“不必”
3.例句
·You must finish your homework first.(主观必须)
●He has to work on weekends.(客观需要)
·This must be his book.(肯定推测)
●You mustn't smoke here..(禁止)
·You don't have to come early.(不必)
4.情态动词should/ought to(应该、建议)
1.基本含义及用法:
·should/ought to:表示责任义务、建议(ought to语气略强)
2.否定形式:shouldn't/ought not to(“不应该”)
3.例句:
●You should study hard for the exam.(建议)
·We ought to help each other.(责任义务)
●You shouldn't talk in class.(不应该)
5.虚拟语气(与现在事实相反的假设)
1.适用场景:表示与现在实际情况相反的假设或愿望
2.结构:if从句用一般过去时(be动词统一用were),主句用“would/could/might+动词原形”
3.例句:
·IfI were you,I would take the job.(与现在事实相反)
·If she had time,she could go with us..(与现在事实相反)
。If it rained tomorrow,we might stay at home.(假设明天下雨)
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高中语法重庆大学版
【寒假专版】
A版知识点全解
知识点三:基础词法
1.名词
1.基础分类:
。个体名词(表示具体人或物)→例句:teacher(教师)→My mother is a teacher:
。集体名词(表示一群人或物)→例句:family(家庭)一His family are watching TV,
。物质名词(表示不可数物质)→例句:water(水)→We need to drink enough water every day.
·抽象名词(表示抽象概念)一例句:happiness(幸福)→Money can't buy happiness..
·专有名词(表示特定名称)一→例句:Beijing(北京)→I want to visit Beijing next year.
2.单复数变化规则:
·一般加-s→例:book-books(书):pen→pens(钢笔)
·以s,X,sh,ch结尾加-es→例:bus→buses(公共汽车):watch→watches(手表)
·以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i加-es→例:city一→cities(城市):baby一babies(婴儿)
·以ffe结尾变ffe为v加-es→例:leaf→leaves(树叶);knife-→knives(刀)
·不规则变化→例:man一→men(男人):child→children(孩子):sheep→sheep(绵羊)
2.代词
1.人称代词
·主格(作主语)→I(我),you(你/你们),he(他),she(她),it(它),we(我们),they(他
们)→例句:She is a student.
·宾格(作宾语)→me(我),you(你/你们),him(他),her(她),it(它),us(我们),them
(他们)→例句:My mother loves me.
2.物主代词:
·形容词性物主代词(后接名词)→my(我的),your(你的/你们的),his(他的),her(她的),
its(它的),our(我们的),their(他们的)→例句:This is my book.
。名词性物主代词(独立使用)→mine(我的),yours(你的/你们的),his(他的),hers(她的)
,its(它的),ours(我们的),theirs(他们的)→例句:The red pen is mine.
3.指示代词:
·this(这个,近指单数)→例句:This is a dog
。that(那个,远指单数)→例句:That is a cat:
。these(这些,近指复数)→例句:These are apples..
。those(那些,远指复数)→例句:Those are bananas.
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高中语法重庆大学版
【寒假专版】
A版知识点全解
3.冠词
1.不定冠词:
。a(用于辅音音素开头单词前)→例:a book(一本书):a university(一所大学)
。an(用于元音音素开头单词前)→例:an apple(一个苹果):an hour(一小时)
。用法:表示泛指“一个”→例句:Ihave a pen.
2.定冠词:
●the(表示特指)→例句:The book on the desk is mine.
·用法:指双方都知道的人或物→例句:Open the door,.please.
3.零冠词:
。用于复数名词和不可数名词表示泛指→例句:Books are our friends.(书是我们的朋友)
。用于三餐、球类运动前→例句:I have breakfast at7a.m.:He likes playing football..
考法精析
考法一:形容词与副词的基本用法及区别
核心:根据修饰对象(名词/代词Vs动词/形容词/其他副词),判断应使用形容词还是副词
真题1(语法填空):
She is a(care)girl.She always does her homework-(care).
答案:careful;:carefully
解析:第一空修饰名词girl,用形容词careful:第二空修饰动词does,用副词carefully,由形容词
careful加ly构成。
真题2(单项选择):
He runs __than his brother.
A.fast B.faster C.fastly D.more fast
答案:B
解析:由than可知用比较级,fast的比较级为不规则变化faster,副词fast本身可作副词,无需加ly。
考法二:形容词与副词的高阶应用及实战辨析
1.形容词的高阶用法(倍数表达与复合形容词)
·倍数表达(A是B的X倍)
规则l:倍数+as+形容词原级+as→例句:This room is twice as big as that one.
规则2:倍数+形容词比较级+than一例句:The population of China is five times larger than that
高中语法重庆大学版
【寒假专版】
A版知识点全解
of Japan.
规则3:倍数+the+名词(size/length/width)+of→例句:The river is three times the length of that one..
·复合形容词(由连字符连接的形容词)
构成规则:数词-名词(单数)-形容词→例句:al0-year-old boy;a5-meter-tall tree
注意:名词必须用单数形式→错误:a3-yers-old girl(正确:a3-year-old girl)
2.副词的高阶用法(连接副词与关系副词)
·连接副词(引导名词性从句或状语从句)
常见词:how(如何)、when(何时)、where(何地)、why(为何)
例句:
I don't know how to solve this problem.
When he arrived,the meeting had already started.
·关系副词(引导定语从句,指代先行词的时间/地点/原因)
常见词:when(时间)、where(地点)、why(原因)
例句:
This is the school where I studied 10 years ago.
I still remember the day when we first met.
The reason why he was late is unknown.
考法三:情态动词与形容词、副词比较等级的综合应用
核心:结合情态动词表推测/建议的语境,正确使用形容词副词的原级、比较级或最高级,区分易
混词的语法功能
真题1(单项选择):
Youstudy harder than before because this exam is_difficult than the last one.
A.must;more B.may;most C.can;much D.should;very
答案:A
解析:根据语境“考试比上次更难”,第二空需用比较级“more difficult”;第一空表示主观必须,
用“nust”符合句意。
真题2(语法填空):
This story is(exciting)than that one,so you might(read)it first.
答案:more exciting;read
解析:由“than”可知第一空用比较级,exciting为多音节词,比较级前加more;第二空“might'”后
接动词原形。
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高中语法重庆大学版
【寒假专版】
A版知识点全解
解题小妙招
形副区分妙招
修饰名代用形容,修饰动形副用副:
副词常由形加ly,特殊如fast不变形。
比较等级妙招
比较级看han,最高级围范围:
单音词加er/est,多音节前加more/most:
never加比较级,暗含最高级含义:
the加最高级表特指,副词前he可省略。
综合运用妙招
形副混用时态先,修饰对象是关键:
比较语境找标志,than出比较级,范围定最高级:
hard本身可作副,比较级是harder:
hardly表否定,“几乎不”要牢记。
真题演练
演练一:单项选择
1.She is a(care)girl.She always does her homework(care).
答案:careful;:carefully
2.He runs than his brother.
A.fast B.faster C.fastly D.more fast
答案:B
3.Youstudy harder than before because this exam is-difficult than the last one.
A.must;more B.may;most C.can;much D.should;very
答案:A
演练二:语法填空
1.This story is(exciting)than that one,so you might(read)it first.
答案:more exciting;read
2.My sister studies(hard)than me,and she always gets better grades.However,I can(hard)catch up
with her even if I try my best.
答案:harder,hardly
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高中语法重庆大学版
【寒假专版】
A版知识点全解
答案区
演练-:1.careful,carefully2.B3.A
演练二:l.more exciting,read2.harder,hardly
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