内容正文:
高中语法重庆大学版
【语法全解】
A版知识点全解
语法专版
【专题】基础词法
高中语法专项突破
考频分析
重庆大学版高中语法中,基础词法是核心语法模块,考频占语法总量的30%左右,贯穿试卷所有
核心题型:单项选择5-7题、完形填空4-6题、语法填空3-5题、书面表达核心考察直接影响句子
基础构建与表达规范性。在语境应用类题目中,基础词法的词类辨析、固定搭配及语法功能往往是
解题关键。
考查内容
冠词与数词是高中英语词法的基础模块,考频占词法总量的15%左右,分布于试卷多个题型:单
项选择1-2题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题、短文改错1-2题。在语境应用类题目中,冠词的
泛指与特指、数词的固定搭配及主谓一致常是解题要点。
知识点一:冠词与数词
1.冠词分类应用:
。不定冠词a/an、定冠词he、零冠词的辨析与功能
2.数词系统掌握:
·基数词、序数词的基本结构与用法
·分数、倍数、概数的表达
3.语境综合运用:
·冠词在特指与泛指、专有名词与普通名词中的匹配
。数词与主谓一致的结合
知识点二:核心词类与词性转换
1.名词(表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称)
高中语法重庆大学版
【语法全解】
A版知识点全解
。可数名词与不可数名词
可数名词:有单复数形式,如book(单数)→books(复数)、child(单数)→children(复数)
不可数名词:无复数形式,如water(水)、information(信息)、advice(建议)
·名词所有格
结构:(1)单数名词+'s(如Tom'spen汤姆的钢笔)
(2)复数名词以s结尾+’(如the students'classroom学生们的教室)
(3)无生命名词用of所有格(如the cover of the book书的封面)
例句:
1.This is my sister'sbag.(单数名词sister加's)
2.These are the teachers'offices..(复数名词teachers以s结尾,加')
3.The door of the room is red.(无生命名词room用of结构)
2.动词(表示动作或状态)
·及物动词与不及物动词
及物动词:后面必须接宾语,如eat(吃)→He eats an apple.(接宾语an apple)
不及物动词:后面不接宾语,如un(跑)→She runs fast.(无宾语,fast是状语)
。系动词(连接主语和表语,说明主语状态或特征)
常见系动词:be(am/is/are/was/were)、look(看起来)、sound(听起来)、taste(尝起来)、smell
(闻起来)、feel(感觉)、become(变得)、get(变得)
例句:
l.The flowers smell sweet..(smell是系动词,后接形容词sweet作表语)
2.He became a doctor in2020.(became是系动词,后接名词短语a doctor作表语)
3.形容词(修饰名词,说明事物特征)
·形容词的位置
通常位于名词前作定语,如a beautiful girl(一个漂亮的女孩)
或位于系动词后作表语,如The girl is beautiful.(这个女孩很漂亮)
·形容词的比较级和最高级(规则变化)
比较级:一般在词尾加-er(如tall→taller)
最高级:一般在词尾加-est(如tal→tallest)
多音节词在前面加more/most(如interesting→more interesting→most interesting)
例句:
l.This book is more interesting than that one..(比较级more interesting,后接than)
2.She is the tallest student in her class.(最高级tallest,前加the,后接in短语表范围)
4.副词(修饰动词、形容词或其他副词)
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高中语法重庆大学版
【语法全解】
A版知识点全解
。副词的分类
时间副词(如now、yesterday)、地点副词(如here、there)、方式副词(如quickly、slowly)、程
度副词(如vey、quite)
·副词的位置
修饰动词时,通常位于动词后或句末,如He runs quickly.(quickly修饰uns)
修饰形容词时,位于形容词前,如She is very happy.(vey修饰happy)
例句:
l.They walked slowly along the street.(slowly修饰动词walked)
2.This story is quite interesting.(quite修饰形容词interesting)
5.代词(代替名词或名词短语,避免重复)
·人称代词(主格和宾格)
主格:I、you、he、she、it、we、they(作主语)
宾格:me、you、him、her、it、us、them(作宾语)
·物主代词(形容词性和名词性)
形容词性物主代词:ny、your、his、her、its、our、their(后接名词)
名词性物主代词:mine、yours、.his、hers、its、ours、theirs(相当于“形容词性物主代词+名
词”)
例句:
1.He gave me a book.(he是主格,me是宾格)
2.This is my pen.Yours is on the desk.(my是形容词性物主代词,Yours是名词性物主代词,相
当于your pen)
6.数词(表示数量或顺序)
。基数词(表示数量):one、two、three.one hundred(100)、two thousand(2000)
●序数词(表示顺序):first(第1)、second(第2)、third(第3)、tenth(第l0)、twentieth(第
20)、one hundredth(第100)
例句:
l.There are twenty students in the class.(基数词twenty表示数量)
2.She got the first prize in the competition.(序数词first表示顺序,前加the)
7.介词(表示名词或代词与其他词之间的关系)
·常见介词:in(在…里)、on(在…上)、at(在…时间/地点)、by(被:通过)、with(用:
和…一起)、from(从…)、to(到…)、for(为了)、about(关于)
。介词短语:由介词+名词/代词构成,在句中作状语或定语,如in the morning(在早上)、on the
table(在桌子上)
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高中语法重庆大学版
【语法全解】
A版知识点全解
例句
1.We have class from8am.to5p.m.(fiom.to..表示时间范围)
2.The book on the desk is mine.(on the desk作定语,修饰名词book)
知识点三:非谓语动词
1.todo(不定式)
·基础搭配拓展(中考必背):
offer to do(主动提出做)
→例句:He offers to help me with my English,
promise to do(承诺做)
→例句:She promises to keep the secret for me.
agree to do(同意做)
→例句:They agree to go hiking next Sunday.
choose to do(选择做)
→例句:I choose to study math as my major.
manage to do(设法做)
→例句:He manages to solve the difficult problem.
fail to do(未能做)
→例句:She fails to pass the driving test.
prepare to do(准备做)
→例句:We prepare to hold a party for her birthday:
wish to do(希望做)
→例句:I wish to travel around the world..
expect to do(期望做)
→例句:They expect to get good grades in the exam.
afford to do(负担得起做)→例句:My family can't afford to buy a new car now.
。特殊结构搭配(中考易错):
have no time to do(没时间做)
→例句:I have no time to watch TV tonight,.
the first to do(第一个做)
→例句:He was the first to arrive at the classroom,
It takes sb.some time to do(做某事花费某人时间)→例句:It takes me an hour to go to school by bike.
2.doing(动名词/现在分词)
。基础搭配拓展(中考必背):
miss doing(错过做)
→例句:I missed taking the early bus this morning
consider doing(考虑做)→例句:They are considering moving to a new house,
suggest doing(建议做)→例句:The doctor suggests drinking more water.
delay doing(推迟做)
→例句:He delayed finishing his project until next week
imagine doing(想象做)→例句:Can you imagine living on the moon?
risk doing(冒险做)
→例句:He risked losing his job to tell the truth
admit doing(承认做)
→例句:She admitted breaking the window.
deny doing(否认做)
→例句:He denied stealing the money.
practice doing(练习做)→例句:We practice writing English essays every week,
keep on doing(继续做)一例句:He kept on working although he was tired.
。固定短语搭配(中考常考):
be busy doing(忙于做)
一例句:My mother is busy cooking dinner.
feel like doing(想要做)
一→例句:I feel like eating ice cream now.
can't help doing(忍不住做)→例句:She can't help laughing when she heard the joke.
高中语法重庆大学版
【语法全解】
A版知识点全解
3.done(过去分词)
·作定语(中考核心):
a broken cup(一个破杯子)
一例句:There is a broken cup on the floor.
the lost key(丢失的钥匙)
→例句:Ican't find the lost key to my room.
a written report(一份书面报告)→例句:He has to hand in a written report tomorrow.
the stolen car(被偷的汽车)
→例句:The police found the stolen car in the forest.
·作表语(中考易错):
be interested(感兴趣的)→例句:I am interested in reading novels.
be excited(兴奋的)
一例句:They are excited about the coming holiday.
be surprised(惊讶的)
→例句:She was surprised to see her old friend.
be bored(无聊的)
→例句:I am bored with this TV show.
考法精析
考法一:不定冠词a/an的辨析
核心:根据单词开头的音素(辅音音素/元音音素),选择正确的不定冠词a或n
真题1(语法填空):
There isuniversity in our city.It is very famous.
答案:a
解析:university虽以元音字母u开头,但发音为/junr'v3:sati/,以辅音音素j/开头,故用不定冠词a。
真题2(完形填空):
My mother bought me_useful dictionary yesterday.
A.a B.an C.the D./
答案:A
解析:useful发音为/'jusf/,以辅音音素j开头,且此处表泛指“一本有用的字典”,故用不定冠
词a。
考法二:冠词、数词与情态动词的综合应用
核心:结合语境辨析冠词的特指/泛指用法,正确使用基数词序数词表示数量或顺序,并运用情态
动词表推测或义务的功能
真题1(单项选择):
_eighth lesson is most difficult one,but you must finish it on time.
A.An the B.The a C.A the D.The the
答案:B
解析:序数词“eighth”前需用定冠词the表特指“第八课”;“most difficult'”此处表“非常困难
的”,并非最高级,用不定冠词a修饰可数名词one,符合“a most+形容词”结构。
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高中语法重庆大学版
【语法全解】
A版知识点全解
真题2(语法填空):
You_(must)return the books in three days.The library has a rule that no one can keep_(a/an)book for
more than 72 hours.
答案:nust a
解析:第一空根据语境“图书馆规定”表义务,用情态动词ust:第二空“book”为可数名词单数,
此处表泛指“一本书”,且book以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词a。
考法三:冠词、情态动词与非谓语动词的综合运用
核心:结合语境判断冠词的泛指/特指用法,运用情态动词表推测或义务的功能,以及非谓语动词
作定语、状语的语法功能
真题1(单项选择):
-girl who is talking with Mr.Smith must be honest student.She mightchosen as the monitor of our
class because she is good at_problems.
A.A;an;have been;solving
B.The;an;have been;solving
C.The;a;be;solve
D.A;the;be;solving
答案:B
解析:第一空特指“正在和史密斯先生谈话的女孩”,用定冠词The:第二空泛指“一名诚实的学
生”,honest以元音音素开头,用an;第三空might have been chosen表对过去情况的推测(可能已
被选为班长),符合语境;第四空be good at后接动名词solving。
真题2(语法填空):
It is necessary for us(learn)basic life skills.The teacher suggested that we_(should)try_(do)house-
work at home.We must avoid(make)the same mistakes when(cook)meals.
答案:to learn;(should)ty,todo,making;cooking
解析:第一空考查It's+adj.+for sb.todo结构,填to learr:第二空suggested后接虚拟语气,(should
ty符合“建议做某事”用法:第三空try to do表“努力做某事”;第四空avoid后接动名词making:
第五空when cooking为“连词+现在分词”作状语,表“做饭时”。
解题小妙招
冠词辨析妙招
不定冠词看音素,辅音a来元音an:
泛指用a或an,特指要把the来添:
零冠词用在固定搭配,牢记规则是关键。
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高中语法重庆大学版
【语法全解】
A版知识点全解
情态动词妙招
情态动词表推测,must肯定might可能:
义务责任用should,许可may could行:
need必要dare敢,否定疑问要记清。
非谓语动词妙招
非谓语有三形式,to do doing和done:
主谓关系用doing,动宾关系done来担:
目的将来todo表,介词之后doing跟:
固定搭配要牢记,结合语境灵活选。
综合运用妙招
冠词情态非谓语,结合语境来判断:
特指the来泛指a/an,情态推测义务看:
非谓功能要分明,定语状语需辨清:
多考点题分步做,细心分析答案现。
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